Educare App: Mobile application for clinical duties of nursing students and nurse educators

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Here, femoral neck BMD is a continuous variable, while number of fractures (single, multiple) is a dichotomous variable. Hence, point biserial correlation coefficient was computed and found to be −0.25." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Chhanda Pal, Smritikana Mani, Ananda Kisor Pal, Kosheila Ramuni, Hafizah Che Hassan" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Chhanda" "apellidos" => "Pal" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Smritikana" "apellidos" => "Mani" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ananda Kisor" "apellidos" => "Pal" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Kosheila" "apellidos" => "Ramuni" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Hafizah Che" "apellidos" => "Hassan" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120300437?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/11308621/00000030000000S5/v1_202007240748/S1130862120300437/v1_202007240748/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Educare App: Mobile application for clinical duties of nursing students and nurse educators" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "12" "paginaFinal" => "16" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Jude D. Positos, Allana Louisse A. Abellanosa, Christine Alaiza L. Galgo, Christine Myca B. Tecson, Geraldine S. Ridad, Marjorie M. Tabigue" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Jude D." "apellidos" => "Positos" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jude.positos@g.msuiit.edu.ph" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Allana Louisse A." "apellidos" => "Abellanosa" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Christine Alaiza L." "apellidos" => "Galgo" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Christine Myca B." "apellidos" => "Tecson" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Geraldine S." "apellidos" => "Ridad" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Marjorie M." "apellidos" => "Tabigue" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Andres Bonifacio Ave., Tibanga, Iligan City, 9200 Lanao del Norte, Philippines" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1368 "Ancho" => 3167 "Tamanyo" => 234021 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Sample user interface of the mobile application." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionThe nursing profession has progressed in terms of both education and practice, and mobile technology has played a significant role in the way nursing students approach patient care.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">1</a> The most significant role attributable to mobile technology is in support learning that is situated in a more specific aspect and can create and use real time contents. Indeed, the Internet is now ubiquitously present in our daily lives and has been a huge help to teachers and students alike in going beyond textbook learnings.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">2</a>In MSU-IIT College of Nursing, nursing education is still mostly rudimentary and paper-based. In the attempt of nursing students to provide quality nursing care, one of the most important resource, time, is spent more on student nurse- nurse educator and it causes an imbalance of the student nurse- patient interaction.This study focuses on the need of nursing students to access accurate information by improving its availability. This study values enhancing nursing student's clinical contextual knowledge, student-faculty interactions, and innovation. Smartphone apps may be a means for nursing students to use resources for patient safety and evidence-based care, and for nursing educators to share learning resources to the students.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">3</a>This application, which is referred to as “Educare”, can provide tools for nurse educators to send learning materials to students and for students to have easy access to learning materials. It can also enable the Nurse educator to monitor the students during clinical duties. On top of this, educators will be able to add or create duty schedules and invite students to join their respective clinical duty schedules. Students can also send FDAR (Focus, Data, Action, Response) documentation for checking and revising to the instructor, who can then comment on the student's work real-time through the same app allowing rapid feedback.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">4</a> Nurse educators can also check the paraphernalia of each student, monitor the vital signs of the patients that the students are handling as well as improved conscious adherence to the clinical duty schedule by setting alarms according the planned time and motion.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">5</a>The researchers used Android as the platform in the development of the app due to the wide support of smartphone manufacturers for Android and as the researchers observed, there are more student nurses and nurse educators who use Android than any other smartphone operating system.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">6</a> Before the researchers came up with the decision to use Android for the application, a poll was conducted among the level 4 year and level 3 students in MSU-IIT College of Nursing.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">7</a>This study therefore proposed an application designed to help nurse educators and student nurses in carrying out their activities during clinical duties which would possibly help in promoting high quality care to patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">8</a> Moreover, this application could also help reduce environmental impact regarding paper usage and waste as it utilizes a paperless environment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">9</a> This study identified the need for a useful tool that can be accessible in the clinical setting and provides accurate information to the users.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">10</a> This study utilized technology through the development of a mobile application to fill this gap therefore improving the delivery and instruction of Nursing education.