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Therapy SEFT for controlling the level of depression in people with HIV and AIDS
M. Ardana,
Corresponding author
ardan0410@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Andi Zulkiflia, Nurhaedar Jafarb
a Epidemiology Department, Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
b Nutrition Study Program, Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome &#40;AIDS&#41; is one of the most frightening diseases in the world&#44; caused Human Immunodeficiency Virus &#40;HIV&#41;&#46; As long as this virus enters the body&#44; it continues to develop with various processes&#46; Indonesia has not been indicated in stopping the rate of spread of HIV and AIDS&#44; January&#8211;June 2018 there were 21&#44;336 HIV infections and AIDS were 6162 cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The government&#44; researcher and all stakeholder should pay attention on this large number of cases&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Samarinda City is city with highest cumulative HIV and AIDS cases in East Kalimantan&#46; Every year HIV and AIDS cases tends to increase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Other than that stigma of HIV and AIDS is psychosocial problem that affects many aspects of the lives of sufferers&#46; The higher stigma received&#44; the lower quality of life&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> Family attitudes and respondents&#8217; perceptions of PLWHA are factors that influence interaction stigma against PLWHA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Depression is a mood disorder that affects the way a person feels&#44; thinks&#44; or behave&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> in 2018 province of East Kalimantan prevalence population experiencing depression around 6&#46;2&#37; people with mental disorders weighing 1&#46;4 million&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> And SEFT is one of the innovative counseling techniques&#46; Purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an effect of Spiritual and Emotional Freedom Technique on controlling depression levels in PLWHA in Samarinda&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Location and design of research</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was conducted in Samarinda City&#44; East Kalimantan Province&#46; This study used a quasi experimental design with a nonrandomized one group pretest posttest design&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Population and samples</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The population were all PLWHA in the city of Samarinda&#46; Sample of 16 PLWHA was selected by purposive sampling who had met the inclusion criteria&#44; PLHIV who were of productive age &#40;18&#8211;45 years&#41;&#44; diagnosed HIV positive<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5 years&#44; were taking antiretroviral drugs &#40;ARV&#41;&#44; were able to communicate well&#44; had no visual impairments and hearing loss&#44; registering in the city of Samarinda&#44; experiencing depression&#44; and willing to sign an informed consent issued by the Ethics Committee of the Hasanuddin University Faculty of Public Health&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Screening is carried out by trained field officers and using a pre-tested questionnaire&#46; Data on host factors &#40;age&#44; sex&#44; education&#44; alcohol consumption habits&#44; drug consumption habits&#41;&#44; agent factor &#40;CD4 count&#41;&#44; psychosocial factor &#40;loss of social role in the community&#44; loss of friends or relatives&#41;&#44; psychological factor &#40;family environment&#44; place of residence&#41;&#44; psychodynamic factor &#40;guilt&#41;&#44; physical factor &#40;decreased health&#41;&#44; depression level measured by the Beck Depression Inventory questionnaire&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Spiritual and Emotional Freedom Technique interventions are carried out 3 times with a span of 5&#8211;7 days then first posttest after 1 intervention&#44; second posttest after 3 interventions and 1 follow-up week after the third intervention&#46; Data is processed using SPSS 24&#46;0 to assess effect of SEFT interventions on controlling depression levels in PLWHA &#40;paired <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-tests&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Results</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data showed that the most PLHIV are between 26 and 35 years &#40;50&#37;&#41; and 25&#37; of experience moderate depression&#44; respondents was dominated men &#40;62&#46;5&#37;&#41; with moderate depression &#40;31&#46;3&#37;&#41; while women &#40;37&#46;5&#37;&#41; with borderline depression limits 18&#46;8&#37;&#46; The length of time diagnosed with HIV is 56&#46;3&#37; is &#60;35 months including moderate depression 25&#37;&#46; The number of CD4 cells in PLWHA was mostly<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>600<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cells&#47;MCL &#40;43&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; which meant that the respondent&#39;s immune system was still good but there were 25&#37; of respondents who had CD4 cells<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cells&#47;MCL &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most PLWHA graduated from high school &#40;75&#37;&#41;&#44; while marital status of married PLWHA tend to experience borderline depression levels and unmarried PLWHA tend to experience depression each 25&#37;&#46; About 75&#37; of PLWHA live with family but have a tendency for depression ranging from mild mood disorders to moderate depression &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After SEFT first intervention 1 in the moderate depression category decreased to 12&#46;4&#37; while the borderline border category and mild mood disorders increased to 43&#46;8&#37;&#46; Then after 3 interventions&#44; it was found that there were no people living with HIV who were depressed in the category of moderate borderline and depression&#44; but PLWHA who experienced mild mood disorders increased to 68&#46;8&#37; and the normal category increased to 