Transfer of results into clinical practice and citizen participation in health care research

Camacho-Bejarano, R; Lima-Serrano, M; González de la Torre, H; Fernández-Ortega, P; González-Chordá, V

doi:10.1016/j.enfcle.2024.10.001

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transfer of results from scientific evidence over to clinical practice is essential to guarantee optimal health care for the population and contribute to the efficient use of available resources.In this sense, health care research must serve as a link between the clinical field (where the questions to be answered through scientific evidence come from), the professionals themselves and the public, through close collaboration that enables synergies to be set up between all the players involved and with the same objective: to achieve safe and quality health care.There are numerous authors who, over the years, have analysed the factors that influence the acquisition and enhancement of Evidence-Based Practice, and whose contributions in relation to the benefits it offers can be summarised at several levels:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005">▪Improvement in quality</li></ul>The implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) enables nurses to apply the most effective and safest interventions, which result in an improvement in the quality of care. According to a study by Melnyk et al. (2021),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> the integration of EBP into daily practice contributes to the reduction of complications and improves patient satisfaction.<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010">▪Support for shared decision-making</li></ul>The use of scientific evidence in clinical practice enables decisions to be based on the results of the most up to date research and both professionals and users can thus become aware of the advantages and disadvantages of the different therapeutic modalities or interventions and adapt their choices to their individual needs through their own knowledge, with the advice of professionals so that shared decision-making is a genuine reality. This philosophy puts users or patients back at the centre of healthcare, giving them back the prominent role that is sometimes difficult to achieve. However, some studies show that there are still numerous limitations when it comes to fully developing shared decision-making, mainly related to the communication skills of professionals, the lack of time and the organisational structure of the services and consultations themselves.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015">▪Training and professional development</li></ul>The transfer of scientific evidence also fosters professional development and vice versa, it is essential to facilitate and promote the training of professionals to enable evidence-based practice to become a reality and provide these professionals with resources and time to integrate this into their day-to-day lives. Continuous training in EBP not only improves clinical competencies, but also empowers professionals to actively participate in decision-making in patient care,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a> which is a fundamental aspect in rapidly evolving healthcare environments that must adapt to the new needs and expectations of the population.<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0020"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020">▪Transdisciplinary, interlevel and inter-institutional collaboration</li></ul>The growing complexity of health care forces us to join forces from different fields and institutions: complex questions require complex approaches and complex interventions that respond to the needs that arise through research.In this direction, it is essential to increase the research capacity of the teams and strengthen the applicability of the results. To this end, teams must involve the participation of all the different professionals involved in patient care and whose contributions will be essential to achieve a comprehensive and patient-centred approach, thus improving clinical outcomes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">4</a> Within this collaborative philosophy at the clinical and research level, alliances between the health care system and the academic-university environment are essential to achieve the strengthening of research teams and projects when it comes to being able to opt for competitive research projects and to facilitate the transfer of the results back into practice, thus making full use of their possible benefits.Currently, there are more and more nurse-led initiatives that aim to enable the implementation of scientific evidence in practice and that are beginning to gain protagonism on the national scene<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">5</a> (Bernués-Caudillo et al., 2024), however, we continue to face numerous barriers that prevent the integration of evidence into clinical nursing practice from being a daily reality.In any case, and taking into account the advances, it is advisable to reinforce the strategies that have proved to be effective and that could be encompassed as follows:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0025"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025">-Promoting training at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels and on continuing education courses. The reinforcement of training in competencies related to the use of EBP, from the Bachelor's Degree in Nursing to continuing education courses for professionals, following the same approach, is essential for the application of evidence in daily practice.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030">-Creating a Culture of Evidence. It is essential to foster an organisational culture that values evidence-based research and practice, which involves the active participation of leaders and managers in the promotion of policies that support the implementation of research results.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">6</a></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035">-Putting in place facilitators for the implementation of the PBE. Using clinical leaders with EBP training as facilitators for the implementation of new initiatives and introduction of specific courses that can help to guide clinicians in decision-making and support teams in integrating evidence into their daily practice.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">7</a></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040">-Provision of resources and promotion of the use of technological support tools. There are currently numerous tools that will facilitate the incorporation of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and protocols, although it is necessary to promote accessibility to these resources, as well as to ensure the allocation of time and professionals to optimise their use.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">8</a></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045">-Evaluation, monitoring and continuous assessment systems. Establishing systems for evaluating outcomes and providing feedback on the implementation of evidence-based practices enables clinical teams to identify areas for improvement and adjust their approaches as needed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">9</a></li></ul>Another challenge we are currently facing is the integration of citizen participation within health care research. Citizen participation is a crucial component in the dissemination and transfer of research results over to clinical practice, although this should not be limited to only these aspects. Rather, it offers endless opportunities in which clinical research can benefit from the vision of users, from the design of the projects themselves, as in the new trends of citizen participation that advocate a more active role, aiming for that knowledge to revert back directly to the population at large, as active subjects in the research process.Involving citizens not only improves the adoption of new practices, but also ensures that interventions are tailored to the needs and preferences of the users themselves. In addition, the active participation of citizens in the research process and the implementation of results may increase the acceptance of new clinical practices, as reflected in the study run by McCaffrey et al. (2021<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">10</a> which suggests that when patients and communities are part of the process of developing new interventions, these are more likely to be well received.On the other hand, the integration of the voice of citizens makes it possible to identify needs and priorities that might not be evident to health professionals. This can result in the adaptation of interventions to local realities and also more patient-centred care.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> Citizen participation in the dissemination of research results can empower patients and communities to make informed decisions about their health<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">4</a> (Jones et al., 2022). Finally, the integration of users in the incorporation of EBP creates a real-time feedback system on the effectiveness of the interventions implemented, since they provide valuable information about their experience that can assist in adjusting and improving clinical practices<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">9</a> (Brown et al., 2019).In short, we are facing a new scenario full of challenges but also of new opportunities where nurses have the opportunity to be dynamic elements in the integration of scientific evidence into practice, thus improving the care provided, user satisfaction and health care results, through the active participation of the citizens themselves. Shall we take up the challenge?" 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ISSN: 2445-1479

