Alarming nutrition problems among adolescent students attending islamic boarding school in Indonesia

array:22 ["pii" => "S1130862120301340" "issn" => "11308621" "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.037" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01" "aid" => "1413" "copyrightAnyo" => "2020" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2020;30 Supl 4:44-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1130862120301352" "issn" => "11308621" "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.038" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01" "aid" => "1414" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U." "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2020;30 Supl 4:48-51" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Food consumption and household income of pregnant and lactating women" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "48" "paginaFinal" => "51" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Rahayu Nurul Reski, Reski Pebriani, St. Nur Azizah, Hasan Basri, Veni Hadju" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rahayu Nurul" "apellidos" => "Reski" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Reski" "apellidos" => "Pebriani" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "St. Nur" "apellidos" => "Azizah" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Hasan" "apellidos" => "Basri" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Veni" "apellidos" => "Hadju" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120301352?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/11308621/00000030000000S4/v1_202006120735/S1130862120301352/v1_202006120735/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1130862120301339" "issn" => "11308621" "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.036" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01" "aid" => "1412" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U." "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2020;30 Supl 4:39-43" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "The relationship between organizing and leadership style and the quality improvement of primary healthcare services" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "39" "paginaFinal" => "43" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Muhammad Tahir, Ridwan Amiruddin, Sukri Palutturi, Fridawati Rivai, Lalu Muhammad Saleh" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Muhammad" "apellidos" => "Tahir" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ridwan" "apellidos" => "Amiruddin" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sukri" "apellidos" => "Palutturi" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fridawati" "apellidos" => "Rivai" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Lalu Muhammad" "apellidos" => "Saleh" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120301339?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/11308621/00000030000000S4/v1_202006120735/S1130862120301339/v1_202006120735/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Alarming nutrition problems among adolescent students attending islamic boarding school in Indonesia" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "44" "paginaFinal" => "47" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Rahayu Indriasari, Nurrahma Sri Fitayani, Marini Amalia Mansur, Asriyani Tunru" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Rahayu" "apellidos" => "Indriasari" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "rindriasari@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Nurrahma Sri" "apellidos" => "Fitayani" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Marini Amalia" "apellidos" => "Mansur" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Asriyani" "apellidos" => "Tunru" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Palopo Muhammadiyah University, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1033 "Ancho" => 1501 "Tamanyo" => 51998 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Nutritional status defined by Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ)." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionNutritional status during adolescence determines quality of nutritional and health status in adults. Malnutrition in adolescents, such as overweight and underweight as well as micronutrient deficiencies, is a serious problem that requires urgent attention since it can affect growth and development in adolescents.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">1</a> Nutrition Global Report (2018) records that in 2016 there is 16.2 million (5.7%) adolescents in the world suffering underweight.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">2</a> On the other hand, an increase trend of obesity is recorded from 2000 to 2016, with 3.8% increase in boys and 2.6% in girls.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">2</a> Studies that conducted in seven African countries detect double burden malnutrition to cause high mortality rate among adolescents.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">3</a> Prevalence of obesity among adolescents in Asian countries, generally accounted for 9.1%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">2</a>Indonesia also experiences double burden malnutrition due to nutrition transition, affecting its adolescent population. In 2018, RISKESDAS reported prevalence of severe underweight and underweight among 13–15 year old adolescents was 1.9% and 6.8%, respectively, prevalence of overweight and obesity was 11.2% and 4.8% respectively. Severe stunting in this age group was 7.2% and stunting was 18.5%. Among the 16–18 years old group, the prevalence of severe underweight and underweight was 1.4% and 6.7%, respectively, prevalence of overweight and obesity was 9.5% and 4.0% respectively. Severe stunting in this age group was 4.5% and stunting was 22.4%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">4</a>There are changes in prevalences of nutritional problem among adolescents in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia based on report of RISKESDAS in 2013 and 2018. The prevalence of stunting decreased in 13–15 age group (severe stunting 10.9% vs. 6.2% and stunting 24.8% vs. 22.1%). The same was true for underweight prevalence (severe underweight 3.8% vs. 2.4% and underweight 10.6% vs. 7.5%) However, there was a slightly increased in rate of overweight from 6.8% to 8.1% and in obesity rate from 2.4% to 3.1%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070">4,5</a> One major contributor of malnutrition in adolescents is inadequate nutrient intake. Indonesian government has developed nutrition guidelines as a reference for Indonesian people to achieve balanced nutrition in preventing malnutrition and related health problems, including specific guidelines for adolescents, however, previous studies reported that knowledge, attitude, and practices of adolescents regarding balanced nutrition are still inadequate.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">6</a>Previous research indicates that school is one of the best potential platforms to implement nutrition programme targeting children and adolescents to improve their nutritional status.