The impact of digital era: Intensity of excessive use of gadget causing eating difficulty on children

array:22 ["pii" => "S1130862120305027" "issn" => "11308621" "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.10.005" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-04-01" "aid" => "1691" "copyrightAnyo" => "2020" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2021;31 Supl 2:S6-S9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1130862120305039" "issn" => "11308621" "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.10.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-04-01" "aid" => "1692" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U." "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2021;31 Supl 2:S10-S15" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Effects of music therapy on physiological outcomes for post-operative total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "S10" "paginaFinal" => "S15" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 3125 "Ancho" => 2152 "Tamanyo" => 621226 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Data collection flowchart." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Aishairma Aris, Suliza Sulaiman, Muhammad Kamil Che Hasan" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Aishairma" "apellidos" => "Aris" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Suliza" "apellidos" => "Sulaiman" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Muhammad Kamil" "apellidos" => "Che Hasan" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120305039?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/11308621/00000031000000S2/v2_202104141019/S1130862120305039/v2_202104141019/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:17 [ "pii" => "S1130862120305015" "issn" => "11308621" "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.10.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-04-01" "aid" => "1690" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2021;31 Supl 2:S1-S5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "The effect of therapeutic group and problem-solving therapy on developmental aspects of adolescents in drug misuse prevention" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "S1" "paginaFinal" => "S5" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Mutia Rahmah, Budi Anna Keliat, Ice Yulia Wardani" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mutia" "apellidos" => "Rahmah" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Budi Anna" "apellidos" => "Keliat" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ice Yulia" "apellidos" => "Wardani" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120305015?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/11308621/00000031000000S2/v2_202104141019/S1130862120305015/v2_202104141019/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:18 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "The impact of digital era: Intensity of excessive use of gadget causing eating difficulty on children" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "S6" "paginaFinal" => "S9" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Ade Yohana, Sigit Mulyono" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ade" "apellidos" => "Yohana" ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Sigit" "apellidos" => "Mulyono" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "sigit@ui.ac.id" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Faculty of Nursing Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionSchool-aged children are a group of having a risk of experiencing eating difficulties, namely selective behiavior of food, refusing food, being not interested in eating new food, and rejecting to eat, or being not want to swallow food.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">1</a> A research in Singapore reported that there was 49.6% phenomenon of eating difficulty for children aged 1–10 years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">2</a> However, in Indonesia, there is not yet any statistic data that records eating difficulty of children.The efforts of overcoming eating difficulty need good approaches to its intervention, one of which is to overcome risk factors, both internal and external factors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">3</a> Internal factor includes genetic combination of parents experiencing eating difficulty,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">4</a> history of not exclusively breast fed,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">3</a> decreasing growth speed,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">5</a> symptom of losing appetite,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">6</a> tendency of liking certain kinds of food, hungry sensation regulation being continuously put off, and lack of knowledge on food preference.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">1</a> While, external factor includes family knowledge level,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">4</a> upbringing pattern,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">4</a> snacks eating behavior,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">4</a> eating behavior,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115">3,4</a> and economic status,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">5</a> risky behavior of children having no awareness,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105">1,3</a> minimum control to any stimulant from environment,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">5</a> etc.Using gadgets in excessive intensity can become one of the risk factors of experiencing eating difficulty behavior for children as an impact of the present digital era. The newest longitudinal study in 2019 on a study of gadget media exposure of children from 1997 to 2014 shows that the intensity of gadget exposure has increased every year about 5.12h/day for children aged 3–8 years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">7</a> It contradicts to the intensity of gadget use recommended, namely less than 1 up to 2hours a day.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140">8,9</a> Furthermore, based on the study result from 51,500 respondents in 33 countries by the Mobile Consumer Survey in 2017, 70% of children respondents aged 9–18 years use gadget during eating time, putting off eating, even forgetting their eating time.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120">4,10</a> Thus, the excessive use of gadgets will definitely influence such a bad eating control that indirectly has a risk of experiencing eating difficulty.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">11</a>There is not yet any study on the eating difficulty and gadget whereas both might be positively related. In addition to a gap between theory where a child consumes food in accordance with its quantity, quality, and variety by age with reality, researcher has tested the relation between gadget use intensity and eating difficulty behavior for school-aged children.MethodThis research used is cross-sectional design involving 215 mothers with children aged 6–12 years in State Primary School 08 of Tegal Alur, West Jakarta, Indonesia. The participants were selected by using proportionate stratified random sampling. The demographic consists of age of children using gadget for the first time and the type of gadget. Gadget use intensity as independent variable was measured with the gadget use intensity questionnaire based on gadget usage intensity's reference for children developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140">8,9</a> The instrument was stated valid (Pearson correlation=0.653–0.859) and reliable (Cronbach's alpha=0.853–0.908). The instrument comprised question related to intensity and frequency of children uses gadget. Then, it was categorized as high intensity if >2h/day and low intensity if <2h/day.