The analysis of reducing blood glucose levels of diabetics with diabetes mellitus by giving a secang wood stew (Caesalpinia sappan L.) to menopausal women in Makassar City
Jumrah Sudirmana,b,
, Nurqalbi Samparab, Sumarni Mawangc, Rosita Passec, Rosdianah Aswanc, Mardiana Ahmadd
Corresponding author
a Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
b Profession Midwife Study Program, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Megarezky University, Indonesia
c Midwifery Study Program, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Megarezky University, Indonesia
d Department of midwifery, Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
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According to the International of Diabetic Federation the global prevalence rate of people with DMin 2014 was 8.3% of the total population in the world and experienced an increase in 2014 to 387 million cases. Indonesia is ranked 7th country of diabetes Mellitus as many as 8.5 million sufferers after China, India and the United States, Brazil, Russia, Mexico.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem, not only in Indonesia but also in the world. This case can be seen by increasing numbers of DM cases in Indonesia, which ranks 4th after India, China, and the United States with 8.4 million sufferers and is expected to increase to 21.3 million people in 2030. In general, almost 80% of the prevalence of diabetes is type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is known as diabetes In Indonesia. This disease is characterized by increased blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) that occur due to the body's deficiency of both absolute and relative insulin hormones. High glucose levels can cause blindness, heart disease, and kidney problems.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Good regulation of blood glucose levels in people with DM can delay or even prevent these abnormalities.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">DM treatment often done is insulin therapy and antidiabetic oral drugs, but these treatments can have negative effects, such as severe hypoglycemia, nausea, abdominal discomfort, anorexia, and the occurrence of long-term complications that can harm the brain and require expensive costs. So many patients who try to control their blood glucose levels with traditional medicine.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Menopause is a medical term that states a woman experiences menstrual cessation, which is not having her period again in 12 consecutive months. Menopause is a natural process experienced by every woman who is around 48–54 years old. Menstrual disorders are a result of decreased levels of the hormone estrogen.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> There is not the production of estrogen hormone that will cause many health vulnerabilities. The loss of female hormones also causes easy appear degenerative diseases, such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, stroke, osteoporosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The hormones estrogen and progesterone also influence the response of body cells to insulin. After menopause, changing body hormone levels can trigger fluctuations in blood sugar levels. This causes blood sugar levels more difficult to be predicted than before menopause. If blood sugar levels are not controlled, it will have a higher risk of diabetes complications).</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">People who got Diabetes Mellitus achieved 25,145 and became one of 10 diseases that often occur in 2016 of Makassar. It is seen that the number of people with diabetes mellitus increased in two research place so that the authors are interested in examining the effectiveness of secang wood decoction in Diabetes Mellitus especially in menopausal women. The purpose of this study was to obtain the effectiveness of secang wood (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caesalpinia sappan L.</span>) boiled water in reducing blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus, especially menopausal women. Specifically, the objectives of this study include 1. Being the basis for the creation of products from sappan wood (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caesalpinia sappan L.</span>) to reduce and control blood glucose levels. 2. To find out the effectiveness of secang boiled water on the decrease in blood glucose levels of patients with diabetes mellitus at menopause.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Method</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research was conducted in Makassar, namely at two research places in Antang Public Health Center. The study was conducted in March–June 2018. The research design used by the author in this study was the Quasy-Experiment with one group pretest-posttest design approach. The measurement of blood glucose levels was distributed before giving secang wood decoction and measurements after treatment. Sample of research was 30 patients with diabetes mellitus with menopausal women in the working area of Antang Public Health Center. Furthermore, the bivariate was analyzed to look at the effectiveness of giving sappan wood decoction on blood glucose levels before and after treatment using paired sample t-test</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Result</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research was conducted in Makassar in which data collection was conducted from March to September 2018. The result of research was obtained from 30 samples which consisted of 1 treatment group pre and post-test design. Furthermore, the data obtained are presented in tabular form (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>) as follows.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> showed that there was 1 respondent (3.3%) with blood glucose levels<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120 before being treated, 11 respondents (36.7%) with blood glucose levels 121–160, 9 respondents (30.0%) with blood glucose levels 161–200, and 9 respondents (30.0%) with blood glucose levels<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>200.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>, it showed that there were 2 respondents (6.7%) with blood glucose levels<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120 before being given treatment, 12 respondents (40.0%) with blood glucose levels 121–160, 11 respondents (36.7%) with blood glucose levels 161–200, and 5 respondents (16.7%) with blood glucose levels<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>200. This research aimed to determine the effect of Effectiveness before and after being given the treatment after being given a treatment of wood water secang.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>, it described that the mean score of blood glucose level before being given decoction of secang wood is 181.47 with a standard deviation of 45,841. Meanwhile, after being given a secang decoction, mean score was 169.67 with a standard deviation of 38,531. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>-test analysis was obtained <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value of 0.005<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">α</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05, then H0 was rejected, which meant that decoction of secang effectively reduced blood glucose levels in patients with Diabetes Mellitus in menopausal women.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Discussion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A woman entering menopause will have a higher risk of experiencing degenerative diseases due to hormonal instability in the body. During menopause, there are usually several metabolic disorders in the body. This metabolic disorder will have an impact in the form of impaired organ function and can trigger various degenerative diseases. A degenerative disease that is often experienced by menopausal women is Diabetes Mellitus.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Unstable hormones in menopausal women's bodies can cause changing of blood glucose levels. The Imbalance of estrogen and progesterone hormones in the body can affect the performance of body cells in responding to insulin. If blood glucose levels cannot be controlled, it will increase the risk of sufferers experiencing complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Giving secang boiled water can be one way to reduce blood glucose levels in the body. In the secang wood, the plant contains Brazilin compound which has the function as an antidiabetic. Provision of boiled secang water boiled continuously can be effective way to reduce blood glucose levels in patients with Diabetes Mellitus.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of research indicated that there was 1 respondent (3.3%) with blood glucose levels<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120 before being given a treatment (Pre-Test), 11 respondents (36.7%) with blood glucose levels 121–160, 9 respondents (30,0%) with blood glucose levels 161–200, and 9 respondents (30.0%) with blood glucose levels<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>200. In the post-test after being treatment (given secang wood boiled water) for 7 days continuously, it showed there were 2 respondents (6.7%) with blood glucose levels<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120 that after being treated, 12 respondents (40.0%) with blood glucose levels 121–160, 11 respondents (36.7%) with blood glucose levels 161–200, and 5 respondents (16.7%) with blood glucose levels<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>200.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From the univariate analysis, there were still eight respondents who did not experience reducing blood glucose levels after being treated with secang wood boiled water. It was caused that there were three respondents experiencing sleep disorder during treatment. This caused respondents being stress so that blood glucose level in body is not controlled. While 5 respondents have a slow metabolism so that the absorption process in the body was also slow. In the analysis of t-test (paired-sample <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test), the value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.005 was obtained. It was smaller than the value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">α</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05. It meant that H0 was rejected or the wood boiled water was effective against reducing blood glucose levels in menopausal women with Diabetes Mellitus in Makassar 2018.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Effect of Giving Secang Wood Decoction Liquid (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caesalpinia sappan L.</span>) and Aloe Vera Leaves on Blood Glucose Levels of Mice (Mus Musculus).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> This research used formula <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test with a test level<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05. The test results showed that there were significant differences between blood glucose levels before and after treatment. It was obtained that t-count (10,939)<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>t-tab (1,714) with a sig. value<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05. These results indicated that the null hypothesis was rejected, and the Alternative Hypothesis was accepted. There is the Effect of Giving Mixed Secang Wood Decoction (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caesalpinia sappan L.</span>), and Aloe Vera Leaves on Blood Glucose in Mice (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mus musculus</span>). Based on the result of research that has been done, researchers assume that there is effectiveness between before and after the provision of secang wood boiled water to patients with Diabetes Mellitus through the Pre-Test and Post Test. This shows that the provision of secang wood boiled water can help reduce blood glucose levels if consumed regularly and maintain a healthy lifestyle.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the components in secang extract that has been studied has antihyperglycemic effects, namely brazilin and tannins. The antihyperglycemic effect of brazilin is caused by an increase in peripheral glucose metabolism including glucose transport, glycogen synthesis and binding of insulin in adipose, liver and muscles. The substance brazilin can increase glycolysis and suppress gluconeogenesis in the liver by increasing fructose-2,6-bisphosphate production by increasing levels of fructose-6-phosphate and hexose-6-phosphate in cells. Where fructose-2,6-bisphosphate plays an important role in the regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis in the liver where fructose-2,6-bisphosphate acts as an intracellular signal.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition to suppressing production, brazilin can increase glucose transport in the body by stimulating the translocation of glucose transport from intracellular to the plasma membrane in adipocyte cells. The tannin content in secang extract has inhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. Tannins can form complexes with enzyme proteins thereby reducing the ability of the enzymes αglucosidase and α-amylase as catalysts in carbohydrate digestion.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,9</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusion</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the result of research conducted by researchers, it can be concluded that the provision of secang wood boiled water can reduce blood glucose levels in menopausal women who suffer from Diabetes Mellitus. In the paired-sample t-test analysis, It is obtained the value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.005. This was smaller than the value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">α</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05, It means that H0 is refused or the Secang Wood Decoction Water is effective against Reducing Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Menopausal Women of Makassar in 2018.