Brief Original Article
Improving risk assessment and prevention of pressure injuries during the implementation of a best practice clinical guideline
Mejora de la valoración del riesgo y la prevención de las lesiones por presión durante la implantación de una Guía de buenas prácticas clínicas
Benjamí Monsonís-Filellaa, Montserrat Gea-Sánchezb,c,d,
, Ester García-Martínezb, Mercè Folguera-Arnaua,b,c, Josep Maria Gutiérrez Vilaplanab,c,e, Joan Blanco-Blancob,c,d
Corresponding author
a Hospital Universitario Santa María, Lleida, Spain
b Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
c Grupo de Investigación de Curas en Salud (GRECS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Lleida-IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
d Grupo de Estudios Sociedad, Salud, Educación y Cultura (GESEC), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
e Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
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array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Universitario Santa María, Lleida, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Grupo de Investigación de Curas en Salud (GRECS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Lleida-IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Grupo de Estudios Sociedad, Salud, Educación y Cultura (GESEC), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Mejora de la valoración del riesgo y la prevención de las lesiones por presión durante la implantación de una Guía de buenas prácticas clínicas" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="tb0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Introduction</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pressure ulcers (PU) are a major medical problem due to their rate of prevalence and negative repercussions for patients and healthcare systems. The figures supplied by the European Wound Management Association and the Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research suggest that the prevalence of PU in hospitalised patients ranges from 9% to 23%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> In Spain, according to the most recent data from the National Group for the Study and Assessment of Pressure Sores and Chronic Wounds (GNEAUPP), it is estimated that the prevalence of PU in an acute patient hospitalisation unit amounts to from 7% to 8%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Likewise, almost 2/3 of all the PU in hospitalised patients have a nosocomial origin, indicating that their development is an adverse result associated with the quality of care that has been supplied.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prevention of PU is a part of overall nursing care and, as a result of this, it forms a part of the care that patients must be given. The current level of knowledge indicates that from 95% to 98% of PU may be prevented if the appropriate care and measures are implemented.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Training in PU is therefore seen as an indicator of the level of care quality, and therefore preventing them should be a priority for nurses and medical organisations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2005 the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO®) published the Guide to Good Clinical Practices (GGP) <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Risk assessment and prevention of pressure ulcers</span>, which was revised in 2011, with the aim of offering the best possible evidence to achieve excellence in nursing care in the prevention of PU.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Implementing this would contribute to improving patient care quality and safety, nevertheless, appropriate strategies are not always implemented, and this leads to a clear gap between scientific evidence and clinical practice.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> This implementation process forms part of the Best Practice Spotlight Organisations Programme® (BPSO). This programme has the aim of encouraging, facilitating and supporting implementation, assessment and maintenance in any nursing context of good practices based on the RNAO® guides. Under the tutelage and coordination in the national area of the Health Services and Care Research Unit (Investén-ISCIII) and the Spanish Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare (CECBE), together with the RNAO®, the good practices tool has been implemented over 3 years,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> as indicated in the methodological guidelines of the programme.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Due to the reasons described above, the aim of this study is to evaluate the care quality indicators in PU before and after the implementation of the care GGP in the Geriatric Unit of Santa María Teaching Hospital (HUSM), Lleida.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Method</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An observational descriptive longitudinal study during the implementation of 12 of the recommendations of the RNAO® GGPC <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Risk assessment and prevention of pressure ulcers</span> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). The guide was implemented in the Geriatric Unit of the HUSM, Lleida, with a capacity for 16 patients, an average stay of 8 days and where the field of action is care for the elderly.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following indicators were used to assess care quality in a first phase, prior to a second phase subsequent to the implementation of the guide: (1) incidence of nosocomial PU; (2) assessment of the risk of PU during the first 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of admission; (3) continuous assessment of the patients, depending on their risk of PU; and (4) record of the use of a special surface for the management of pressure (SEMP) that is suitable in the care plan for patients at risk of PU.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study included all of the patients admitted to the geriatric unit of the HUSM, Lleida, during the study period, excluding those who were admitted for less than one day.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The variables were: age, sex, days of hospitalisation, incidence and category of nosocomial PU, PU risk assessment in the first 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of admission, the risk of PU on the EMINA validated scale, continued assessment according to the risk of PU and suitable SEMP recorded in the care plan. The evaluation criteria for on-going re-assessment according to the risk of PU, as it is established in the GACELA-Care nursing care programme was: for risk-free patients a record was kept every 7 days, for medium-risk patients every 3 days, and for high-risk patients every 2 days.