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">8</a> While eating difficulty behavior as dependent variable was measured with Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">12</a> The instrument composed of 5 dimensions, namely satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, food fussiness, food responsiveness, and enjoyment of food completed with the dimension showing that eating behavior can be influenced by gadget use, such as delaying eating time or forgetting to eat.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">13</a> It was stated valid (Pearson correlation=0.394–0.803) and reliable (Cronbach's aplha=0.67–0.91). Chi-square testing was applied to identify the relationship between gadget use intensity and eating difficulty behavior. To be eligible for this study, the instruments were given to parents with a consideration that school-aged children are not yet able to take into account related to their eating behavior. Ethical approval for all aspects of the study was granted by the Research Ethic Faculty of Nursing Universitas Indonesia with a letter number: 163/UN2.F12.D/HKP.02.04/2019.ResultsThe results showed that at average children start using gadget for the first time when they were 7 years old (see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl1">Table 1</a>). Besides, surprisingly, some children start using gadget since they were 1 year old. As shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>, children using gadget in high intensity were more experiencing eating difficulty behavior than children using gadget in low intensity and vice versa. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between gadget use intensity and eating difficulty behavior for children of school age (P=0.009). Children using gadget in high intensity had an opportunity of 2.145 times higher than those using gadget in low intensity in experiencing eating difficulty (see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl1"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionEating difficulty behavior in this present study is found more on children using gadget in high intensity than children with low intensity. This in line with the research on 1557 children in China found that duration and intensity of using gadget tend to be higher on children about 3–6h/day.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">14</a> It can be concluded that among the respondents have a problem of high intensity of using gadget especially when compared to the restriction of gadget use for maximum 2h/day. Ironically, majority of children in this study start using gadget for the first time in high intensity up to 2–8hours a day when they were 7 years old, moreover when 1 years old. It is consistent with a study of children aged 1–3 years exposed to gadget causing lateness of oral motoric capacity to learn and texture, which becomes one of factors causing eating difficulty. The lesser children's experience of food taste and texture, the lesser level of acceptance to try new food.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">15</a> Based on the recommendation from education experts, the ideal age to introduce gadget to children for the first time is over six years old. This is because children under six years old brains have not yet grown and developed to learn the function of gadget, therefore the under six years old children tend to like games.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">11</a>The analysis also found that there is a significant relationship between the intensity of gadget use and eating difficulty with opportunity of 2.145 times higher to have eating difficulty on children using gadget with high intensity. These findings are also in line with a study on the impact of gadget use for 3398 children in Canada, which found that there is a significant relationship between gadget use and decrease in quality of food input.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">16</a> This correlation can be explained with several theories. Firstly, school age children development theory. The emotional development causes eating difficulty. The parents's enforcement or pressure to eat can influence their psychology and mood, such as refuse to eat.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105">1,4,5</a> This is consistent with a study on 343 children aged 6–12 years in Saad Bin Moath proved that the user of gadget with bad behavior is higher than the user with good behavior if their gadget is taken.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">11</a> The excessive use of gadget causing children's eating difficulty is also based on their moral development, namely conventional period in which children start to know the rule and order.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">5</a> This is also consistent with the theory of relation of parents and children. A study revealed that children using gadget excessively can decrease the factors of parent–child interaction, namely parent's response to emotion, rule, order, interest, habit, change, and behavior shown by children. Children using gadget excessively will be busy with gadget itself, as a result they do not pay any attention to parents and vice versa.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">17</a> If they experience a deficit of stimulus against rule and order, for example, a limitation of time in playing gadget, then they will think that using gadget excessively is not wrong and does not directly impact their day-to-day activities, such as eating activities.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">5</a>Secondly, a theory of hungry feeling delay states that children tend to show external cue, namely a hungry feeling arising if there is external influence or signal from food, such as delicious taste or interesting colors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">18</a> Children using gadget excessively will decrease the frequency in seeing food, as a result the external cue will not arise to influence children's hungry feelings. Furthermore, ignoring hungry signals continuously can decrease the sensitivity to hungry feelings, therefore they will forget to eat and their hungry feeling will disappear. It causes children to become easily full, lose desire to eat, and have a habit of delaying eating.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">13</a> Delaying hungry feeling is also related to the body metabolism change. A study about screen time and nutrition input on 1459 children aged 6–15 years in China showed that excessive intensity of screen time is related to saliva decrease, lack of protein, mineral, vitamin, and fiber, deficiency of ferric substance as the one of eating difficulty's factors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">19</a> The other study reported that eating habit has a correlation with the composition of saliva in which if a child seldom eats, the composition of saliva will become more decreasing, and it influences the child's eating appetite.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">20</a>Thirdly, the theory of habit states that habituation is more influencing than energy depletion to the individual eating behavior and food input.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130">6,18</a> Habituation is the basic form of psychological adaptation in the nervous system in which its level will be more decreasing toward stimulus continuously repeated.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130">6,13</a> One of the examples is the habit of delaying eating while playing gadget. Most children tend to be oriented to finish a challenge when playing games in gadget as a form of cognitive development as well.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">5</a> If the hungry signal is continuously repeated, then the body will get accustomed to it until the stage when the signal disappears which causes eating difficulty behavior.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130">6,18</a> Therefore, hungry feeling and motivation to eat are more arising to the individual consuming food regularly.