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Vol. 30. Issue 1.
Pages 53-62 (January - February 2020)
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Vol. 30. Issue 1.
Pages 53-62 (January - February 2020)
Evidence-based nursing. Review
Epidemiological characteristics and strategies for the prevention of diarrheal disease in indigenous children: A scoping review
Características epidemiológicas y estrategias para la prevención de la diarrea en niños indígenas: una revisión scoping
Raquel Santos Britoa, Josèc) Rodrigues do Carmo Filhob,
Corresponding author
biomedico53@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Vanessa da Silva Carvalho Vilab, Adenícia Custódia Silva e Souzab
a Master in Health Care, Feral University of Mato Grosso, Av: Valdon Varjão, N° 6.390, CEP: 78.600-000 Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
b Master's Program in Health Care, School of Social and Health Sciences Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Mestrado em Atenção à Saúde, Área IV, Av, Universitária 1.440, Setor Leste Universitário, CEP: 74605-010 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Table 1. Characterization of diarrheal disease in indigenous children in no scoping review.
Abstract
Aim

The aim of the present scoping review was to map the scientific evidence about diarrheal disease in indigenous children and the strategies that can be used to prevent it.

Methods

The subject headings were indigenous population; child; diarrhea; dysentery; epidemiology; and prevention, primary; also the following keywords characteristic, epidemiologic study; and children. The databases consulted were Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, MEDLINE via the US National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health, and Web of Science. Initially, 268 studies were identified, and after being screened using the eligibility criteria, six were selected. Finally, via reference tracking, five more were identified. The final sample was made up of eleven articles.

Results

The results confirmed higher mortality rates due to diarrheal disease among indigenous children who are socially disadvantaged and living in poor hygienic and basic sanitation conditions. Among the primary prevention strategies are basic sanitation, health education better hygiene habits, animal control, breastfeeding, supplementing the diet with zinc, vitamins, and the rotavirus vaccine. The preventive strategies included the use of oral rehydration solutions, adequate nutrition, prescribed antimicrobials, and intravenous fluid replacement with glycaemic and electrolyte correction in severe cases.

Conclusion

In conclusion, public policies regarding the indigenous population and cross-cultural care should be strengthened. The present study confirmed that, at a global level, there is a lack of publications studying this issue.

Keywords:
Population groups
Child
Preschool
Diarrhea
Dysentery
Review literature as topic
Disease prevention
Resumen
Objetivo

El objetivo de la presente scoping review fue mapear las evidencias científicas sobre la enfermedad diarreica en niños indígenas y las estrategias que se pueden usar para prevenirla.

Mèc)todo

Se utilizó el siguiente vocabulario controlado: población indígena, niño, diarrea, disentería, epidemiología y prevención primaria, tambièc)n las siguientes palabras clave: estudio epidemiológico característico y niño. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), MEDLINE a travèc)s de la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina de EE. UU./Institutos Nacionales de Salud (PubMed) y Web of Science. Inicialmente, 268 estudios fueron identificados y, despuèc)s de ser seleccionados usando los criterios de elegibilidad, 6 fueron seleccionados. Finalmente, a travèc)s del rastreo de referencia, 5 más fueron identificados. La muestra final se compuso de 11 artículos.

Resultados

Los resultados confirmaron tasas de mortalidad más altas debido a la enfermedad diarreica entre niños indígenas socialmente desfavorecidos, y que viven en malas condiciones higièc)nicas y de saneamiento básico. Entre las principales estrategias de prevención están saneamiento básico, educación en salud, mejores hábitos de higiene, control de animales, lactancia, suplementación de la dieta con cinc, vitaminas y vacuna contra el rotavirus. Estrategias de prevención incluyen el uso de soluciones de rehidratación oral, nutrición adecuada, antimicrobianos prescritos y reposición intravenosa de líquidos con corrección glucèc)mica y electrolítica en casos graves.

Conclusión

Las políticas públicas en relación a la población indígena y el cuidado transcultural deben ser fortalecidas. El presente estudio confirmó que, a nivel global, faltan publicaciones estudiando esta cuestión.

Palabras clave:
Grupos poblacionales
Niño
Preescolar
Diarrea
Disentería
Literatura de revisión como asunto
Prevención de enfermedades

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