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data recording always took place using the electronic clinical history of the patients. Patients admitted from the months of July to December 2014 were selected for analysis prior to the implementation of the intervention, using the GACELA-Care computer system. Once the guide had been put into practice, data gathering commenced after 6 months, as this was considered to be the time necessary for the implementation of its recommendations.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Convenience-based sampling was undertaken in both phases, selecting the patients who had been discharged in the last 5 days of each one of the months to be analysed, following the analytical criterion of the BPSO® programme. The patients were always evaluated by a nurse in the research group, and the evaluation data were included in the GACELA-Care computer programme, from where data were extracted for the study. It should be pointed out that the nurses in the research group took part in team meetings with the purpose of unifying the PU classification criteria based on the technical document of the National Group for the Study and Assessment of Pressure Sores and Chronic Wounds No. II. Following the indications of the hospital PU prevention programme, each patient was assessed using the EMINA scale, and depending on this assessment the necessary preventive measures were applied.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Version 24 of the SPSS programme was used for statistical analysis. Quantitative variables were described using the average and standard deviation, and qualitative variables were described in terms of absolute frequencies and percentages. Hypothesis comparison tests were performed to compare the proportions of 2 independent samples using Pearson's chi-squared test (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">χ</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>).</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Authorisation was sought and obtained for the use of the data generated to undertake this study within the framework of the Best Practice Spotlight Organisations Programme® and the HUSM Management. All data were anonymised and protected against access, thereby preserving the identity of all the participants.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All of the information obtained for this study was stored in a database in compliance with the privacy criteria established by Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and Council of 27 April 2016 for data protection (RGPD).</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">General data and sample characteristics</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 710 patients were admitted to the unit in 2014 prior to the implementation of the guide, of whom 10% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>71) were included in the study. After the implementation the number of admissions fell, and a total of 661 patients were recorded in 2015, of whom 12.56% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>83) were included in the study. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> compares the sociodemographic data of the sample before and after implementation, where the standard patient is in 57% of cases a women, with an average age of 86 years and an average duration of admission of 8 days.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Pressure ulcer quality indicators</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After the guide had been implemented in the unit the incidence of PU fell by 14.54% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.778), and their distribution also changed: category I PU increased by 12.24% and category II PU fell by 43.03%. There were no category III or IV PU during the study. The PU risk assessments 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after admission increased by 2.90% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.124) and regular evaluations depending on risk increased by 280.35% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.00), recording 48.19% vs. 12.67% in the basal situation. The recorded use of SEMP in the care plan also increased by 13.33% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.008), until it reached all of the patients at real risk of PU. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> compares the care quality indicators in PU before and after the implementation.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Discussion</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study evaluated certain care quality indicators corresponding to the geriatric unit of the HUSM, Lleida and, although the changes were not always statistically significant, they improved during the implementation of the GGP in care. It has to be taken into account that the changes did not arise exclusively because of the said implementation, as the training process necessary for the same must also have had an influence.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After the implementation of the guide the incidence of PU fell by 14.54%, and although this fall was not statistically significant, these results agree with those obtained in other studies in hospital contexts.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,11</span></a> The evaluations by Barker et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> found that compliance by the nurse was higher than 84% in the use of a validated scale for the risk of PU and a list to verify interventions. These results agree with the increase in scores in our study, at admission (although without being statistically significant), as well as the periodical checks on patients at risk of PU, as well as the SEMP records in at-risk patient care plans. Nevertheless, while the implementation of the guide and the necessary previous training gave rise to changes in the quality indicators of the unit, there is still room for improvement in achieving effective patient evaluation when they are at risk of PU, so that we are able to meet all of their needs. It should be pointed out that the effect of implementing the guide in our unit was limited, and this may be due to the sample size, as incidence as well as the initial risk assessment lack statistical significance. This is because both items had already been taken into account by the hospital management prior to implementation, so that a greater improvement would have been necessary for it to attain significance.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The chief limitation of this study is associated with the variability of the registry and competence of the assessors, justifying the effort made by the researchers in homogenising the evaluation criteria by using training courses and group consensus. It is also necessary to add the difficulty in comparing data that may not have been recorded in the first phase registry due to lack of training. Another limitation to be taken into account is that the size of the sample was not calculated, so that there is no certainty that the samples are representative of the generality.