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">6</a>ConclusionBased on discussion above, it can be concluded that the excessive intensity of using gadget can make a child experience eating difficulty affecting their growth and development. Therefore, this research can be a base of consideration for community and family nursing care to develop intervention strategy related to eating difficulty due to using gadget excessively, namely restriction of gadget use for maximum 2h/day or introducing new food to children for 8–15 times of repetition.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105">1,8,9,15</a> The researchers are aware of a weakness by using a questionnaire method filled independently, for example the research becomes less rich in information and quality of study depend on the respondent's motivation in answering the questionnaire. Therefore, this research hereby recommends adding interview methods and composing questionnaire with an additional variable for eating difficulties, such as measuring the composition and kinds of food with 24h and measurement of Body Mass Index for further research.Conflict of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1496481" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1358842" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack524188" "titulo" => "Acknowledgment" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2020-09-15" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-09-21" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1358842" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "School-aged children" 1 => "Gadget use intensity" 2 => "Eating difficulty behavior" 3 => "Picky eating" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "This study aims at testing whether the use of gadget excessively has a correlation to eating difficulty of children. This research used cross-sectional study design with Chi-square testing involving 215 mothers of children aged 6–12 years who were selected by using stratified random sampling in State Primary School 08 of Tegal Alur, West Jakarta, Indonesia. This study used Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire and gadget use intensity questionnaire. This study revealed that there was a significant relationship between intensity of using gadget and eating difficulty behavior on school-aged children (P-value=0.009). Children using gadget in a high intensity have an opportunity of 2.145 times bigger of causing eating difficulty than a low intensity (OR=2.145; 95% CI=1.239–18.357). These findings suggest that parents have to pay an active attention to their children's growth and development by applying a good eating pattern and limitation of using gadget." ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 4th International Conference for Global Health (ICGH) in conjunction with the 7th Asian International Conference in Humanized Health Care (AIC-HHC). Full-text and the content of it is under responsibility of authors of the article." ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl1" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "For categorical variables, values are percentages. For numerical variables, values are mean and±SD given skewness." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N=215 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Child's age using gadget for the first time \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.31±2.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Type of gadget used by child \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Tablet \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21 (9.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Handphone \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">207 (96.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">iPad \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 (7.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Computer \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">37(17.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PlayStation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41 (19.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gameboy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (5.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2571071.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Characteristics of students in State Primary School 08, Tegal Alur, West Jakarta in 2019 (n=215)." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Remarks (*) There is a significant relationship (α: 0.05).P-values are from Chi-square test." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Gadget use intensity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Eating difficulty behavior</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">P-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">OR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">95% CI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No eating difficultly \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Eating difficultly \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Low \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">73 (60.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">48 (39.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.009* \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.145 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.239–3.712 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">High \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39 (41.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">55 (58.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2571070.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Relationship between gadget use intensity and eating difficulty behavior for school-aged children at State Primary School 08 of Tegal Alur, West Jakarta in 2019 (n=215)." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Growth and development in Chinese pre-schoolers with picky eating behaviour: a cross-sectional study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "Y. Xue" 1 => "A. Zhao" 2 => "L. Cai" 3 => "B. Yang" 4 => "I.M.Y. Szeto" 5 => "D. Ma" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0123664" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "PLoS One" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "17" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Perception of picky eating among children in Singapore and its impact on caregivers: a questionnaire survey" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "D.Y.T. Goh" 1 => "A. Jacob" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1447-056X-11-5" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Asia Pac Fam Med" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "11" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Determinants of children's eating behavior" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S. Scaglioni" 1 => "C. Arrizza" 2 => "F. Vecchi" 3 => "S. Tedeschi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3945/ajcn.110.001685" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am. J. Clin. Nutr." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "94" "numero" => "Suppl. 