Enfermería Clínica is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that is a useful and necessary tool for nurses from the different areas of nursing (healthcare, administration, education and research) as well as for healthcare professionals involved in caring for persons, families and the community. It is the only Spanish nursing journal that mainly publishes original research. Its objectives are to promote the dissemination of knowledge, promote the development of evidence in care and contribute to the integration of research in clinical practice. These objective is pursued throughout the different sections that comprise the Journal: Original Articles and Short Original Articles, Reviews, Patient Care and Letters to the Editor. There is also an Evidence-Based Nursing section that includes two kinds of articles: comments about original articles of special interest written by experts, and evidence synthesis articles based on bibliographic reviews. The journal is included in National Library of Medicine/Pubmed/Medline, Scopus/SCImago Journal Rank(SJR), Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) (Clarivate Analytics), CINHAL, Elsevier Bibliographic Databases, EBSCO Publishing, Biblioteca Nacional de Ciencias de la Salud, CSIC/IME, IBECS, Latindex, CUIDEN, Dialnet, Google Scholar Metrics.

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Impact factor

The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years.

© Clarivate Analytics, Journal Citation Reports 2022

Impact factor 2023

0.7

Citescore

CiteScore measures average citations received per document published.

Citescore 2023

SJR

SRJ is a prestige metric based on the idea that not all citations are the same. SJR uses a similar algorithm as the Google page rank; it provides a quantitative and qualitative measure of the journal's impact.

SJR 2023

0.214

SNIP

SNIP measures contextual citation impact by wighting citations based on the total number of citations in a subject field.

SNIP 2023

0.319

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Journal Information

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Vol. 34. Issue 5.

Pages 343-345 (September - October 2024)

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