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">7</a> In fact, there is a dearth of school-based nutrition programme for adolescents has been implemented nationally in Indonesia. This could be due to limited data available regarding nutritional status of adolescents students, particularly in specific setting such as boarding school. More data is required to inform formulation of nutrition intervention and programme that targeting adolescents in school. Therefore, this study aimed to assess nutritional status of adolescent students residing in an Islamic boarding school, as well as to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices of the adolescents regarding balanced nutrition guidelines.MethodDescriptive study was undertaken in an Islamic Boarding School, at Bantaeng Regency in South Sulawesi Province. Data collection was conducted during November 2017 among total of 199 exhaustively selected students registered in grade 7th and provided consent to participate in the survey. Anthropometrics measurements, comprising measurement of height and weight, were undertaken by trained fieldworkers with nutrition educational background. Nutritional status was determined using BMI-for-age Z-score (BAZ) and Height-for-Age Z-score (HAZ) indicators. Individual was categorized as severe underweight (BAZ<−3), underweight (BAZ=−3 to <−2), normal (BAZ=−2 to 2), or overweight (BAZ>2SD). The student was also categorized as severe stunted (HAZ<−3), stunted (HAZ=−3 to <−2), normal (HAZ=−2SD to 2), or tall (HAZ>2).Self-administered questionnaires were delivered to the students to obtain information on general characteristics of respondents, knowledge, attitude, and practices relevant to the Indonesian Dietary Guidelines for Balanced Nutrition (PGS). Knowledge measurement consisted of 10 questions regarding the messages containing in PGS with multiple choice answers. Correct answer was scored one and else was scored zero. Knowledge was regarded as sufficient if total score ≥80% correct answer and vice versa. There were ten items to measure attitude towards PGS with four-point Likert scale responses ranged from strongly disagree (score 1) to strongly agree (score 4), attitude was categorized as favourable (total score ≥30) and unfavourable (total score <30). Practise that implementing PGS was measured with 7 items with responses ranged from never to everyday/everytime and scored 0–3. Practice was considered “good implemented” if total score ≥14 and “less implemented” if total score <14.ResultsRespondents characteristicsThe respondents consisted of 55.8% girls and 44.2% boys, with age groups 11–13 years old (50.8%) and 14–16 years old (49.2%). Majority of respondent's father (66.8%) and mother (66.3%) completed high schooling. Most of respondent's mother (80%) was unemployed and only 1% of respondent's father was unemployed. Parent's job is that all mothers do not work and only one mother works as a labourer and worker (0.5%). Fathers generally work as farmers (30.7%) and entrepreneurs (31.2%), around 19% working as government officials.Nutritional statusThere was about 30% of adolescents had nutrition problem (4% severe underweight and 20.1% underweight adolescents, 5.5% overweight) and the rest was normal according to BAZ indicator. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a> shows that in general, underweight was the main problem either in girls or boys, but the prevalence of this problem among adolescent girls was slightly lower than among the boys. Overweight problem was emerging with equal rate in boys and in girls.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Based on the HAZ indicator, there was about 24% of adolescents being stunted (2.5% severe stunting and 21.6% stunting) and 54% of these were boys. Stunting rate was greater in adolescent girls (25%) than in boys (23.4%) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Further assessment of nutritional status was undertaken using combination of two indicators, HAZ and BAZ. In general, there was 25% (12 out of 48) students were stunted – underweight, the proportion was greater in boys (83%) than girls (17%). <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> provides detail proportion of stunting-underweight and stunting-overweight status by gender. Among 4 boys who where severely stunted, 25% was underweight and from 22 stunted boys, 40.9% was underweight. There was one severely stunted-underweight girl, one stunted-underweight girl, and one stunted-overweight girl.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> describes level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of adolescents regarding the Indonesian Dietary Guidelines for balanced nutrition. The result shows that majority of adolescents (99%) had insufficient knowledge regarding balanced nutrition since they answered correctly less than 80% of the questions. Interestingly, their attitude towards the guidelines was mostly favourable (78%). Despite this positive attitude, the implementation of the guidelines is still low since only 33% of adolescents had good implemented the recommended practices.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionThe results of the present study indicate that nutrition problems exist in adolescents attending boarding school. The problems were not merely undernutrition but also low nutrition knowledge and insufficient practices according to balanced nutrition guidelines. Overnutrition was emerging that potentially creates double burden nutrition problem in this particular sub-population.Although majority of adolescents’ nutritional status was normal, the rate of stunting and underweight were alarming since almost one quarter of the sample was either stunted or underweight. The stunting prevalence in this present study is slightly lower than the prevalence in South Sulawesi Province and Indonesia. The rate of underweight in the present study is much greater than the provincial and national rates. Other studies among boarding school students in other region of Indonesia, reported smaller or comparable prevalence of underweight, however stunting rate was not determined.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">8</a> Stunting adolescents in this present study indicate a chronic nutrition problem that occurred since the subjects’ previous childhood years or even from infancy period.Malnutrition problem among school-aged children, including adolescents, is a serious problem to be managed since it leads to low academic performance of the students as a results from the students becoming weak, tired, sick, low school attendance, and difficult to follow the lesson from school.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">9</a> One possible cause of malnutrition in schoolchildren, more importantly those attending boarding school, is less provision of good quality nutritious food at school. Schoolchildren including adolescents rely on foods available in the school canteen or catering service for most hours of the school day. However, food service at Indonesian school and boarding-school's canteen often cannot fulfil the nutritional needs of the students.