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To conclude, the implementation of the guide led to an improvement in the incidence of PU, although the results may not be solely attributable to this fact, and greater statistical power would be required to be able to state this more robustly. The implementation also gave rise to better adherence to the risk assessment by the nurses, as well as the registration of specific care plans.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study is an approach to give an idea of the magnitude of the effect and show the need for further studies with a more ambitious methodology to be designed, to evaluate the complete implementation of the BPSO programme and monitoring to see whether the results remain over time.</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflict of interests to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1481870" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1349314" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1481871" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Método" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1349315" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Method" ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "General data and sample characteristics" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Pressure ulcer quality indicators" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack519945" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-11-04" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-10-11" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1349314" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Pressure injury" 1 => "Quality indicators health care" 2 => "Practice guideline" 3 => "Evidence-based practice" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1349315" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Lesión por presión" 1 => "Indicadores de calidad de la atención de salud" 2 => "Guía de práctica clínica" 3 => "Práctica clínica basada en la evidencia" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate the indicators of quality of care in pressure injuries (PI) before and after 6 months of the implementation of the Good Clinical Practice Guideline of the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario in the geriatric unit of the Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Longitudinal descriptive observational study throughout the implementation of the Good Clinical Practice Guideline (GCP) “Risk Assessment and Pressure Injury Prevention” carried out by the Ontario Nurses’ Professional Association. The main variables – incidence and category of nosocomial pressure injuries, risk assessment of PI during the first 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of admission and risk level according to the EMINA scale, continuous assessment according to the risk of PI and special surface for pressure management recorded in the care plan – were extracted from the electronic medical records for subsequent descriptive analysis and hypothesis contrasting for comparison of proportions.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 154 subjects were included, most of them being women (57%), average age of 86 years and an average stay of admission of 8 days. With the implementation of the guide it was possible to improve, not always with statistical significance, the quality indicators: the incidence of PI decreased by 14.54%, risk assessments of PI 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after admission increased by 2.90%, while periodic risk assessments increased by 280.35%, recording 48.19% compared to 12.67% for the baseline situation. In addition, the recording of special surfaces in patients at risk of PI also increased by 13.33%.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The implementation of the RNAO GCP improved the results related to the assessment and prevention of PI, with a positive impact on the quality of care indicators.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluar los indicadores de calidad asistencial en lesiones por presión (LPP) antes y tras 6 meses de la implantación de la Guía de buenas prácticas clínicas de la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario</span> en la unidad geriátrica del Hospital Universitario Santa María de Lleida.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Método</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal a lo largo de la implantación de la Guía de buenas prácticas clínicas <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Valoración del riesgo y la prevención de lesiones por presión</span> realizada por la Asociación Profesional de Enfermeras de Ontario. De las historias clínicas electrónicas se extrajeron las principales variables —incidencia y categorización de LPP nosocomiales, valoración del riesgo de LPP durante las primeras 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>horas de ingreso, valoración continuada según el riesgo de LPP y registro de una superficie especial para el manejo de la presión en el plan de cuidados en los pacientes con riesgo— para su posterior análisis descriptivo y contraste de hipótesis para la comparación de proporciones.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron un total de 154 sujetos, siendo mayoritariamente mujeres (57%), edad media de 86 años y estancia media de 8 días. Con la implantación de la guía globalmente se consiguió mejorar los indicadores de calidad, aunque no en todos los casos con significación estadística. Los indicadores de calidad: la incidencia de LPP disminuyó un 14,54%, las valoraciones del riesgo de LPP a las 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>horas de ingreso aumentaron un 2,90% y las periódicas en función del riesgo un 280,35%, registrando un 48,19% frente al 12,67% de la situación basal, y el registro de superficies especiales en el manejo de la presión aumentó un 13,33%.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La implantación de la Guía de buenas prácticas clínicas de la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Registered Nurses</span>’ <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Association of Ontario</span> mejoró los resultados relacionados con la valoración y prevención de las LPP, repercutiendo positivamente en los indicadores de calidad asistencial.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Método" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Monsonís-Filella B, Gea-Sánchez M, García-Martínez E, Folguera-Arnau M, Gutiérrez Vilaplana JM, Blanco-Blanco J. Mejora de la valoración del riesgo y la prevención de las lesiones por presión durante la implantación de una Guía de buenas prácticas clínicas. Enferm Clin. 2021;31:114–119.