6" "paginaInicial" => "2006" "paginaFinal" => "2011" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Relationships between temperament and eating behaviours in young children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "E. Haycraft" 1 => "C. Farrow" 2 => "C. Meyer" 3 => "F. Powell" 4 => "J. Blissett" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.appet.2011.02.005" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Appetite" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "56" "paginaInicial" => "689" "paginaFinal" => "692" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21316412" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Wong's nursing care of infants and children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M.J. Hockenberry" 1 => "D. Wilson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "edicion" => "10th ed." "fecha" => "2015" "editorial" => "Elsevier Inc." "editorialLocalizacion" => "St Louis" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Eating behavior and obesity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S. Heshmat" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "edicion" => "1st ed." "fecha" => "2011" "editorial" => "Springer Publishing Company" "editorialLocalizacion" => "New York" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Screen time and young children: promoting health and development in a digital world" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "Canadian Paediatric Society" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/pch/pxx123" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Paed Child Healt-Can" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "461" "paginaFinal" => "468" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The impact of media use and screen time on children, adolescents, and families [Internet]" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "American College of Pediatricians" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "2016" "editorial" => "American College of Pediatrics" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Gainesville, FA" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Children, adolescents, and the media: ten mistakes we’ve made and how to fix them" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "V.C. Strasburger" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1177/0009922815616070" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Pediatr" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "55" "paginaInicial" => "509" "paginaFinal" => "512" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Smart everything, everywhere: mobile consumer survey 2017 [Internet]" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. Drumm" 1 => "N. White" 2 => "M. Swiegers" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "2017" "editorial" => "Deloitte Australia" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Sydney" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Impact of electronic gadgets on psychological behavior of middle school children in UAE" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M.K. Master" 1 => "C.P. Kaur" 2 => "A. Narasimhan" 3 => "M. Nadeem" 4 => "M. Ali" 5 => "R.B. Shaik" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Proceeding of the 8th Annual Scientific Meeting; November 7–8, 2016" "serieFecha" => "2016" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Development of the children's eating behaviour questionnaire" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J. Wardle" 1 => "C.A. Guthrie" 2 => "S. Sanderson" 3 => "L. Rapoport" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1017/S0021963001007727" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Disciplines" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "42" "paginaInicial" => "963" "paginaFinal" => "970" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Delayed timing of eating: impact on weight and metabolism" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "K.C. Allison" 1 => "N. Goel" 2 => "R.S. Ahima" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s13679-013-0084-5" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Obes Rep" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "91" "paginaFinal" => "100" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26626470" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Predicting the time spent playing computer and mobile games among medical undergraduate students using interpersonal relations and social cognitive theory: a cross-sectional survey in Chongqing, China" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L. Chen" 1 => "R. Liu" 2 => "H. Zeng" 3 => "X. Xu" 4 => "R. Zhu" 5 => "M. Sharma" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3390/ijerph15081664" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Environ Res Public Health" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "13" ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Picky eating: associations with child eating characteristics and food intake" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "K. van der Horst" 1 => "D.M. Deming" 2 => "R. Lesniauskas" 3 => "B.T. Carr" 4 => "K.C. Reidy" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.027" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Appetite" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "103" "paginaInicial" => "286" "paginaFinal" => "293" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27120094" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Availability and night-time use of electronic entertainment and communication devices are associated with short sleep duration and obesity among Canadian children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "H. Chahal" 1 => "C. Fung" 2 => "S. Kuhle" 3 => "P.J. Veugelers" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00085.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Obes" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "42" "paginaFinal" => "51" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22962067" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The impact of background television on parent–child interaction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "H.L. Kirkorian" 1 => "T.A. Pempek" 2 => "L.A. Murphy" 3 => "M.E. Schmidt" 4 => "D.R. Anderson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01337.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Child Dev." "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "80" "paginaInicial" => "1350" "paginaFinal" => "1359" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19765004" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Eating behaviour" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "T.M. Dovey" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:5 [ "edicion" => "1st ed." "fecha" => "2010" "paginaInicial" => "226" "editorial" => "Mc Graw Hill Open University Press" "editorialLocalizacion" => "England" ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Relationship between screen time and nutrient intake in Japanese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional observational study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H. Tsujiguchi" 1 => "D. Hori" 2 => "Y. Kambayashi" 3 => "T. Hamagishi" 4 => "H. Asakura" 5 => "J. Mitoma" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/s12199-018-0725-0" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Environ Health Prev" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "12" ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Associations between food consumption patterns and saliva composition: specificities of eating difficulties children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Morzel" 1 => "C. Truntzer" 2 => "E. Neyraud" 3 => "H. Brignot" 4 => "P. Ducoroy" 5 => "G. Lucchi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.005" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Physiol. Behav." "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "173" "paginaInicial" => "116" "paginaFinal" => "123" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28185876" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack524188" "titulo" => "Acknowledgment" "texto" => "This study is supported by Hibah PITTA B 2019 funded by DRPM Universitas Indonesia No. NKB-0501/UN2/R3.1/HKP.05.00/2019." "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/11308621/00000031000000S2/v2_202104141019/S1130862120305027/v2_202104141019/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => null "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/11308621/00000031000000S2/v2_202104141019/S1130862120305027/v2_202104141019/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120305027?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

Statistics

Ade Yohana, Sigit Mulyono

Corresponding author

sigit@ui.ac.id

Corresponding author.