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">9</a> In this present study, the adolescents students are mostly rely on foods that available at the school and they have limited access to foods from out of school.The present study shows that despite positive attitude towards balanced nutrition among the adolescents, level of knowledge regarding balanced nutrition was still low. Along with low knowledge, the practise of balanced nutrition concept was still insufficient. Changes in knowledge and practices are urgently required to prevent more severe nutrition problem among the students. Insufficient knowledge regarding good nutrition and healthy eating can affect eating habits of adolescents then resulted in malnutrition, as previous study observed a positive association between nutrition knowledge and nutritional status in adolescents.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">10</a>Conclusion and implicationThis study indicates that adolescents attending boarding school were vulnerable to experience malnutrition problems, inadequate nutrition knowledge and inappropriate balanced nutrition practice. This is call for more attention and action at school-based setting to improve the students nutritional status.Conflict of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1347562" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1240057" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Respondents characteristics" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Nutritional status" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice" ] ] ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Conclusion and implication" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack466663" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-10-02" "fechaAceptado" => "2019-10-17" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1240057" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Adolescents" 1 => "Boarding school" 2 => "Stunting" 3 => "Underweight" 4 => "Nutrition knowledge" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess nutrition status, nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice of students residing in an Islamic boarding school in Indonesia. MethodsWeight and height measurements were undertaken among 199 students. Self-administered questionnaires consisted of socio-demographic questions, as well as pre-tested questions concerning knowledge, attitude, and practice relevant to the Indonesian Dietary Guideline (balanced nutrition) were distributed. Descriptive analyses were undertaken to observe distributions of proportion of each nutritional status category by other measured variables. ResultsThere were 24% underweight and 5% overweight students, with proportion of boys was greater than girls. The prevalence of stunting was 24% with more than half were boys. 12 out of 48 underweight students were stunted and one girl was stunted-and-overweight. 99% of students had insufficient knowledge regarding balanced nutrition, 21.6% had unfavourable attitude towards balanced nutrition, and 67% had less implemented practices of balanced nutrition. ConclusionsStunting, underweight, and problems in nutrition knowledge and practice, were quite high among adolescent students in this particular setting. Improvement of nutrition for this particular group of adolescent should be addressed through specific school-based nutrition education and intervention." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 1st International Conference on Nutrition and Public Health (ICNPH 2019). Full-text and the content of it is under responsibility of authors of the article." ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1174 "Ancho" => 1926 "Tamanyo" => 68741 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Nutritional status defined by BMI-for-age Z-score (BAZ)." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1033 "Ancho" => 1501 "Tamanyo" => 51998 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Nutritional status defined by Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ)." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Gender</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Nutritional status</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">BAZ</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Severe under-weight \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Under-weight \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Normal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Overweight \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Boys</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">HAZ</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Severe stunting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (25.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (75.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (100%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Stunting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (40.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 (59.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 (100%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Normal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (4.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 (17.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60 (70.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (7.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">85 (100%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Girls</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Severe stunting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (100%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (100%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Stunting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (4.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 (90.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (4.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21 (100%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Normal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (6.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 (19.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45 (68.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (6.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">66 (100%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2312274.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Nutritional status based on HAZ and BAZ indicators." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Knowledge</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sufficient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Insufficient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">197 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">99.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Attitude</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Favourable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">156 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">78.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Unfavourable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Practice</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Good implemented \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">32.