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AHRQ: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Recommendation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Evidence</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Level \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Interpretation according to AHRQ \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1. At admission all patients are to be subjected to a complete examination of the skin from head to feet, and those at risk of skin integrity deterioration are to be examined in this way every day. Special attention is to be paid to vulnerable zones, such as bone prominences and skin that is in contact with devices. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Evidence obtained from meta-analysis or the systematic review of controlled and randomised trials \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2. Users at risk of developing a pressure ulcer must rest on a pressure control surface such as a foam mattress with pressure redistribution. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3. A postural change programme at least every 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h must be applied as soon as possible if a standard mattress, a stretcher or an operating table is used. When a surface is used to manage pressure (a pressure distribution mattress or mattress cover) a timetable of postural changes at least every 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h or when the patient requires this must be used. Other patient factors must be taken into account, such as the development of red areas, to increase the frequency of changes of posture. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4. Posture change and movement techniques must be used correctly. Consult an occupational therapist or physiotherapist about the techniques and strategies to be used to move patients and for changes in posture, as well as the devices to reduce friction and shear forces in all positions, and how to favour patient independence. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ib \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Evidence obtained from at least one randomised controlled trial. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5. The heels must be free of pressure in all positions. If this is not possible, the reason(s) must be documented. The heels must be monitored and preventive strategies must be applied. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">III \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Evidence obtained from well-designed descriptive studies such as comparative studies, correlation studies and case studies. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6. The skin must be protected against excessive humidity and incontinence to maintain its integrity. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7. The risk of a user developing pressure ulcers is determined by combining clinical criteria and the use of a reliable risk assessment tool. It is recommended that a structured tool of proven validity and reliability be used, such as the Braden scale for prediction of the risk of pressure ulcers, the Norton scale for evaluation of the risk of pressure ulcers, and the Waterlow tool for evaluation of the risk of pressure ulcers. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8. Evaluation is to be based on intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors that are associated with the development of pressure ulcers. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9. All data are to be documented at the moment of the first evaluation and the continuous evaluations (registries) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Evidence obtained from the opinions or reports drawn up by a committee of experts and/or the clinical experiences of authorities. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10. All pressure ulcers must be identified and described using a standard system and vocabulary (such as the pressure ulcer classification systems of the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel).</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11. A care plan must be prepared together with the user, their family and the interdisciplinary team, including consultation of medical professionals, when applicable. The team uses the initial assessment data and continuous assessment data together with the clinical criterion to identify the risk factors and recommend a care plan. User-centred care is combined with the recommendations and the objectives selected by the user. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12. Massage must avoid bone prominences and red zones. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2550179.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Recommendations implemented in the unit from the good nursing practice guide <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Risk assessment and prevention of pressure ulcers</span> 2011 by the RNAO.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1st phase (year 2014) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2nd phase (year 2015) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age (at last birthday) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">85.31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">86.24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Average stay (days) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.06<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4.42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Women, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41 (57.75) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">48 (57.83) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2550180.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sociodemographic data of the sample in the first phase prior to the implementation of the guide and in the second phase 6 months after its implementation.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">PU quality indicators \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1st phase (year 2014)</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2nd phase (year 2015)</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Sign. