Maternal depression and factors predicting depressive symptoms in adolescents in Bali, Indonesia
Putu Ayu Emmy Savitri Karina,c,
, Nopporn Vongsirimasb,
, Wimolnun Putdivarnichapongb, Atittaya Pornchaikate Au Yeongb
Corresponding author
Corresponding author
a Master of Nursing Student, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Thailand
b Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Thailand
c Division of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Indonesia
Read
2
Timeswas read the article
0
Total PDF
2
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:23 [ "pii" => "S1130862120304587" "issn" => "11308621" "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.07.009" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-12-01" "aid" => "1664" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U.. All rights reserved" "copyrightAnyo" => "2020" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2020;30 Supl 7:42-6" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1130862120304599" "issn" => "11308621" "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.07.010" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-12-01" "aid" => "1665" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U." "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2020;30 Supl 7:47-51" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Comparative study on patient satisfaction on healthcare service delivery in selected private and government hospitals" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "47" "paginaFinal" => "51" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Christian Jay S. Orte, Regie A. Bautista, Carlo Bryan Borrico, Junefaith Elese C. Neo, Aristotle M. Parico, Mary Ann S. De Dios" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Christian Jay S." "apellidos" => "Orte" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Regie A." "apellidos" => "Bautista" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carlo Bryan" "apellidos" => "Borrico" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Junefaith Elese C." "apellidos" => "Neo" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Aristotle M." "apellidos" => "Parico" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mary Ann S. De" "apellidos" => "Dios" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120304599?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/11308621/00000030000000S7/v1_202012250829/S1130862120304599/v1_202012250829/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1130862120304575" "issn" => "11308621" "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.07.008" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-12-01" "aid" => "1663" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U." "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2020;30 Supl 7:38-41" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Coping with menopause – Measures that women can take" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "38" "paginaFinal" => "41" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Carlo Bryan C. Borrico, Corazon C. Borrico, Leonardo P. Borrico" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carlo Bryan C." "apellidos" => "Borrico" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Corazon C." "apellidos" => "Borrico" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Leonardo P." "apellidos" => "Borrico" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120304575?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/11308621/00000030000000S7/v1_202012250829/S1130862120304575/v1_202012250829/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:17 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Maternal depression and factors predicting depressive symptoms in adolescents in Bali, Indonesia" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "42" "paginaFinal" => "46" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Putu Ayu Emmy Savitri Karin, Nopporn Vongsirimas, Wimolnun Putdivarnichapong, Atittaya Pornchaikate Au Yeong" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Putu Ayu Emmy Savitri" "apellidos" => "Karin" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "emmykarin@unud.ac.id" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Nopporn" "apellidos" => "Vongsirimas" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "nopporn.von@mahidol.edu" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Wimolnun" "apellidos" => "Putdivarnichapong" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Atittaya" "apellidos" => "Pornchaikate Au Yeong" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Master of Nursing Student, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Thailand" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Thailand" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Division of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Depression has become a mental health issue that continues to increase globally. Evidence shows that the number of people living with depression increased by 18.4% from 2005 to 2015, and currently 322 million people worldwide are living with depression.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> One of the most vulnerable populations at risk of having depression is adolescents. However, there is still a lack of empirical data on depression in some countries, particularly data on depression among children and adolescents.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> One study which collected data from the Indonesia National Family Life Survey reported that 22% of adolescents aged 15–19 years in Indonesia had moderate depression and 7.2% of adolescents had severe depression.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> These data may be used to estimate the prevalence and to help estimate the burden of disease among adolescents. However, the actual prevalence and burden of disease are probably worse than what the estimates suggest.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is reported that depression has become one of the leading causes of disability among adolescents.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,4</span></a> Depression in adolescents can negatively impact their memory, learning, interpersonal relationship, and social function.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> If it is not treated well, it will lead to self-harm and risk of suicide.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,6</span></a> Considering these impacts, identifying the predictive factors of depression among adolescents is essentially important as a crucial step to reduce the rate of preventable death among adolescents. To address this issue, several studies have been conducted to identify factors that can predict depression among adolescents, such as mothers’ depressive symptoms,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7–11</span></a> maternal parenting,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12–14</span></a> perceived life stress,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15,16</span></a> coping strategies,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,17,18</span></a> and resilience.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16,19,20</span></a> Even though many studies have been conducted to identify predicting factors of depression among adolescents, the incidence of depression among adolescents is still increasing.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Transactional Model of Stress and Coping Theory by Lazarus and Folkman has been used to understand stress and depression among adolescents.