Faculty of Nursing Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia

Read

Times
was read the article

Total PDF

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:22 [
  "pii" => "S1130862120305027"
  "issn" => "11308621"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.10.005"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-04-01"
  "aid" => "1691"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2020"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2021;31 Supl 2:S6-S9"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1130862120305039"
    "issn" => "11308621"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.10.006"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-04-01"
    "aid" => "1692"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46;"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2021;31 Supl 2:S10-S15"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Effects of music therapy on physiological outcomes for post-operative total knee arthroplasty &#40;TKA&#41; patients"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "S10"
          "paginaFinal" => "S15"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 3125
              "Ancho" => 2152
              "Tamanyo" => 621226
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data collection flowchart&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Aishairma Aris, Suliza Sulaiman, Muhammad Kamil Che Hasan"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Aishairma"
              "apellidos" => "Aris"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Suliza"
              "apellidos" => "Sulaiman"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Muhammad Kamil"
              "apellidos" => "Che Hasan"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120305039?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/11308621/00000031000000S2/v2_202104141019/S1130862120305039/v2_202104141019/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:17 [
    "pii" => "S1130862120305015"
    "issn" => "11308621"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.10.004"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-04-01"
    "aid" => "1690"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2021;31 Supl 2:S1-S5"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "The effect of therapeutic group and problem-solving therapy on developmental aspects of adolescents in drug misuse prevention"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "S1"
          "paginaFinal" => "S5"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Mutia Rahmah, Budi Anna Keliat, Ice Yulia Wardani"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mutia"
              "apellidos" => "Rahmah"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Budi Anna"
              "apellidos" => "Keliat"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ice Yulia"
              "apellidos" => "Wardani"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120305015?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/11308621/00000031000000S2/v2_202104141019/S1130862120305015/v2_202104141019/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:18 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "The impact of digital era&#58; Intensity of excessive use of gadget causing eating difficulty on children"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "S6"
        "paginaFinal" => "S9"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Ade Yohana, Sigit Mulyono"
        "autores" => array:2 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Ade"
            "apellidos" => "Yohana"
          ]
          1 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Sigit"
            "apellidos" => "Mulyono"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "sigit@ui.ac.id"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "entidad" => "Faculty of Nursing Universitas Indonesia&#44; Depok&#44; West Java&#44; Indonesia"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">School-aged children are a group of having a risk of experiencing eating difficulties&#44; namely selective behiavior of food&#44; refusing food&#44; being not interested in eating new food&#44; and rejecting to eat&#44; or being not want to swallow food&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> A research in Singapore reported that there was 49&#46;6&#37; phenomenon of eating difficulty for children aged 1&#8211;10 years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> However&#44; in Indonesia&#44; there is not yet any statistic data that records eating difficulty of children&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The efforts of overcoming eating difficulty need good approaches to its intervention&#44; one of which is to overcome risk factors&#44; both internal and external factors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Internal factor includes genetic combination of parents experiencing eating difficulty&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> history of not exclusively breast fed&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> decreasing growth speed&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> symptom of losing appetite&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> tendency of liking certain kinds of food&#44; hungry sensation regulation being continuously put off&#44; and lack of knowledge on food preference&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> While&#44; external factor includes family knowledge level&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> upbringing pattern&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> snacks eating behavior&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> eating behavior&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> and economic status&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> risky behavior of children having no awareness&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a> minimum control to any stimulant from environment&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> etc&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Using gadgets in excessive intensity can become one of the risk factors of experiencing eating difficulty behavior for children as an impact of the present digital era&#46; The newest longitudinal study in 2019 on a study of gadget media exposure of children from 1997 to 2014 shows that the intensity of gadget exposure has increased every year about 5&#46;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;day for children aged 3&#8211;8 years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> It contradicts to the intensity of gadget use recommended&#44; namely less than 1 up to 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours a day&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> Furthermore&#44; based on the study result from 51&#44;500 respondents in 33 countries by the Mobile Consumer Survey in 2017&#44; 70&#37; of children respondents aged 9&#8211;18 years use gadget during eating time&#44; putting off eating&#44; even forgetting their eating time&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;10</span></a> Thus&#44; the excessive use of gadgets will definitely influence such a bad eating control that indirectly has a risk of experiencing eating difficulty&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is not yet any study on the eating difficulty and gadget whereas both might be positively related&#46; In addition to a gap between theory where a child consumes food in accordance with its quantity&#44; quality&#44; and variety by age with reality&#44; researcher has tested the relation between gadget use intensity and eating difficulty behavior for school-aged children&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Method</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research used is cross-sectional design involving 215 mothers with children aged 6&#8211;12 years in State Primary School 08 of Tegal Alur&#44; West Jakarta&#44; Indonesia&#46; The participants were selected by using proportionate stratified random sampling&#46; The demographic consists of age of children using gadget for the first time and the type of gadget&#46; Gadget use intensity as independent variable was measured with the gadget use intensity questionnaire based on gadget usage intensity&#39;s reference for children developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> The instrument was stated valid &#40;Pearson correlation<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;653&#8211;0&#46;859&#41; and reliable &#40;Cronbach&#39;s alpha<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;853&#8211;0&#46;908&#41;&#46; The instrument comprised question related to intensity and frequency of children uses gadget&#46; Then&#44; it was categorized as high intensity if &#62;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;day and low intensity if &#60;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;day&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> While eating difficulty behavior as dependent variable was measured with Children&#39;s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire &#40;CEBQ&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> The instrument composed of 5 dimensions&#44; namely satiety responsiveness&#44; slowness in eating&#44; food fussiness&#44; food