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Less implemented \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">134 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">67.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2312273.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Knowledge, attitude, and practice relevant to Indonesian dietary guidelines." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Trends in obesity, overweight, and malnutrition among children and adolescents in Shenyang, China in 2010 and 2014: a multiple cross-sectional study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "L. Zhai" 1 => "Y. Dong" 2 => "Y. Bai" 3 => "W. Wei" 4 => "L. Jia" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/s12889-016-3954-4" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Public Health" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "17" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "7" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28049454" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Global nutrition report" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "World Health Organization" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:2 [ "fecha" => "2018" "editorial" => "WHO" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The prevalence of underweight overweight, obesity and associated risk factors among school-going adolescents in seven African countries" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "T. Manyanga" 1 => "H. El-sayed" 2 => "D.T. Doku" 3 => "J.R. Randall" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2458-14-1" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Public Health" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "11" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24383435" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia" ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:2 [ "fecha" => "2018" "editorial" => "Laporan Riskesdas" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Riskesdas Dalam Angka" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "R.I. Kemenkes" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:1 [ "fecha" => "2013" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Do Indonesians follow its Dietary Guidelines? – evidence related to food consumption, healthy lifestyle, and nutritional status within the period 2000–2010" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A. Usfar" 1 => "U. Fahmida" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Asia Pac J Clin Nutr" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "484" "paginaFinal" => "494" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21859671" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among urban school children and adolescents in Bangladesh: a case-control study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.U. Bhuiyan" 1 => "S. Zaman" 2 => "T. Ahmed" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Pediatr" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "72" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Nutritional status and anemia in islamic boarding school adolescent in Kediri City East Java Indonesia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Ali" 1 => "A. Yudhana" 2 => "M.S. Dwianggimawati" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Indones J Nutr Epidemiol Reprod" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "173" "paginaFinal" => "176" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The Effect of School Lunch Program (SLP) towards nutrition knowledge, attitude, practices and nutrition status of adolescents in Islamic Boarding School Indonesia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "Department of Community Nutrition IPB" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:2 [ "fecha" => "2017" "editorial" => "Institut Pertanian Bogor" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Asosiasi Kompetensi Tentang Pedoman Gizi Seimbang dengan Status Indeks Massa Tubuh Remaja Putri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Ishlah Bulusan Kota Semarang" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "F. Febrinsa" 1 => "I. Widajanti" 2 => "S. Fatimah" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Kesehat Masy" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "46" "paginaFinal" => "54" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack466663" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" "texto" => "This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors." "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/11308621/00000030000000S4/v1_202006120735/S1130862120301340/v1_202006120735/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => null "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/11308621/00000030000000S4/v1_202006120735/S1130862120301340/v1_202006120735/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120301340?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

Statistics

Rahayu Indriasaria,

Corresponding author

rindriasari@gmail.com

Corresponding author.

, Nurrahma Sri Fitayania, Marini Amalia Mansura, Asriyani Tunrub

a Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia

b Palopo Muhammadiyah University, Indonesia

Read

Times
was read the article

Total PDF

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:22 [
  "pii" => "S1130862120301340"
  "issn" => "11308621"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.037"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01"
  "aid" => "1413"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2020"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2020;30 Supl 4:44-7"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1130862120301352"
    "issn" => "11308621"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.038"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01"
    "aid" => "1414"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46;"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2020;30 Supl 4:48-51"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Food consumption and household income of pregnant and lactating women"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "48"
          "paginaFinal" => "51"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Rahayu Nurul Reski, Reski Pebriani, St&#46; Nur Azizah, Hasan Basri, Veni Hadju"
          "autores" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Rahayu Nurul"
              "apellidos" => "Reski"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Reski"
              "apellidos" => "Pebriani"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "St&#46; Nur"
              "apellidos" => "Azizah"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Hasan"
              "apellidos" => "Basri"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Veni"
              "apellidos" => "Hadju"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120301352?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/11308621/00000030000000S4/v1_202006120735/S1130862120301352/v1_202006120735/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1130862120301339"
    "issn" => "11308621"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.036"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-06-01"