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> This theory proposes that stress is a result of a transaction between an individual and the environment. It has concepts, including cognitive appraisal, coping responses, available resources, and adaptation outcomes. Hence, consistent with The Transactional Model of Stress and Coping Theory,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> the present study examines the influence of cognitive appraisal (mothers’ depressive symptoms, perceived maternal parenting and perceived life stress), coping strategies (coping strategies), and available resources (resilience) on adolescents’ depressive symptoms.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However, studies regarding all variables included in the present study are limited in Indonesia, particularly in Bali. Some studies only reported the relationships between variables and depressive symptoms in adolescents.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22–24</span></a> Meanwhile, one study reported the predicting factors of parenting and stress contributing toward depressive symptoms in adolescents in Indonesia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Yet, this study did not mention the theory used as a guidance in their study. Moreover, no study has considered and included mothers’ depressive symptoms as a risk factor for depressive symptoms in adolescents in Bali. Considering these gaps in literatures, the present study aimed to investigate the predictive power of mothers’ depressive symptoms, perceived maternal parenting, perceived life stress, coping strategies, and resilience on depressive symptoms in adolescents in Bali, Indonesia.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study was a descriptive correlational study with a cross-sectional design. The simple random sampling technique was used to choose one school as a representative from eight public high schools in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Then, the disproportionate simple random sampling technique was used to recruit adolescents from the three grades. Adolescents living with their biological mothers and their mothers who were able to read and write in the Indonesian language were recruited in the study. Meanwhile, adolescents and mothers self-reportedly having a mental illness or a chronic and serious physical illness were excluded. A power analysis was used to estimate the sample size in the present study. Hence, an adequate sample size of 235 was obtained. However, considering the low response rate in a previous study,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> 500 pairs of instruments were distributed to adolescents and mothers. Finally, 243 pairs of adolescent and mother remained and were included as a sample.</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Instruments</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There were six instruments used with a total of 146 items for the adolescents and 34 items for the mothers. The demographic data form was developed by the researchers. Meanwhile, the rest of the tools used in the present study were standardized instruments and had been translated into Indonesian. The instruments were as follows: (1) The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> which was used to measure depressive symptoms in the adolescents and mothers. The Cronbach's alpha for the adolescents and mothers were .87 and .85 respectively; (2) The Parental Bonding Instruments (PBI),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> which was used to measure perceived maternal parenting in the adolescents. The Cronbach's alpha of the instrument in the present study was .70; (3) The Negative Event Scale (NES),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> which was used to measure perceived life stress in the adolescents. The Cronbach's alpha of the instrument in the present study was .93; (4) The 28-item Brief COPE Inventory (Brief COPE),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> which was used to measure the adolescents’ coping strategies when confronted with difficult or stressful events. The Cronbach's alpha of the instrument in the present study was .80; (5) The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> which was used to measure resilience in the adolescents. The Cronbach's alpha of the instrument in the present study was .86.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Procedures</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study had obtained the approval of the ethics committee of the university (COA No. IRB-NS2018/60.0211). A participant information sheet was also provided to inform the participants that their confidentiality would be maintained and that they voluntarily filled out the questionnaires. The process involved giving a pair of instrument packages for the adolescents and for their mothers to fill out at home. The package for the mothers also included an information sheet, assent and consent forms. All of the packages were brought back to the school on the next day and returned to the researchers. The data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 18 for Windows. Then, multiple regression by using the enter method was performed to test the predictive power of predictors on depressive symptoms in adolescents.</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Results</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Characteristics of adolescents</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The findings showed that the adolescents participating in the study were mostly aged 16 years (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16.43, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.08). Largely, the sample in this study was female (64.20%), the religion and ethnicity of the adolescents were predominantly Hindu (86.01%) and Balinese (85.60%), and the highest percentage of the respondents was in grade 10 (45.27%).</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Characteristics of variables</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results revealed that 41.15% of the adolescents had depressive symptoms. The total score for perceived maternal parenting ranged from 5 to 53, with a mean of 20.36 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.95). The total score for perceived life stress ranged from 0 to125, with a considerably low mean of 36.84 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24.56). Its ten sub-scales of perceived life stress ranged from 0 to 25, with a mean ranging from .95 to 7.91 and the standard deviation ranging from 1.72 to 5.36. However, looking at the means of the average scores, problem with academic limitation and problem with courses were reported as having the highest means of the average scores (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.67, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.12; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.59, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.07). Meanwhile, problem with teachers had the lowest mean of the average scores (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.40, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.70). In addition, the total score for coping strategies ranged from 31 to 94, with a mean of 70.99 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8.59), and the total score for resilience ranged from 4 to 40, with a mean of 25.93 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6.39).