31&#46;2&#37;&#46; One week after the third intervention was carried out posttest follow-up&#44; it was found that PLWHA who experienced mood disorders were 25&#37; and normal as much as 75&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Analysis for first posttest&#44; the second posttest and follow-up posttest did not find respondents who experienced an increase in depression scores &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Average score difference and standard deviation before SEFT intervention &#40;19&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;5&#41; and after the first intervention &#40;17&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;8&#41; with a change of &#40;1&#46;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;68&#41; then after intervention to three &#40;11&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;7&#41; with change of &#40;8&#46;18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;58&#41; and when followed up &#40;9&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;6&#41; with a change of &#40;10&#46;06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;73&#41;&#46; The results of the statistical tests were obtained at the first posttest &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; the second posttest and the follow-up respectively &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;000&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Discussion</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It appears that there is an influence of spiritual therapy and emotional freedom techniques on controlling the level of depression in people with HIV and AIDS&#46; In line with this study Astuti stated that there was a significant difference in the rate of depression of housewives with HIV after SEFT interventions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Kasih showed there is an effect of SEFT therapy on changes in depression scores in PLWHA at Sungai Bangkong Mental Hospital&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> The decrease in cortisol levels in the EFT group reflects the observed increase in psychological stress&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Sulistyariniand Sunardi stated that SEFT therapy had an effect on systolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> So that SEFT Therapy can be recommended&#44; one of the complementary therapies in providing nursing care to PLWHA who are depressed&#46; In addition&#44; Bakara<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> stated that cognitive behaviors of religious behavior have an effect in reducing anxiety about death in people with HIV and AIDS&#44; while Halm states that there are significant differences before and after SEFT intervention&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Religion can have a significant impact on human life&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Compliance with the religious values of health workers and religious leaders has a role in preventing and reducing HIV transmission&#46; Practice religious teachings&#44; besides being able to provide therapeutic nature curative&#44; he also has preventive aspects of mental or mental disorders&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In line with the research stating that intervention ability cognitive behavior therapy to produce a good effect in adult patients further giving rise some optimism is related to psychological treatment to deal with anxiety disorder&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;18</span></a> This SEFT combination therapy process effectively stimulates PLWHA to be relaxed and self-reliant to control themselves&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conclusions</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It can be concluded that spiritual therapy and emotional freedom technique can control the level of depression in PLWHA&#44; accompanied by that&#44; continuous and consistent administration of SEFT therapy can reduce depression levels which are getting better&#46; Health workers and facilitators of HIV and AIDS are advised implement SEFT therapy in an effort to increase the confidence and enthusiasm of PLWHA with non-pharmacological therapy&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study aims to assess the effect of SEFT combination therapy on controlling depression levels in PLWHA&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The design of this study used a quasi-experimental method with a nonrandomized one group pretest posttest design&#46; Samples taken by purposive sampling were 16 ODHA and analyzed dependent <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Respondents&#8217; characteristics of the two research groups with male sex were 62&#46;5&#37;&#44; female 37&#46;5&#37;&#44; average age 26&#8211;35 years 50&#46;0&#37; and education level of high school graduates&#46; There was a decrease in the average score of depression before and after the SEFT intervention with the value of each <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;000 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;000&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Peer Damping groups are expected to provide support&#44; motivation and assistance as well as being able to actively provide SEFT therapy to be able to control the level of depression in PLWHA as a non-pharmacological therapy effort&#46;</p></span>"
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        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 1st International Conference on Nutrition and Public Health &#40;ICNPH 2019&#41;&#46; Full-text and the content of it is under responsibility of authors of the article&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of respondents by percentage of scores of depressions of PLWHA&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Characteristics of respondents&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Depression level &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Light mood disorders&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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ISSN: 11308621
Original language: English
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