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Suggestion</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on conclusion above, it can be given some advice for the people to be expected to maintain diet and rest patterns to maintain metabolic stability in the body. In addition, it can cultivate secang wood plants as herbal plants which can be consumed every day and as an alternative medicine to reduce blood glucose levels in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Health Workers are expected can socialize information about the use of secang boiled water as an alternative choice to reduce blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus, so they will not depend on expensive medicines.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1899063" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1642876" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Result" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Suggestion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-05-29" "fechaAceptado" => "2019-07-15" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1642876" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Blood glucose" 1 => "Decoction of secang wood" 2 => "Diabetes mellitus" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Being the basis for the creation of products from sappan wood (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caesalpinia sappan L.</span>) to reduce and control blood glucose levels and to find out the effectiveness of secang boiled water on the decrease in blood glucose levels of patients with diabetes mellitus at menopause.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This research used <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">quasi-experimental</span> research method with pre-test and post-test design in one treatment group. It was obtained the result of diabetic's blood glucose level before and after giving treatment (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">decoction of sappan wood</span>) by using this method. The number of samples was 30 respondents (menopausal women). Data collection utilized observation sheets and blood glucose check-up.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The test results showed that there were significant differences between blood glucose levels before and after treatment. It was obtained that t-count (10,939)<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>t-tab (1,714) with a sig value.<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05. There is the Effect of Giving Mixed Secang Wood Decoction (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caesalpinia sappan L.</span>), and Aloe Vera Leaves on Blood Glucose in Mice (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mus musculus</span>).</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Result of paired sample <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test was obtained <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.005<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">α</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05. It meant that H0 was rejected or there is the affectivity decoction of sappan wood toward reducing blood glucose level to menopause women with diabetes mellitus in 2018 of Makassar city.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Women and Societal Perspective on Quality of Life (WOSQUAL-2019). Full-text and the content of it is under responsibility of authors of the article.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Blood glucose <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(pre-test</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequency \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><120 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">121–160 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">36.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">161–200 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>200 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Total</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">30</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">100</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3173609.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Frequency distribution of blood glucose in menopausal women with diabetics mellitus before being treated with secang wood decoction water of Makassar in 2018.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Blood glucose <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(post test</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequency \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><120 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">121–160 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">161–200 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">36.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>200 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Total</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">30</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">100</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3173608.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Frequency distribution of blood glucose in menopausal women with diabetics mellitus after being treated with secang wood decoction water in Makassar 2018.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Value Asymp.sig (2-tailed) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle">Blood glucose</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Before \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">181.47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45.841 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">0.005</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">After \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">169.67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">38.531 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3173607.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results of analysis of blood glucose levels reduction before and after treatment of secang wood decoction in menopausal women with diabetics mellitus in Makassar 2018.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Antibacterial effectiveness test of ethanol extract of secang wood (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caesalpinia sappan</span> L.) against <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Shigella dysentriae</span> and their bioautography" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "N. 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