responsiveness&#44; and enjoyment of food completed with the dimension showing that eating behavior can be influenced by gadget use&#44; such as delaying eating time or forgetting to eat&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> It was stated valid &#40;Pearson correlation<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;394&#8211;0&#46;803&#41; and reliable &#40;Cronbach&#39;s aplha<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;67&#8211;0&#46;91&#41;&#46; Chi-square testing was applied to identify the relationship between gadget use intensity and eating difficulty behavior&#46; To be eligible for this study&#44; the instruments were given to parents with a consideration that school-aged children are not yet able to take into account related to their eating behavior&#46; Ethical approval for all aspects of the study was granted by the Research Ethic Faculty of Nursing Universitas Indonesia with a letter number&#58; 163&#47;UN2&#46;F12&#46;D&#47;HKP&#46;02&#46;04&#47;2019&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results showed that at average children start using gadget for the first time when they were 7 years old &#40;see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl1">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Besides&#44; surprisingly&#44; some children start using gadget since they were 1 year old&#46; As shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#44; children using gadget in high intensity were more experiencing eating difficulty behavior than children using gadget in low intensity and vice versa&#46; Furthermore&#44; there was a significant relationship between gadget use intensity and eating difficulty behavior for children of school age &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;009&#41;&#46; Children using gadget in high intensity had an opportunity of 2&#46;145 times higher than those using gadget in low intensity in experiencing eating difficulty &#40;see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl1"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Discussion</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Eating difficulty behavior in this present study is found more on children using gadget in high intensity than children with low intensity&#46; This in line with the research on 1557 children in China found that duration and intensity of using gadget tend to be higher on children about 3&#8211;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;day&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> It can be concluded that among the respondents have a problem of high intensity of using gadget especially when compared to the restriction of gadget use for maximum 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;day&#46; Ironically&#44; majority of children in this study start using gadget for the first time in high intensity up to 2&#8211;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours a day when they were 7 years old&#44; moreover when 1 years old&#46; It is consistent with a study of children aged 1&#8211;3 years exposed to gadget causing lateness of oral motoric capacity to learn and texture&#44; which becomes one of factors causing eating difficulty&#46; The lesser children&#39;s experience of food taste and texture&#44; the lesser level of acceptance to try new food&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Based on the recommendation from education experts&#44; the ideal age to introduce gadget to children for the first time is over six years old&#46; This is because children under six years old brains have not yet grown and developed to learn the function of gadget&#44; therefore the under six years old children tend to like games&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The analysis also found that there is a significant relationship between the intensity of gadget use and eating difficulty with opportunity of 2&#46;145 times higher to have eating difficulty on children using gadget with high intensity&#46; These findings are also in line with a study on the impact of gadget use for 3398 children in Canada&#44; which found that there is a significant relationship between gadget use and decrease in quality of food input&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> This correlation can be explained with several theories&#46; Firstly&#44; school age children development theory&#46; The emotional development causes eating difficulty&#46; The parents&#39;s enforcement or pressure to eat can influence their psychology and mood&#44; such as refuse to eat&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4&#44;5</span></a> This is consistent with a study on 343 children aged 6&#8211;12 years in Saad Bin Moath proved that the user of gadget with bad behavior is higher than the user with good behavior if their gadget is taken&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> The excessive use of gadget causing children&#39;s eating difficulty is also based on their moral development&#44; namely conventional period in which children start to know the rule and order&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> This is also consistent with the theory of relation of parents and children&#46; A study revealed that children using gadget excessively can decrease the factors of parent&#8211;child interaction&#44; namely parent&#39;s response to emotion&#44; rule&#44; order&#44; interest&#44; habit&#44; change&#44; and behavior shown by children&#46; Children using gadget excessively will be busy with gadget itself&#44; as a result they do not pay any attention to parents and vice versa&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> If they experience a deficit of stimulus against rule and order&#44; for example&#44; a limitation of time in playing gadget&#44; then they will think that using gadget excessively is not wrong and does not directly impact their day-to-day activities&#44; such as eating activities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Secondly&#44; a theory of hungry feeling delay states that children tend to show external cue&#44; namely a hungry feeling arising if there is external influence or signal from food&#44; such as delicious taste or interesting colors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Children using gadget excessively will decrease the frequency in seeing food&#44; as a result the external cue will not arise to influence children&#39;s hungry feelings&#46; Furthermore&#44; ignoring hungry signals continuously can decrease the sensitivity to hungry feelings&#44; therefore they will forget to eat and their hungry feeling will disappear&#46; It causes children to become easily full&#44; lose desire to eat&#44; and have a habit of delaying eating&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Delaying hungry feeling is also related to the body metabolism change&#46; A study about screen time and nutrition input on 1459 children aged 6&#8211;15 years in China showed that excessive intensity of screen time is related to saliva decrease&#44; lack of protein&#44; mineral&#44; vitamin&#44; and fiber&#44; deficiency of ferric substance as the one of eating difficulty&#39;s factors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> The other study reported that eating habit has a correlation with the composition of saliva in which if a child seldom eats&#44; the composition of saliva will become more decreasing&#44; and it influences the child&#39;s eating appetite&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thirdly&#44; the theory of habit states that habituation is more influencing than energy depletion to the individual eating behavior and food input&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;18</span></a> Habituation is the basic form of psychological adaptation in the nervous system in which its level will be more decreasing toward stimulus continuously repeated&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;13</span></a> One of the examples is the habit of delaying eating while playing gadget&#46; Most children tend to be oriented to finish a challenge when playing games in gadget as a form of cognitive development as well&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> If the hungry signal is continuously repeated&#44; then the body will get accustomed to it until the stage when the signal disappears which causes eating difficulty behavior&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;18</span></a> Therefore&#44; hungry feeling and motivation to eat are more arising to the individual consuming food regularly&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclusion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on discussion above&#44; it can be concluded that the excessive intensity of using gadget can make a child experience eating difficulty affecting their growth and development&#46; Therefore&#44; this research can be a base of consideration for community and family nursing care to develop intervention strategy related to eating difficulty due to using gadget excessively&#44; namely restriction of gadget use for maximum 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#47;day or introducing new food to children for 8&#8211;15 times of repetition&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;8&#44;9&#44;15</span></a> The researchers are aware of a weakness by using a questionnaire method filled independently&#44; for example the research becomes less rich in information and quality of study depend on the respondent&#39;s motivation in answering the questionnaire&#46; Therefore&#44; this research hereby recommends adding interview methods and composing questionnaire with an additional variable for eating difficulties&#44; such as measuring the composition and kinds of food with 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h and measurement of Body Mass Index for further research&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:10 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1496481"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1358842"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Method"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Results"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Conclusion"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack524188"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgment"