    "aid" => "1412"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46;"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2020;30 Supl 4:39-43"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "The relationship between organizing and leadership style and the quality improvement of primary healthcare services"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "39"
          "paginaFinal" => "43"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Muhammad Tahir, Ridwan Amiruddin, Sukri Palutturi, Fridawati Rivai, Lalu Muhammad Saleh"
          "autores" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Muhammad"
              "apellidos" => "Tahir"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ridwan"
              "apellidos" => "Amiruddin"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Sukri"
              "apellidos" => "Palutturi"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Fridawati"
              "apellidos" => "Rivai"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Lalu Muhammad"
              "apellidos" => "Saleh"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120301339?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/11308621/00000030000000S4/v1_202006120735/S1130862120301339/v1_202006120735/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Alarming nutrition problems among adolescent students attending islamic boarding school in Indonesia"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "44"
        "paginaFinal" => "47"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Rahayu Indriasari, Nurrahma Sri Fitayani, Marini Amalia Mansur, Asriyani Tunru"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Rahayu"
            "apellidos" => "Indriasari"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "rindriasari@gmail.com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Nurrahma Sri"
            "apellidos" => "Fitayani"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Marini Amalia"
            "apellidos" => "Mansur"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Asriyani"
            "apellidos" => "Tunru"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Department of Nutrition&#44; Faculty of Public Health&#44; Hasanuddin University&#44; Indonesia"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Palopo Muhammadiyah University&#44; Indonesia"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1033
            "Ancho" => 1501
            "Tamanyo" => 51998
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nutritional status defined by Height-for-age <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span>-score &#40;HAZ&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nutritional status during adolescence determines quality of nutritional and health status in adults&#46; Malnutrition in adolescents&#44; such as overweight and underweight as well as micronutrient deficiencies&#44; is a serious problem that requires urgent attention since it can affect growth and development in adolescents&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Nutrition Global Report &#40;2018&#41; records that in 2016 there is 16&#46;2 million &#40;5&#46;7&#37;&#41; adolescents in the world suffering underweight&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> On the other hand&#44; an increase trend of obesity is recorded from 2000 to 2016&#44; with 3&#46;8&#37; increase in boys and 2&#46;6&#37; in girls&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Studies that conducted in seven African countries detect double burden malnutrition to cause high mortality rate among adolescents&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Prevalence of obesity among adolescents in Asian countries&#44; generally accounted for 9&#46;1&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Indonesia also experiences double burden malnutrition due to nutrition transition&#44; affecting its adolescent population&#46; In 2018&#44; RISKESDAS reported prevalence of severe underweight and underweight among 13&#8211;15 year old adolescents was 1&#46;9&#37; and 6&#46;8&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; prevalence of overweight and obesity was 11&#46;2&#37; and 4&#46;8&#37; respectively&#46; Severe stunting in this age group was 7&#46;2&#37; and stunting was 18&#46;5&#37;&#46; Among the 16&#8211;18 years old group&#44; the prevalence of severe underweight and underweight was 1&#46;4&#37; and 6&#46;7&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; prevalence of overweight and obesity was 9&#46;5&#37; and 4&#46;0&#37; respectively&#46; Severe stunting in this age group was 4&#46;5&#37; and stunting was 22&#46;4&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are changes in prevalences of nutritional problem among adolescents in South Sulawesi Province&#44; Indonesia based on report of RISKESDAS in 2013 and 2018&#46; The prevalence of stunting decreased in 13&#8211;15 age group &#40;severe stunting 10&#46;9&#37; vs&#46; 6&#46;2&#37; and stunting 24&#46;8&#37; vs&#46; 22&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; The same was true for underweight prevalence &#40;severe underweight 3&#46;8&#37; vs&#46; 2&#46;4&#37; and underweight 10&#46;6&#37; vs&#46; 7&#46;5&#37;&#41; However&#44; there was a slightly increased in rate of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">overweight</span> from 6&#46;8&#37; to 8&#46;1&#37; and in obesity rate from 2&#46;4&#37; to 3&#46;1&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> One major contributor of malnutrition in adolescents is inadequate nutrient intake&#46; Indonesian government has developed nutrition guidelines as a reference for Indonesian people to achieve balanced nutrition in preventing malnutrition and related health problems&#44; including specific guidelines for adolescents&#44; however&#44; previous studies reported that knowledge&#44; attitude&#44; and practices of adolescents regarding balanced nutrition are still inadequate&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Previous research indicates that school is one of the best potential platforms to implement nutrition programme targeting children and adolescents to improve their nutritional status&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> In fact&#44; there is a dearth of school-based nutrition programme for adolescents has been implemented nationally in Indonesia&#46; This could be due to limited data available regarding nutritional status of adolescents students&#44; particularly in specific setting such as boarding school&#46; More data is required to inform formulation of nutrition intervention and programme that targeting adolescents in school&#46; Therefore&#44; this study aimed to assess nutritional status of adolescent students residing in an Islamic boarding school&#44; as well as to assess knowledge&#44; attitude&#44; and practices of the adolescents regarding balanced nutrition guidelines&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Method</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive study was undertaken in an Islamic Boarding School&#44; at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bantaeng</span> Regency in South Sulawesi Province&#46; Data collection was conducted during