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">11</a>MethodResearch designThis study's research design is descriptive to determine the demographic profile of the respondents with regards to age, sex, and user's category and to evaluate the acceptability and usability of the mobile application. In the development of the mobile application, the ADDIE model.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">12</a> The analysis, design, and develop phases used a low fidelity to a high-fidelity prototype after discussions with the developer regarding the goals, tools, resources and established plans.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">13</a> In the Implementation and Evaluation, the appropriateness of the mobile application was assessed utilizing alpha and beta testing.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">14</a>Population and study settingThe analysis, design and development of the mobile application was done in Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology College of Nursing and College of Computer Science, Iligan City due to availability of resources tools and laboratories. The implementation and evaluation of the mobile application was done at Gregorio T. Lluch Memorial Hospital, Adventist Medical Center in Iligan City as these institutions are affiliated with the College of Nursing for the students to have their clinical duties and exposure. There is a total of twenty-three (23) nurse educators and eighty-eight (88) student nurses were purposively chosen as respondents for this study and the study was done in a span of five (5) months. (January–May 2019) <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>VariablesIn the Analysis phase, the researchers identified and analyzed the problem that they wanted to solve through reading literatures and existing studies related to this study. This is to map the necessary functionalities for the mobile application. The researchers analyzed the gathered data based on the interviews.In determining the acceptability and usability of the mobile application, there are a total of twenty-three (23) nurse educators and eighty-eight (88) student nurses were purposively chosen as respondents for this study.Data collectionThese are the phases for data collection: orientation and demonstration, return demonstration, and evaluation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">15</a>Data analysisThis study has two (2) research instruments namely, the usability and acceptability questionnaires. The usability questionnaire was derived from the System Usability Scale of Jakob Nielsen and tested for reliability using Cronbach's Alpha (0.985) which was revised after considering the design and the goals of the mobile application.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">16</a> The questionnaire was composed of three sections. The first section of the questionnaire consisted of the demographic profile of the respondent in terms of age, gender, year level, address and the type of user and followed by the first set of questions to measure the usability of the application. The acceptability questionnaire was derived from the Bakuna App Version 2.0 and was revised and tested for reliability using Cronbach's Alpha (0.950). Percentage was then used to determine how student nurses in MSU-IIT, and nursing educators think about the app when it comes to usability and acceptability.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">17</a>Ethical aspectsThe following of ethical protocols were prioritized by the researchers prior and during the data gathering process. A request for approval of the implementation of the study was communicated to the College Research and Ethics Committee (CREC) of the MSU-IIT College of Nursing. An informed consent was also utilized in order to observe ethical considerations from the participants and was form given during the orientation phase. Data privacy is also assured to all participants and they were assured that the data being managed and utilized will be used only to the sole purpose of conducting the study.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">18</a>ResultsThe study from <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows that out of 23 nurse educator respondents, 21 of them and Out of 88 students, 85 of them also agreed that the application is easy to use without the help of a technical person. The results show that they are confident in using the app and that the app had a bright, clean, uncluttered screen design.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the results in terms of acceptability that out of 23 nurse educators, 17 agreed that the app helped them in the easy dissemination of learning materials, instructions, announcements and schedules.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionIn summary, the researchers conceptualized the mobile application Educare, and a Developer developed the application.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">1</a> The app was subjected to alpha testing which was done by the developer and beta testing which was accomplished by the researchers. Questionnaires were subjected to pilot testing and checked using Cronbach's Alpha to prove its reliability.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">14</a> With all the results, the researchers can conclude that the developed application is an acceptable and an effective tool that can be used by nurse educators and student nurses.Funding agencyNone (Personal).Conflict of interestsThe authors declare no conflict of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1366003" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1255749" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Method" "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Research design" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Population and study setting" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Variables" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Data collection" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Data analysis" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Ethical aspects" ] ] ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Results" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Funding agency" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack474259" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-09-25" "fechaAceptado" => "2019-11-11" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1255749" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Nursing education" 1 => "Usability" 2 => "Android application" 3 => "Mobile application" 4 => "Acceptability" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectivesTo Design, Develop, and to Test the Educare Application by determining its acceptability and usability as means for improving the quality and delivery nursing education and instruction in the clinical area. MethodsThis study utilized the ADDIE which includes the Analysis phase in which the researchers identified and analyzed the gaps and areas to improve in the clinical classroom by integrating personal experience and reading of literature as well as existing studies. In the Design phase, the researchers produced the low-fidelity prototype of the application after discussions and planning with the developer based on the proposed hardware and software requirements and a high-fidelity profile prototype followed reviewing and analyzing and then the application was developed. Implementation and Evaluation then followed by determining the usability and the acceptability. The usability questionnaire was derived from the System Usability Scale of Jakob Nielsen, was revised and tested for reliability using Cronbach's Alpha (0.985). The acceptability questionnaire was derived from the Bakuna App Version 2.0 and was revised and tested for reliability using Cronbach's Alpha (0.950). ResultsOut of 23 nurse educators, 21 of them approved of the usability of the application and they agreed that the application is easy to use without the help of a technical person. 18 of them have high acceptability ratings of the application. They agreed that the app helped them in the dissemination of learning materials, instructions, announcements and schedules. They also said that it helped them in updating and preparing the materials needed for the lessons efficiently. According to the nurse educators, the app improved and enhanced clinical performance of the students. Out of 88 student respondents, 85 approved of the usability of the application they also felt confident in using the application and that the app had a bright, clean, uncluttered screen design while 3 of the student respondents were neutral. In the acceptability of the application, 85 student respondents found the app highly acceptable and they agreed that the application helped them in following the time budget given by the nurse educator and helped in enhancing student learning and 3 were neutral. ConclusionWith all the results, the researchers can conclude that the developed application is both acceptable and usable to both nurse educators and student nurses and is therefore an effective tool in improving and enhancing the delivery and quality of Nursing Education and instruction in the clinical classroom." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 3rd International Conference on Healthcare and Allied Sciences (2019). Full-text and the content of it is under responsibility of authors of the article." ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1368 "Ancho" => 3167 "Tamanyo" => 234021 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Sample user interface of the mobile application." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Usability</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Nurse educators</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Nursing students</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequency \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequency \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Agree \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Neutral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Disagree \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2346178.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "The mobile application in terms of usability for nurse educators and nursing students." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Acceptability</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Nurse educators</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Nursing students</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequency \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequency \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Agree \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Neutral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Disagree \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2346179.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "The mobile application in terms of acceptability for nurse educators and nursing students." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:18 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Mobile technology and its use in clinical nursing education: a literature review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S. O’Connor" 1 => "T. Andrews" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3928/01484834-20150218-01" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Nurs Educ" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "54" "paginaInicial" => "137" "paginaFinal" => "144" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25693246" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The design of smart educational environments" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "B. Gros" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Smart Learn Environ [Internet Series]. 2016" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "3" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Impacts of information and communication technologies on nursing care: an overview of systematic reviews" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "G. Rouleau" 1 => "M.P. Gagnon" 2 => "J. Côté" 3 => "J. Payne-Gagnon" 4 => "E. Hudson" 5 => "C.A. Dubois" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2196/18527" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Med. Internet Res." 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To the students, faculty and staff of MSU-IIT, College of Nursing and the College of Computer Science. Also, to the following health institutions and hospitals in Iligan namely the Adventist Medical Center, Gregorio T Lluch Memorial Hospital for the testing of the developed android application." "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/11308621/00000030000000S5/v1_202007240748/S1130862120300449/v1_202007240748/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => null "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/11308621/00000030000000S5/v1_202007240748/S1130862120300449/v1_202007240748/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120300449?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