</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Bivariate analysis</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding intercorrelations, mothers’ depressive symptoms, perceived maternal parenting, perceived life stress, and coping strategies each had a significant positive correlation with adolescents’ depressive symptoms (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.203, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.151, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.019; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.505, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.163, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.011, respectively). Meanwhile, resilience had a significant negative correlation with adolescents’ depressive symptoms (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>−.404, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05).</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Multivariate analysis</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results indicated that five predictors could explain 40.8% of the variance in depressive symptoms among adolescents (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.408, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32.611, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05). Five predictors including mothers’ depressive symptoms (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.107, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.036), perceived maternal parenting (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.102, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.044), perceived life stress (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.378, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05), coping strategies (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.196, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05), and resilience (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>−.366, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05) had significant effects on depressive symptoms in adolescents. Perceived life stress was the strongest predictor among all predictors indicating a significant positive effect of .378 on adolescents’ depressive symptoms (see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Discussion</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study aimed to investigate the predictive power of mothers’ depressive symptoms, perceived maternal parenting, perceived life stress, coping strategies, and resilience on adolescents’ depressive symptoms in Bali, Indonesia. From the present study, the mothers’ depressive symptoms significantly predict depressive symptoms in the adolescents. Prior studies supported the results of the present study. Literatures revealed that mothers’ depressive symptoms could predict depressive symptoms in adolescents.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,11</span></a> It might be explained that apart from genetic transmission, mothers with depressive symptoms were more likely to have difficulties to build a healthy relationship with their adolescents. This finally can disrupt the mother-child interaction. The mothers’ negative behavior could be the source of stress for adolescents. If adolescents in Bali are continuously exposed to mothers with depressive symptoms, some of them may perceive this as stress and at a certain level can increase their risk of having depressive symptoms.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Perceived maternal parenting also had a significant influence on the adolescents’ depressive symptoms. This result was consistent with a previous study conducted in Thailand which reported that perceived maternal parenting had a significant positive effect on adolescents’ depressive symptoms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> This indicates that the more mothers show a lack of care and overprotection, the more adolescents develop depressive symptoms. Mothers were mostly perceived as overprotective by the adolescents in Bali, it can be assumed that adolescents probably felt restricted and limited by their mothers and were not given enough opportunity to improve. Overprotective mothers tend to control and highly supervise their adolescents, which may make adolescents in Bali feel confined. This can finally lead to distress for adolescents in Bali and contribute to the development of their depressive symptoms.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Besides the perceived maternal parenting, adolescents also face life stress from their environment. As presented in the current study, perceived life stress had a significant influence on the adolescents’ depressive symptoms. This finding was consistent with a previous study which reported that perceived life stress had a significant positive effect on adolescents’ depressive symptoms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,15,16</span></a> This indicates that adolescents in Bali experience some type of stressors in day-to-day-living that can contribute to the development of depressive symptoms. Apart from adolescents’ responsiveness toward stress since their brain and limbic systems have not fully matured yet, the continuous exposure to some type of stressors mostly experienced by the adolescents in Bali, such as problems with academic limitation and courses, also heightened the chance of having depressive symptoms.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since adolescents face many challenging life stresses from their environment, they need to adapt with the situations. It is essential to understand how adolescents in Bali mostly respond to stress. In the present study, the coping strategies variable had a positively significant influence on the adolescents’ depressive symptoms. This means that adolescents in Bali currently use coping strategies that significantly affect the development of their depressive symptoms. This finding is in congruence with a previous study conducted in the United States which reported that coping strategies could predict depressive symptoms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17,31</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After appraising the available resources, as mentioned above, adolescents will use the resources to cope with the situations. One of the available resources for coping with stressful situations is resilience. This resource refers to a characteristic adopted by adolescents to help themselves face adversities. It is presented in this study that resilience had a significant influence on the adolescents’ depressive symptoms. This finding is in congruence with a previous study that also proved that resilience significantly predicted adolescents’ depressive symptoms in the negative direction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16,20,32</span></a> Adolescents in Bali have a medium level of resilience which makes some of them become resilient toward the problems that they face. However, adolescents in Bali still need to make an effort to increase their level of resilience so that they have a lower chance of developing symptoms of depression.</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclusion</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of this study supported the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping Theory. Thus, the applicability of the theory to maternal depressive symptoms and factors predicting adolescents’ depressive symptoms appears to be validated by the findings of this study. This evidence can guide psychiatric-mental health nurses within the community, specifically in school setting, to early detect depressive symptoms in adolescents. Psychiatric-mental health nurses should assist teachers at school to have the ability to assess and identify adolescents with depressed mothers. Moreover, it can be assumed that 59.2% of depressive symptoms among adolescents in Bali are influenced by other factors. Therefore, nurses may conduct further investigations regarding the contribution of these other factors to adolescents’ depressive symptoms.