November 2017 among total of 199 exhaustively selected students registered in grade 7<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> and provided consent to participate in the survey&#46; Anthropometrics measurements&#44; comprising measurement of height and weight&#44; were undertaken by trained fieldworkers with nutrition educational background&#46; Nutritional status was determined using BMI-for-age <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span>-score &#40;BAZ&#41; and Height-for-Age <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span>-score &#40;HAZ&#41; indicators&#46; Individual was categorized as severe underweight &#40;BAZ<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;3&#41;&#44; underweight &#40;BAZ<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;3 to &#60;&#8722;2&#41;&#44; normal &#40;BAZ<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;2 to 2&#41;&#44; or overweight &#40;BAZ<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2SD&#41;&#46; The student was also categorized as severe stunted &#40;HAZ<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;3&#41;&#44; stunted &#40;HAZ<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;3 to &#60;&#8722;2&#41;&#44; normal &#40;HAZ<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;2SD to 2&#41;&#44; or tall &#40;HAZ<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Self-administered questionnaires were delivered to the students to obtain information on general characteristics of respondents&#44; knowledge&#44; attitude&#44; and practices relevant to the Indonesian Dietary Guidelines for Balanced Nutrition &#40;PGS&#41;&#46; Knowledge measurement consisted of 10 questions regarding the messages containing in PGS with multiple choice answers&#46; Correct answer was scored one and else was scored zero&#46; Knowledge was regarded as sufficient if total score &#8805;80&#37; correct answer and vice versa&#46; There were ten items to measure attitude towards PGS with four-point Likert scale responses ranged from strongly disagree &#40;score 1&#41; to strongly agree &#40;score 4&#41;&#44; attitude was categorized as favourable &#40;total score &#8805;30&#41; and unfavourable &#40;total score &#60;30&#41;&#46; Practise that implementing PGS was measured with 7 items with responses ranged from never to everyday&#47;everytime and scored 0&#8211;3&#46; Practice was considered &#8220;good implemented&#8221; if total score &#8805;14 and &#8220;less implemented&#8221; if total score &#60;14&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Respondents characteristics</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The respondents consisted of 55&#46;8&#37; girls and 44&#46;2&#37; boys&#44; with age groups 11&#8211;13 years old &#40;50&#46;8&#37;&#41; and 14&#8211;16 years old &#40;49&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Majority of respondent&#39;s father &#40;66&#46;8&#37;&#41; and mother &#40;66&#46;3&#37;&#41; completed high schooling&#46; Most of respondent&#39;s mother &#40;80&#37;&#41; was unemployed and only 1&#37; of respondent&#39;s father was unemployed&#46; Parent&#39;s job is that all mothers do not work and only one mother works as a labourer and worker &#40;0&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; Fathers generally work as farmers &#40;30&#46;7&#37;&#41; and entrepreneurs &#40;31&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; around 19&#37; working as government officials&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Nutritional status</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There was about 30&#37; of adolescents had nutrition problem &#40;4&#37; severe underweight and 20&#46;1&#37; underweight adolescents&#44; 5&#46;5&#37; overweight&#41; and the rest was normal according to BAZ indicator&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> shows that in general&#44; underweight was the main problem either in girls or boys&#44; but the prevalence of this problem among adolescent girls was slightly lower than among the boys&#46; Overweight problem was emerging with equal rate in boys and in girls&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the HAZ indicator&#44; there was about 24&#37; of adolescents being stunted &#40;2&#46;5&#37; severe stunting and 21&#46;6&#37; stunting&#41; and 54&#37; of these were boys&#46; Stunting rate was greater in adolescent girls &#40;25&#37;&#41; than in boys &#40;23&#46;4&#37;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Further assessment of nutritional status was undertaken using combination of two indicators&#44; HAZ and BAZ&#46; In general&#44; there was 25&#37; &#40;12 out of 48&#41; students were stunted &#8211; underweight&#44; the proportion was greater in boys &#40;83&#37;&#41; than girls &#40;17&#37;&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> provides detail proportion of stunting-underweight and stunting-overweight status by gender&#46; Among 4 boys who where severely stunted&#44; 25&#37; was underweight and from 22 stunted boys&#44; 40&#46;9&#37; was underweight&#46; There was one severely stunted-underweight girl&#44; one stunted-underweight girl&#44; and one stunted-overweight girl&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Nutrition knowledge&#44; attitude&#44; and practice</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> describes level of knowledge&#44; attitude&#44; and practice of adolescents regarding the Indonesian Dietary Guidelines for balanced nutrition&#46; The result shows that majority of adolescents &#40;99&#37;&#41; had insufficient knowledge regarding balanced nutrition since they answered correctly less than 80&#37; of the questions&#46; Interestingly&#44; their attitude towards the guidelines was mostly favourable &#40;78&#37;&#41;&#46; Despite this positive attitude&#44; the implementation of the guidelines is still low since only 33&#37; of adolescents had good implemented the recommended practices&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Discussion</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of the present study indicate that nutrition problems exist in adolescents attending boarding school&#46; The problems were not merely undernutrition but also low nutrition knowledge and insufficient practices according to balanced nutrition guidelines&#46; Overnutrition was emerging that potentially creates double burden nutrition problem in this particular sub-population&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although majority of adolescents&#8217; nutritional status was normal&#44; the rate of stunting and underweight were alarming since almost one quarter of the sample was either stunted or underweight&#46; The stunting prevalence in this present study is slightly lower than the prevalence in South Sulawesi Province and Indonesia&#46; The rate of underweight in the present study is much greater than the provincial and national rates&#46; Other studies among boarding school students in other region of Indonesia&#44; reported smaller or comparable prevalence of underweight&#44; however stunting rate was not determined&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Stunting adolescents in this present study indicate a chronic nutrition problem