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Original Article
Pre-proof, online 22 July 2024
Nursing interventions in patients with substance use disorders. A Systematic review
Intervenciones enfermeras para pacientes con trastorno por consumo de sustancias: una revisión sistemática.
Clara Lucas-Guerraa,
Corresponding author
claraluc@ucm.es

Corresponding author.
, Héctor González-Ordib, Ramón del-Gallego-Lastrac
a Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Salud de la Universidad Camilo José Cela; Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
b Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
c Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
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Abstract
Objective

To analyze the current available evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for increasing the withdrawal of patients with substance use disorder.

Method

A systematic review of randomized clinical trials with a control group has been carried out where a non-pharmacological intervention is carried out in which nurses participate. The search was carried out in Pubmed, Cinahl, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane. Randomized clinical trials with a control group published between 2018 and 2023 were selected.

Results

15 articles were selected. A longer abstinence time was observed in the interventions that proposed a personalized telematic follow-up with a health worker, the establishment of the figure of the care coordinator or financial rewards based on the abstinence time. No significant differences regarding abstinence were observed in the formative interventions or with relaxation techniques only. However, relaxation techniques combined with other interventions could be effective.

Conclusions

The identified interventions can be incorporated into nursing practice. They present encouraging results, although it would be advisable to study their long-term effectiveness.

Keywords:
Substance-related disorder
Nursing
Clinical trial
Systematic review
Drug users (Mesh)
Resumen
Objetivo

Analizar la evidencia actual disponible sobre intervenciones no farmacológicas para aumentar el tiempo de abstinencia de pacientes con trastorno por consumo de sustancias.

Método

se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados con grupo control donde se lleve a cabo una intervención no farmacológica en la que haya participación enfermera. La búsqueda fue realizada en Pubmed, Cinahl, Web of Science, Scopus y Cochrane. Se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados con grupo control publicados entre 2018 y 2023.

Resultados

Se seleccionaron 15 artículos. Se observó mayor tiempo de abstinencia en las intervenciones que planteaban un seguimiento telemático personalizado con un sanitario, el establecimiento de la figura del coordinador de cuidados o recompensas económicas en función del tiempo de abstinencia. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la abstinencia en estudios que planteaban EPS o técnicas de relajación únicamente. No obstante, las técnicas de relajación combinadas con otras intervenciones sí podrían ser efectivas.

Conclusiones

Las intervenciones identificadas pueden ser incorporadas a la práctica enfermera. Presentan resultados esperanzadores, aunque sería recomendable estudiar su efectividad a largo plazo.

Palabras clave:
Trastornos relacionados con sustancias
Enfermería
Ensayo clínico
Revisión sistemática
Consumidores de drogas (Decs)

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