</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1441030" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Purpose" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Design" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Main finding" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions and recommendation" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1315174" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Instruments" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Procedures" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Characteristics of adolescents" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Characteristics of variables" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Bivariate analysis" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Multivariate analysis" ] ] ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 8 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2020-05-12" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-07-15" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1315174" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Maternal depression" 1 => "Depressive symptoms" 2 => "Adolescents" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Purpose</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study was conducted to investigate the predictive power of mothers’ depressive symptoms, perceived maternal parenting, perceived life stress, coping strategies, and resilience on adolescents’ depressive symptoms in Bali, Indonesia. The Transactional Model of Stress and Coping Theory was used to guide the conceptual framework.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Design</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study used a descriptive, correlational predictive design.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 243 adolescents aged 15–19 years from a public school in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, and their mothers were recruited. A demographic data form, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Negative Event Scale (NES), the Brief COPE Inventory (Brief COPE), and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to measure the variables in this study. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and multiple regression.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Main finding</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mothers’ depressive symptoms, perceived maternal parenting, perceived life stress, coping strategies, and resilience could explain 40.8% of the variance in depressive symptoms in adolescents (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.408, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32.61, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05). Perceived life stress (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>−.366, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05) was the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms in Balinese adolescents.</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusions and recommendation</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The results of this study can guide nurses to understand what could be manipulated by nursing interventions to prevent depressive symptoms in adolescents and promote optimal mental health in the vulnerable population.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Purpose" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Design" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Main finding" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions and recommendation" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Nursing Research Conference of Udayana University. Full-text and the content of it is under responsibility of authors of the article.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.638, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.408, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32.611, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">S.E.<span class="elsevierStyleInf">b</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">β</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(Constant) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.947 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.751 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.041 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.299 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mothers depressive symptoms \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.728 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1294 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.107 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.107 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.036 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Perceived maternal parenting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.156 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.077 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.102 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.029 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.044 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Perceived life stress \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.163 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.023 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.378 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.099 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Coping strategies \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.242 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.066 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.196 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.635 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Resilience \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−.607 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.090 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−.366 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−6.759 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2478742.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Multiple regressions of five variables in adolescents’ depressive symptoms.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:32 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "World Health Organization. Depression and other common mental disorders. Global health estimates; 2017. Available from: <a target="_blank" href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254610/WHO-MSD-MER-2017.2-eng.pdf">http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254610/WHO-MSD-MER-2017.2-eng.pdf</a> [cited 20.06.18]." ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "UNICEF Data. Adolescent mental health; 2019. Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-health/mental-health/">https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-health/mental-health/</a> [cited 21.06.18]." ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "High prevalence of depressive symptoms in a national sample of adults in Indonesia: childhood adversity, sociodemographic factors and health risk behaviour" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "K. Peltzer" 1 => "S. Pengpid" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajp.2018.03.017" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Asian J Psychiatr" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "52" "paginaFinal" => "59" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29529418" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "World Health Organization. Adolescent mental health; 2018. Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health">https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health</a> [cited 20.06.18]." ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Depression among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005–2012" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "Y. Wang" 1 => "J.M.S. Lopez" 2 => "S.C. Bolge" 3 => "V.J. Zhu" 4 => "P.E. Stang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/s12888-016-0800-2" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "88" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27044315" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Explaining risk for suicidal ideation in adolescent offspring of mothers with depression" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "G. Hammerton" 1 => "S. Zammit" 2 => "A. Thapar" 3 => "S. Collishaw" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1017/S0033291715001671" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Psychol Med" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "46" "paginaInicial" => "265" "paginaFinal" => "275" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26303275" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The relative impact of maternal depression and associated risk factors on offspring psychopathology" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "E.D. Barker" 1 => "W. Copeland" 2 => "B. Maughan" 3 => "S.R. Jaffee" 4 => "R. Uher" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1192/bjp.bp.111.092346" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "200" "paginaInicial" => "124" "paginaFinal" => "129" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22241929" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Severity chronicity, and timing of maternal depression and risk for adolescent offspring diagnoses in a community sample" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "C. Hammen" 1 => "P.A. Brennan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/archpsyc.60.3.253" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Gen Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "60" "paginaInicial" => "253" "paginaFinal" => "258" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12622658" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0205" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Executive function, coping, and depressive symptoms in adolescent offspring of depressed and non-depressed mothers" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.M. Howe" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:1 [ "fecha" => "2017" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0210" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Relationship among maternal depressive symptoms, gender differences and depressive symptoms in Thai adolescents" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "N. Vongsirimas" 1 => "Y. Sitthimongkol" 2 => "L. Beeber" 3 => "N. Wiratchai" 4 => "S. Sangon" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "PRIJNR" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "181" "paginaFinal" => "198" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0215" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pathways from maternal depressive symptoms to adolescent depressive symptoms: the unique contribution of irritability symptoms" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "Y.M. Whelan" 1 => "E. Leibenluft" 2 => "A. Stringaris" 3 => "E.D. Barker" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/jcpp.12395" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Child Psychol Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "56" "paginaInicial" => "1092" "paginaFinal" => "1100" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25665134" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0220" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Parental and individual predictors of trajectories of depressive symptoms in Chilean adolescents" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "P. Cumsille" 1 => "M.L. Martínez" 2 => "V. Rodríguez" 3 => "N. Darling" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijchp.2015.06.001" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Clin Health Psychol" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "208" "paginaFinal" => "216" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30487838" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0225" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Concurrent and longitudinal effects of maternal and paternal warmth on depression symptoms in children and adolescents" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "V. del Barrio" 1 => "F.P. Holgado-Tello" 2 => "M.A. Carrasco" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatry Res" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "242" "paginaInicial" => "75" "paginaFinal" => "81" ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0230" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Parental bonding and adolescents’ depressive and anxious symptoms in Pakistan" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Khalid" 1 => "F. Qadir" 2 => "S.W.Y. Chan" 3 => "M. Schwannauer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.050" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Affect Disord" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "228" "paginaInicial" => "60" "paginaFinal" => "67" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29232565" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0235" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence of depression among Indonesia high school adolescents" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M. Damaiyanti" 1 => "S. Rungreangkulkij" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "NSH" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "132" "paginaFinal" => "145" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0240" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The association between stress, resilience, and emotional symptoms in Norwegian adolescents from 13 to 18 years old" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "U.K. Moksnes" 1 => "M. Lazarewicz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1177/1359105316687630" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Health Psychol" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "24" "paginaInicial" => "1093" "paginaFinal" => "1102" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28810383" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0245" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Coping, negative cognitive style and depressive symptoms in children of depressed parents" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.P. Dunbar" 1 => "L. McKee" 2 => "A. Rakow" 3 => "K.H. Watson" 4 => "R. Forehand" 5 => "B.E. Compas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cognit Ther Res" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "18" "paginaFinal" => "28" ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0250" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Coping with having a depressed mother: the role of stress and coping in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysfunction in girls at familial risk for major depression" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L.C. Foland-Ross" 