that occurred since the subjects&#8217; previous childhood years or even from infancy period&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Malnutrition problem among school-aged children&#44; including adolescents&#44; is a serious problem to be managed since it leads to low academic performance of the students as a results from the students becoming weak&#44; tired&#44; sick&#44; low school attendance&#44; and difficult to follow the lesson from school&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> One possible cause of malnutrition in schoolchildren&#44; more importantly those attending boarding school&#44; is less provision of good quality nutritious food at school&#46; Schoolchildren including adolescents rely on foods available in the school canteen or catering service for most hours of the school day&#46; However&#44; food service at Indonesian school and boarding-school&#39;s canteen often cannot fulfil the nutritional needs of the students&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In this present study&#44; the adolescents students are mostly rely on foods that available at the school and they have limited access to foods from out of school&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study shows that despite positive attitude towards balanced nutrition among the adolescents&#44; level of knowledge regarding balanced nutrition was still low&#46; Along with low knowledge&#44; the practise of balanced nutrition concept was still insufficient&#46; Changes in knowledge and practices are urgently required to prevent more severe nutrition problem among the students&#46; Insufficient knowledge regarding good nutrition and healthy eating can affect eating habits of adolescents then resulted in malnutrition&#44; as previous study observed a positive association between nutrition knowledge and nutritional status in adolescents&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Conclusion and implication</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study indicates that adolescents attending boarding school were vulnerable to experience malnutrition problems&#44; inadequate nutrition knowledge and inappropriate balanced nutrition practice&#46; This is call for more attention and action at school-based setting to improve the students nutritional status&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:10 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1347562"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Objective"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Methods"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Results"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Conclusions"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1240057"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Method"
        ]
        4 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Results"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Respondents characteristics"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Nutritional status"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Nutrition knowledge&#44; attitude&#44; and practice"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Conclusion and implication"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack466663"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgements"
        ]
        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2019-10-02"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2019-10-17"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1240057"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Adolescents"
            1 => "Boarding school"
            2 => "Stunting"
            3 => "Underweight"
            4 => "Nutrition knowledge"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study aimed to assess nutrition status&#44; nutrition knowledge&#44; attitude&#44; and practice of students residing in an Islamic boarding school in Indonesia&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Weight and height measurements were undertaken among 199 students&#46; Self-administered questionnaires consisted of socio-demographic questions&#44; as well as pre-tested questions concerning knowledge&#44; attitude&#44; and practice relevant to the Indonesian Dietary Guideline &#40;balanced nutrition&#41; were distributed&#46; Descriptive analyses were undertaken to observe distributions of proportion of each nutritional status category by other measured variables&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There were 24&#37; underweight and 5&#37; overweight students&#44; with proportion of boys was greater than girls&#46; The prevalence of stunting was 24&#37; with more than half were boys&#46; 12 out of 48 underweight students were stunted and one girl was stunted-and-overweight&#46; 99&#37; of students had insufficient knowledge regarding balanced nutrition&#44; 21&#46;6&#37; had unfavourable attitude towards balanced nutrition&#44; and 67&#37; had less implemented practices of balanced nutrition&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Stunting&#44; underweight&#44; and problems in nutrition knowledge and practice&#44; were quite high among adolescent students in this particular setting&#46; Improvement of nutrition for this particular group of adolescent should be addressed through specific school-based nutrition education and intervention&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 1st International Conference on Nutrition and Public Health &#40;ICNPH 2019&#41;&#46; Full-text and the content of it is under responsibility of authors of the article&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1174
            "Ancho" => 1926
            "Tamanyo" => 68741
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nutritional status defined by BMI-for-age <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span>-score &#40;BAZ&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1033
            "Ancho" => 1501
            "Tamanyo" => 51998
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nutritional status defined by Height-for-age <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Z</span>-score &#40;HAZ&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Gender</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Nutritional status</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">BAZ</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Severe under-weight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Under-weight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Overweight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Boys</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HAZ</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Severe stunting&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;25&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;75&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Stunting&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;40&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;59&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;4&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;17&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60 &#40;70&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;7&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Girls</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Severe stunting&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Stunting&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;4&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;90&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;4&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;6&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;19&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;68&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;6&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">66 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2312274.