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Jude D. Positos

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jude.positos@g.msuiit.edu.ph

Corresponding author.

, Allana Louisse A. Abellanosa, Christine Alaiza L. Galgo, Christine Myca B. Tecson, Geraldine S. Ridad, Marjorie M. Tabigue

MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Andres Bonifacio Ave., Tibanga, Iligan City, 9200 Lanao del Norte, Philippines

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nursing education is still mostly rudimentary and paper-based&#46; In the attempt of nursing students to provide quality nursing care&#44; one of the most important resource&#44; time&#44; is spent more on student nurse- nurse educator and it causes an imbalance of the student nurse- patient interaction&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study focuses on the need of nursing students to access accurate information by improving its availability&#46; This study values enhancing nursing student&#39;s clinical contextual knowledge&#44; student-faculty interactions&#44; and innovation&#46; Smartphone apps may be a means for nursing students to use resources for patient safety and evidence-based care&#44; and for nursing educators to share learning resources to the students&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This application&#44; which is referred to as &#8220;Educare&#8221;&#44; can provide tools for nurse educators to send learning materials to students and for students to have easy access to learning materials&#46; It can also enable the Nurse educator to monitor the students during clinical duties&#46; On top of this&#44; educators will be able to add or create duty schedules and invite students to join their respective clinical duty schedules&#46; Students can also send FDAR &#40;Focus&#44; Data&#44; Action&#44; Response&#41; documentation for checking and revising to the instructor&#44; who can then comment on the student&#39;s work real-time through the same app allowing rapid feedback&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Nurse educators can also check the paraphernalia of each student&#44; monitor the vital signs of the patients that the students are handling as well as improved conscious adherence to the clinical duty schedule by setting alarms according the planned time and motion&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The researchers used Android as the platform in the development of the app due to the wide support of smartphone manufacturers for Android and as the researchers observed&#44; there are more student nurses and nurse educators who use Android than any other smartphone operating system&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Before the researchers came up with the decision to use Android for the application&#44; a poll was conducted among the level 4 year and level 3 students in MSU-IIT College of Nursing&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study therefore proposed an application designed to help nurse educators and student nurses in carrying out their activities during clinical duties which would possibly help in promoting high quality care to patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Moreover&#44; this application could also help reduce environmental impact regarding paper usage and waste as it utilizes a paperless environment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> This study identified the need for a useful tool that can be accessible in the clinical setting and provides accurate information to the users&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> This study utilized technology through the development of a mobile application to fill this gap therefore improving the delivery and instruction of Nursing education&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Method</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Research design</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study&#39;s research design is descriptive to determine the demographic profile of the respondents with regards to age&#44; sex&#44; and user&#39;s category and to evaluate the acceptability and usability of the mobile application&#46; In the development of the mobile application&#44; the ADDIE model&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> The analysis&#44; design&#44; and develop phases used a low fidelity to a high-fidelity prototype after discussions with the developer regarding the goals&#44; tools&#44; resources and established plans&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> In the Implementation and Evaluation&#44; the appropriateness of the mobile application was assessed utilizing alpha and beta testing&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Population and study setting</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The analysis&#44; design and development of the mobile application was done in Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology College of Nursing and College of Computer Science&#44; Iligan City due to availability of resources tools and laboratories&#46; The implementation and evaluation of the mobile application was done at Gregorio T&#46; Lluch Memorial Hospital&#44; Adventist Medical Center in Iligan City as these institutions are affiliated with the College of Nursing for the students to have their clinical duties and exposure&#46; There is a total of twenty-three &#40;23&#41; nurse educators and eighty-eight &#40;88&#41; student nurses were purposively chosen as respondents for this study and the study was done in a span of five &#40;5&#41; months&#46; &#40;January&#8211;May 2019&#41; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Variables</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the Analysis phase&#44; the researchers identified and analyzed the problem that they wanted to solve through reading literatures and existing studies related to this study&#46; This is to map the necessary functionalities for the mobile application&#46; The researchers analyzed the gathered data based on the interviews&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In determining the acceptability and usability of the mobile application&#44; there are a total of twenty-three &#40;23&#41; nurse educators and eighty-eight &#40;88&#41; student nurses were purposively chosen as respondents for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Data collection</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These are the phases for data collection&#58; orientation and demonstration&#44; return demonstration&#44; and evaluation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Data analysis</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has two &#40;2&#41; research instruments namely&#44; the usability and acceptability questionnaires&#46; The usability questionnaire was derived from the System Usability Scale of Jakob Nielsen and tested for reliability using Cronbach&#39;s Alpha &#40;0&#46;985&#41; which was revised after considering the design and the goals of the mobile application&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> The questionnaire was composed of three sections&#46; The first section of the questionnaire consisted of the demographic profile of the respondent in terms of age&#44; gender&#44; year level&#44; address and the type of user and followed by the first set of questions to measure the usability of the application&#46; The acceptability questionnaire was derived from the Bakuna App Version 2&#46;0 and was revised and tested for reliability using Cronbach&#39;s Alpha &#40;0&#46;950&#41;&#46; Percentage was then used to determine how student nurses in MSU-IIT&#44; and nursing educators think about the