        ]
        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2020-09-15"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2020-09-21"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1358842"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "School-aged children"
            1 => "Gadget use intensity"
            2 => "Eating difficulty behavior"
            3 => "Picky eating"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study aims at testing whether the use of gadget excessively has a correlation to eating difficulty of children&#46; This research used cross-sectional study design with Chi-square testing involving 215 mothers of children aged 6&#8211;12 years who were selected by using stratified random sampling in State Primary School 08 of Tegal Alur&#44; West Jakarta&#44; Indonesia&#46; This study used Children&#39;s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire and gadget use intensity questionnaire&#46; This study revealed that there was a significant relationship between intensity of using gadget and eating difficulty behavior on school-aged children &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;009&#41;&#46; Children using gadget in a high intensity have an opportunity of 2&#46;145 times bigger of causing eating difficulty than a low intensity &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;145&#59; 95&#37; CI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;239&#8211;18&#46;357&#41;&#46; These findings suggest that parents have to pay an active attention to their children&#39;s growth and development by applying a good eating pattern and limitation of using gadget&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 4th International Conference for Global Health &#40;ICGH&#41; in conjunction with the 7th Asian International Conference in Humanized Health Care &#40;AIC-HHC&#41;&#46; Full-text and the content of it is under responsibility of authors of the article&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:2 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl1"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">For categorical variables&#44; values are percentages&#46; For numerical variables&#44; values are mean and<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD given skewness&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>215&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Child&#39;s age using gadget for the first time</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Type of gadget used by child</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tablet&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;9&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Handphone&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">207 &#40;96&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>iPad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;7&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Computer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37&#40;17&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PlayStation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41 &#40;19&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gameboy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;5&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2571071.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of students in State Primary School 08&#44; Tegal Alur&#44; West Jakarta in 2019 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>215&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Remarks &#40;&#42;&#41; There is a significant relationship &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#945;</span>&#58; 0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-values are from <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Chi-square</span> test&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Gadget use intensity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Eating difficulty behavior</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">95&#37; CI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No eating difficultly&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Eating difficultly&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Low&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73 &#40;60&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48 &#40;39&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;009&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;145&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;239&#8211;3&#46;712&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39 &#40;41&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55 &#40;58&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2571070.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relationship between gadget use intensity and eating difficulty behavior for school-aged children at State Primary School 08 of Tegal Alur&#44; West Jakarta in 2019 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>215&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Growth and development in Chinese pre-schoolers with picky eating behaviour&#58; a cross-sectional study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Xue"
                            1 => "A&#46; Zhao"
                            2 => "L&#46; Cai"
                            3 => "B&#46; Yang"
                            4 => "I&#46;M&#46;Y&#46; Szeto"
                            5 => "D&#46; Ma"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0123664"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "PLoS One"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "17"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Perception of picky eating among children in Singapore and its impact on caregivers&#58; a questionnaire survey"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46;Y&#46;T&#46; Goh"
                            1 => "A&#46; Jacob"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/1447-056X-11-5"
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Asia Pac Fam Med"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Determinants of children&#39;s eating behavior"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Scaglioni"
                            1 => "C&#46; Arrizza"
                            2 => "F&#46; Vecchi"
                            3 => "S&#46; Tedeschi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3945/ajcn.110.001685"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am&#46; J&#46; Clin&#46; Nutr&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "94"
                        "numero" => "Suppl&#46; 6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2006"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2011"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relationships between temperament and eating behaviours in young children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Haycraft"
                            1 => "C&#46; Farrow"
                            2 => "C&#46; Meyer"
                            3 => "F&#46; Powell"
                            4 => "J&#46; Blissett"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.appet.2011.02.005"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Appetite"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "paginaInicial" => "689"
                        "paginaFinal" => "692"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21316412"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Wong&#39;s nursing care of infants and children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Hockenberry"
                            1 => "D&#46; Wilson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "edicion" => "10th ed&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "editorial" => "Elsevier Inc&#46;"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "St Louis"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Eating behavior and obesity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Heshmat"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "edicion" => "1st ed&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "editorial" => "Springer Publishing Company"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "New York"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Screen time and young children&#58; promoting health and development in a digital world"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Canadian Paediatric Society"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/pch/pxx123"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Paed Child Healt-Can"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "paginaInicial" => "461"