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nutritional status based on HAZ and BAZ indicators&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Knowledge</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sufficient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Insufficient&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">197&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Attitude</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Favourable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">156&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">78&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Unfavourable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Practice</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Good implemented&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Less implemented&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">134&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">67&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2312273.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Knowledge&#44; attitude&#44; and practice relevant to Indonesian dietary guidelines&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Trends in obesity&#44; overweight&#44; and malnutrition among children and adolescents in Shenyang&#44; China in 2010 and 2014&#58; a multiple cross-sectional study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Zhai"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Dong"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Bai"
                            3 => "W&#46; Wei"
                            4 => "L&#46; Jia"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/s12889-016-3954-4"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Public Health"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "7"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28049454"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Global nutrition report"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "World Health Organization"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:2 [
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "editorial" => "WHO"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The prevalence of underweight overweight&#44; obesity and associated risk factors among school-going adolescents in seven African countries"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Manyanga"
                            1 => "H&#46; El-sayed"
                            2 => "D&#46;T&#46; Doku"
                            3 => "J&#46;R&#46; Randall"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2458-14-1"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Public Health"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "11"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24383435"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "titulo" => "Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia"
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:2 [
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "editorial" => "Laporan Riskesdas"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Riskesdas Dalam Angka"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46;I&#46; Kemenkes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:1 [
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Do Indonesians follow its Dietary Guidelines&#63; &#8211; evidence related to food consumption&#44; healthy lifestyle&#44; and nutritional status within the period 2000&#8211;2010"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Usfar"
                            1 => "U&#46; Fahmida"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "484"
                        "paginaFinal" => "494"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21859671"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among urban school children and adolescents in Bangladesh&#58; a case-control study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;U&#46; Bhuiyan"
                            1 => "S&#46; Zaman"
                            2 => "T&#46; Ahmed"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "72"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nutritional status and anemia in islamic boarding school adolescent in Kediri City East Java Indonesia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Ali"
                            1 => "A&#46; Yudhana"
                            2 => "M&#46;S&#46; Dwianggimawati"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Indones J Nutr Epidemiol Reprod"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "173"
                        "paginaFinal" => "176"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The Effect of School Lunch Program &#40;SLP&#41; towards nutrition knowledge&#44; attitude&#44; practices and nutrition status of adolescents in Islamic Boarding School Indonesia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Department of Community Nutrition IPB"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:2 [
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "editorial" => "Institut Pertanian Bogor"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Asosiasi Kompetensi Tentang Pedoman Gizi Seimbang dengan Status Indeks Massa Tubuh Remaja Putri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Ishlah Bulusan Kota Semarang"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Febrinsa"
                            1 => "I&#46; Widajanti"
                            2 => "S&#46; Fatimah"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Kesehat Masy"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "46"
                        "paginaFinal" => "54"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "agradecimientos" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "identificador" => "xack466663"
        "titulo" => "Acknowledgements"
        "texto" => "<p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public&#44; commercial&#44; or not-for-profit sectors&#46;</p>"
        "vista" => "all"
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/11308621/00000030000000S4/v1_202006120735/S1130862120301340/v1_202006120735/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => null
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/11308621/00000030000000S4/v1_202006120735/S1130862120301340/v1_202006120735/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120301340?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]