app when it comes to usability and acceptability&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Ethical aspects</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following of ethical protocols were prioritized by the researchers prior and during the data gathering process&#46; A request for approval of the implementation of the study was communicated to the College Research and Ethics Committee &#40;CREC&#41; of the MSU-IIT College of Nursing&#46; An informed consent was also utilized in order to observe ethical considerations from the participants and was form given during the orientation phase&#46; Data privacy is also assured to all participants and they were assured that the data being managed and utilized will be used only to the sole purpose of conducting the study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study from <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows that out of 23 nurse educator respondents&#44; 21 of them and Out of 88 students&#44; 85 of them also agreed that the application is easy to use without the help of a technical person&#46; The results show that they are confident in using the app and that the app had a bright&#44; clean&#44; uncluttered screen design&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the results in terms of acceptability that out of 23 nurse educators&#44; 17 agreed that the app helped them in the easy dissemination of learning materials&#44; instructions&#44; announcements and schedules&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary&#44; the researchers conceptualized the mobile application Educare&#44; and a Developer developed the application&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The app was subjected to alpha testing which was done by the developer and beta testing which was accomplished by the researchers&#46; Questionnaires were subjected to pilot testing and checked using Cronbach&#39;s Alpha to prove its reliability&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> With all the results&#44; the researchers can conclude that the developed application is an acceptable and an effective tool that can be used by nurse educators and student nurses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Funding agency</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None &#40;Personal&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To Design&#44; Develop&#44; and to Test the Educare Application by determining its acceptability and usability as means for improving the quality and delivery nursing education and instruction in the clinical area&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study utilized the ADDIE which includes the Analysis phase in which the researchers identified and analyzed the gaps and areas to improve in the clinical classroom by integrating personal experience and reading of literature as well as existing studies&#46; In the Design phase&#44; the researchers produced the low-fidelity prototype of the application after discussions and planning with the developer based on the proposed hardware and software requirements and a high-fidelity profile prototype followed reviewing and analyzing and then the application was developed&#46; Implementation and Evaluation then followed by determining the usability and the acceptability&#46; The usability questionnaire was derived from the System Usability Scale of Jakob Nielsen&#44; was revised and tested for reliability using Cronbach&#39;s Alpha &#40;0&#46;985&#41;&#46; The acceptability questionnaire was derived from the Bakuna App Version 2&#46;0 and was revised and tested for reliability using Cronbach&#39;s Alpha &#40;0&#46;950&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Out of 23 nurse educators&#44; 21 of them approved of the usability of the application and they agreed that the application is easy to use without the help of a technical person&#46; 18 of them have high acceptability ratings of the application&#46; They agreed that the app helped them in the dissemination of learning materials&#44; instructions&#44; announcements and schedules&#46; They also said that it helped them in updating and preparing the materials needed for the lessons efficiently&#46; According to the nurse educators&#44; the app improved and enhanced clinical performance of the students&#46; Out of 88 student respondents&#44; 85 approved of the usability of the application they also felt confident in using the application and that the app had a bright&#44; clean&#44; uncluttered screen design while 3 of the student respondents were neutral&#46; In the acceptability of the application&#44; 85 student respondents found the app highly acceptable and they agreed that the application helped them in following the time budget given by the nurse educator and helped in enhancing student learning and 3 were neutral&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">With all the results&#44; the researchers can conclude that the developed application is both acceptable and usable to both nurse educators and student nurses and is therefore an effective tool in improving and enhancing the delivery and quality of Nursing Education and instruction in the clinical classroom&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Agree&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Neutral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Disagree&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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              "identificador" => "bib0120"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            2 => "L&#46; Sheets"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/1472-6947-12-31"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                          "etal" => false
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                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
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              "identificador" => "bib0130"
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                          "etal" => false
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              "identificador" => "bib0140"
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
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                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            2 => "P&#46;F&#46; Murphy"
                            3 => "A&#46; Sims"
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
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              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of smartphone-based mobile learning in nursing education&#58; a systematic review and meta-analysis"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;H&#46; Kim"
                            1 => "H&#46; Park"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Asian Nurs Res"
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        "texto" => "<p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors would like to express their heart-felt thanks to the people who participated as respondents of the study who have given out their time effort and resources for this study to become possible&#46; To the students&#44; faculty and staff of MSU-IIT&#44; College of Nursing and the College of Computer Science&#46; Also&#44; to the following health institutions and hospitals in Iligan namely the Adventist Medical Center&#44; Gregorio T Lluch Memorial Hospital for the testing of the developed android application&#46;</p>"
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Article information

ISSN: 11308621
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.016

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