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Count (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>71) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequency (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Count (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>83) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequency (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Incidence of nosocomial PU</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.46% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.23% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.778 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Category of nosocomial PU</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Category 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.23% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.82% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Category 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.23% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.41% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Category 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Category4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Evaluation first 24</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">h admission</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97.18% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.124 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Risk of PU according to EMINA</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No risk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.63% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.23% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Low risk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22.54% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24.10% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderate risk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">38.03% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">37.35% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>High risk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.80% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31.32% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Continuous assessment of PU risk PU</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12.67% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">48.19% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">SEMP recorded in the care plan</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">88.24% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.008 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2550178.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Care quality indicators in PU in the 1st phase prior to the implementation of the guide and in the second phase 6 months after its implementation.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "tb0005" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATEXTO" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "texto" => array:1 [ "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">What is known?</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The existing literature states that the implementation of evidence from scientific research in the hospital environment may contribute to improving the quality and safety of the care received by patients.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">What does this paper contribute?</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This paper evaluates the repercussion of the implementation of the RNAO® Good Practices Guide “Risk Evaluation and Prevention of Pressure Sores” on care quality indicators in pressure lesions, in a geriatric hospitalisation unit.</p></span></span>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Adherence to evidence-based pressure injury prevention guidelines in routine clinical practice: a longitudinal study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "W. Chaboyer" 1 => "T. Bucknall" 2 => "B. Gillespie" 3 => "L. Thalib" 4 => "E. McInnes" 5 => "J. Considine" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/iwj.12798" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int Wound J" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "1290" "paginaFinal" => "1298" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28744988" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "EWMA policy paper. Patient safety & pressure ulcers" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "European Wound Management Association" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "EWMA J" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "63" "paginaFinal" => "64" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "5.o Estudio nacional de prevalencia de UPP y otras lesiones relacionadas con la dependencia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "P.L. Pancorbo Hidalgo" 1 => "F.P. García Fernandez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:5 [ "titulo" => "XII Simposio Nacional sobre Ulceras por Presión y Heridas Crónicas" "paginaInicial" => "28" "paginaFinal" => "30" "conferencia" => "Valencia" "serieFecha" => "2018" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiología de las úlceras por presión en España en 2013: 4.<span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> Estudio nacional de prevalencia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "P.L. Pancorbo-Hidalgo" 1 => "F.P. García-Fernández" 2 => "J. Verdú Soriano" 3 => "J.J. Soldevila-Agreda" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Gerokomos" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "162" "paginaFinal" => "170" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Guía de práctica clínica para el cuidado de personas con úlceras por presión o riesgo de padecerlas" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M. Avilés-Martínez" 1 => "M. 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Dowding" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.04.009" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Nurs Stud [Internet]" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "51" "paginaInicial" => "1667" "paginaFinal" => "1685" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Versión española traducida de: Registrered Nurses’ Association of Ontario. 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The authors would like to thank the Lleida <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Colegio Oficial de Enfermeras y Enfermeros</span> and all of the professionals in the Lleida teaching hospitals Arnau de Vilanova and Santa María, as well as those in the Nursing and Physiotherapy Faculty of Lleida University for their involvement in the project Best Practice Spotlight Organisations Programme® (BPSO Spain).</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/24451479/0000003100000002/v1_202103180834/S2445147921000199/v1_202103180834/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "76549" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Brief original article" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/24451479/0000003100000002/v1_202103180834/S2445147921000199/v1_202103180834/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2445147921000199?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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