                        "paginaFinal" => "468"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The impact of media use and screen time on children&#44; adolescents&#44; and families &#91;Internet&#93;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "American College of Pediatricians"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "editorial" => "American College of Pediatrics"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Gainesville&#44; FA"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Children&#44; adolescents&#44; and the media&#58; ten mistakes we&#8217;ve made and how to fix them"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "V&#46;C&#46; Strasburger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1177/0009922815616070"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "509"
                        "paginaFinal" => "512"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Smart everything&#44; everywhere&#58; mobile consumer survey 2017 &#91;Internet&#93;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Drumm"
                            1 => "N&#46; White"
                            2 => "M&#46; Swiegers"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "editorial" => "Deloitte Australia"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Sydney"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Impact of electronic gadgets on psychological behavior of middle school children in UAE"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;K&#46; Master"
                            1 => "C&#46;P&#46; Kaur"
                            2 => "A&#46; Narasimhan"
                            3 => "M&#46; Nadeem"
                            4 => "M&#46; Ali"
                            5 => "R&#46;B&#46; Shaik"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Proceeding of the 8th Annual Scientific Meeting&#59; November 7&#8211;8&#44; 2016"
                        "serieFecha" => "2016"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Development of the children&#39;s eating behaviour questionnaire"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Wardle"
                            1 => "C&#46;A&#46; Guthrie"
                            2 => "S&#46; Sanderson"
                            3 => "L&#46; Rapoport"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1017/S0021963001007727"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Disciplines"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "42"
                        "paginaInicial" => "963"
                        "paginaFinal" => "970"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Delayed timing of eating&#58; impact on weight and metabolism"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46;C&#46; Allison"
                            1 => "N&#46; Goel"
                            2 => "R&#46;S&#46; Ahima"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s13679-013-0084-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Curr Obes Rep"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "91"
                        "paginaFinal" => "100"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26626470"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Predicting the time spent playing computer and mobile games among medical undergraduate students using interpersonal relations and social cognitive theory&#58; a cross-sectional survey in Chongqing&#44; China"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Chen"
                            1 => "R&#46; Liu"
                            2 => "H&#46; Zeng"
                            3 => "X&#46; Xu"
                            4 => "R&#46; Zhu"
                            5 => "M&#46; Sharma"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3390/ijerph15081664"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Environ Res Public Health"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "13"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Picky eating&#58; associations with child eating characteristics and food intake"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "K&#46; van der Horst"
                            1 => "D&#46;M&#46; Deming"
                            2 => "R&#46; Lesniauskas"
                            3 => "B&#46;T&#46; Carr"
                            4 => "K&#46;C&#46; Reidy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.027"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Appetite"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "103"
                        "paginaInicial" => "286"
                        "paginaFinal" => "293"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27120094"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Availability and night-time use of electronic entertainment and communication devices are associated with short sleep duration and obesity among Canadian children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Chahal"
                            1 => "C&#46; Fung"
                            2 => "S&#46; Kuhle"
                            3 => "P&#46;J&#46; Veugelers"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00085.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Obes"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "42"
                        "paginaFinal" => "51"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22962067"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The impact of background television on parent&#8211;child interaction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "H&#46;L&#46; Kirkorian"
                            1 => "T&#46;A&#46; Pempek"
                            2 => "L&#46;A&#46; Murphy"
                            3 => "M&#46;E&#46; Schmidt"
                            4 => "D&#46;R&#46; Anderson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01337.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Child Dev&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "80"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1350"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1359"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19765004"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Eating behaviour"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "T&#46;M&#46; Dovey"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:5 [
                        "edicion" => "1st ed&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "paginaInicial" => "226"
                        "editorial" => "Mc Graw Hill Open University Press"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "England"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relationship between screen time and nutrient intake in Japanese children and adolescents&#58; a cross-sectional observational study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Tsujiguchi"
                            1 => "D&#46; Hori"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Kambayashi"
                            3 => "T&#46; Hamagishi"
                            4 => "H&#46; Asakura"
                            5 => "J&#46; Mitoma"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/s12199-018-0725-0"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Environ Health Prev"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "12"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Associations between food consumption patterns and saliva composition&#58; specificities of eating difficulties children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Morzel"
                            1 => "C&#46; Truntzer"
                            2 => "E&#46; Neyraud"
                            3 => "H&#46; Brignot"
                            4 => "P&#46; Ducoroy"
                            5 => "G&#46; Lucchi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.005"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Physiol&#46; Behav&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "173"
                        "paginaInicial" => "116"
                        "paginaFinal" => "123"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28185876"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "agradecimientos" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "identificador" => "xack524188"
        "titulo" => "Acknowledgment"
        "texto" => "<p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study is supported by Hibah PITTA B 2019 funded by <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">DRPM Universitas Indonesia</span> No&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs1">NKB-0501&#47;UN2&#47;R3&#46;1&#47;HKP&#46;05&#46;00&#47;2019</span>&#46;</p>"
        "vista" => "all"
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/11308621/00000031000000S2/v2_202104141019/S1130862120305027/v2_202104141019/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => null
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/11308621/00000031000000S2/v2_202104141019/S1130862120305027/v2_202104141019/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862120305027?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]