1 => "K. Kircanski" 2 => "I.H. Gotlib" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1017/S0954579414001102" "Revista" => array:8 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dev Psychopathol" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "26" "numero" => "Pt 2" "paginaInicial" => "1401" "paginaFinal" => "1409" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25422969" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1470204516304910" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "14702045" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0255" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Adolescent stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression: resilience explains and differentiates the relationships" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "F. Anyan" 1 => "O. Hjemdal" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.031" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Affect Disord" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "203" "paginaInicial" => "213" "paginaFinal" => "220" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27310100" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0260" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Moderating and mediating effects of resilience between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in Chinese children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H. Ding" 1 => "J. Han" 2 => "M. Zhang" 3 => "K. Wang" 4 => "J. Gong" 5 => "S. Yang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.056" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Affect Disord" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "211" "paginaInicial" => "130" "paginaFinal" => "135" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28110160" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0265" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Stress, appraisal and coping" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R.S. Lazarus" 1 => "S. Folkman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "1984" "editorial" => "Springer Pub. Co." "editorialLocalizacion" => "New York" ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0270" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalensi depresi dan gambaran stressor psikososial pada remaja sekolah menengah umum di wilayah kota madya Malang" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "H. Asmika" 1 => "N. Handayani" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "24" ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0275" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan tingkat depresi remaja di SMK 10 November Semarang" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "Y. Safitri" 1 => "E. Hidayati" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "11" "paginaFinal" => "16" ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0280" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Mental health problems in Indonesian children: a review study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "F. Saputra" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Psychiatry Ment Health" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "5" ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0285" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Risk and protective factors for depression that adolescents can modify: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "K.E. Cairns" 1 => "M.B. Yap" 2 => "P.D. Pilkington" 3 => "A.F. Jorm" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.006" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Affect Disord" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "169" "paginaInicial" => "61" "paginaFinal" => "75" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25154536" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0290" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "L.S. Radloff" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Appl Psychol Meas" "fecha" => "1977" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "385" "paginaFinal" => "401" ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0295" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A parental bonding instrument" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "G. Parker" 1 => "H. Tupling" 2 => "L.B. Brown" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.2044-8260.2012.02041.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Clin Psychol" "fecha" => "1979" "volumen" => "52" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "10" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23398108" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0300" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The negative event scale: measuring frequency and intensity of adult hassles" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "D.J. Maybery" 1 => "J. Neale" 2 => "A. Arentz" 3 => "J. Jones-Ellis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anxiety Stress Coping" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "163" "paginaFinal" => "176" ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0305" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "You want to measure coping but your protocol's too long: consider the brief COPE" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "C.S. Carver" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Behav Med" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "92" "paginaFinal" => "100" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16250744" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0310" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "K.M. Connor" 1 => "J.R. Davidson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/da.10113" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Depress Anxiety" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "76" "paginaFinal" => "82" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12964174" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0315" "etiqueta" => "31" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Psychological maltreatment coping strategies, and mental health problems: a brief and effective measure of psychological maltreatment in adolescents" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "G. Arslan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.03.023" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Child Abuse Negl" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "68" "paginaInicial" => "96" "paginaFinal" => "106" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28427000" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0320" "etiqueta" => "32" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resilience and depressive symptomatology in adolescents: the moderator effect of psychosocial functioning" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "L. Pereira" 1 => "A.P. Matos" 2 => "M.R. Pinheiro" 3 => "J.J. Costa" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.15405/epsbs.2016.07.02.7" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "EpSBS" "fecha" => "2016" "paginaInicial" => "72" "paginaFinal" => "86" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/11308621/00000030000000S7/v1_202012250829/S1130862120304587/v1_202012250829/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => null "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/11308621/00000030000000S7/v1_202012250829/S1130862120304587/v1_202012250829/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120304587?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2021 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
