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Vol. 105. Issue 4.
Pages 124-128 (January 2008)
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Vol. 105. Issue 4.
Pages 124-128 (January 2008)
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Efectos sobre el perfil lipídico y la presión arterial de una dieta de tipo mediterraneo despues de un año de seguimiento en pacientes de alto riesgo.
Effects of a mediterranean style diet on lipid profile and blood pressure after one year of follow-up in high-risk cardiovascular patients
Dieta mediterranearraren eragina profil lipidikoan eta tentsio arterialean, urtebeteko segimendua egin ondoren arrisku handiko pazienteekin
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2391
F. Arós
Corresponding author
aborau@secardiologia.es

Correspondencia: Dr. Fernando Arós. Servicio de Cardiología. Hospital Txagorritxu, c/José Achótegui s/n. 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz. Espa˜a UE.
, E. Sanz, T. del Hierro, S. Francisco, I. Salaverría, J. Algorta, M.A. Pena, I. Felipe, J. San Vicente
Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Ensayos Clínicos. Hospital Txagorritxu. Vitoria-Gasteiz. Espa˜a UE.
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Resumen
Objetivo

Comparar los efectos sobre el perfil lipídico y la presión arterial de una dieta de tipo mediterránea (DTM) con la dieta más recomendada en prevención cardiovascular pobre en grasas.

Metodología

Se aleatorizaron pacientes de alto riesgo vascular a DTM enriquecida con aceite de oliva (AO), DTM enriquecida con frutos secos o dieta pobre en grasas (DPG). Todos los pacientes tuvieron reuniones periódicas con una dietista.

Resultados

190 pacientes (109 varones; edad 66±6 a˜os) completaron un a˜o de seguimiento. La dieta baja en grasas disminuyó (p<0,05) el coleterol (C) total (10,4 mg/dl), el C-LDL (14,3 mg/dl) y aumentó el C-HDL (4,8 mg/dl). La DTM-AO presentó cambios similares, y una disminución de triglicéridos (15,5 mg/dl; p<0,02) y presión arterial diastólica (5,2 mm Hg; p<0,001).

Conclusiones

La dieta pobre en grasas y DTM-AO presentan cambios favorables en el perfil lipídico, pero la DTM reduce además los triglicéridos y la presión arterial diástolica.

Palabras clave:
estudio controlado y aleatorizado
dieta mediterránea
dieta pobre en grasas
aceite de oliva
perfil lipídico
presión arterial
Summary
Aim

To compare a Mediterranean-type diet (MTD) with a low-fat diet, the most recommended diet for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Methods

Asymptomatic patients at high cardiovascular risk were random allocated in one of the following groups: 1-MTD enriched with olive oil (OO); 2-MTD enriched with nuts or 3-Low-fat diet. All patients had regular meetings with a dietist.

Results

a total of 190 patients (109 males and 81 females, with an average age of 66±6 years) completed the firs year of follow-up. Low-fat diet achieved a significant decrease (p<0.05) in total cholesterol (C) (10.4 mg/dl), LDL-C (14.3 mg/dl) and an increase in HDL-C (4.8 mg/dl). MTD-OO showed similar improvements, with an additional significant decrease (p<0.05) in triglycerides (15.5 mg/dl) and diastolic blood pressure (5.2 mmHg, p<0.001).

Conclusions

Low-fat dieta and Mediterranean type diet supplemented with olive oil show a significant improvement in the lipid profile. Furthermore, MTD-OO also reduces triglycerides and diastolic blood pressure.

Key words:
Randomized
controlled study
Mediterranean Diet
Low-fat diet
olive oil
lipid profile
blood pressure
Laburpena

Dieta mediterranear (DM) batek eta gaixotasun kardiobaskularren prebentzioan erabilitako dieta batek (pobrea gantzetan) profil lipidikoan eta tentsio arterialean dituzten efektuak konparatzea.

Metodologia

Arrisku baskular handiko pazienteak hartu ziren aleatorioki, oliba olioz (OO) aberastutako DMrekin, fruitu lehorrez aberastutako DMrekin edo gantzetan pobrea den dietarekin (DPG). Paziente guztiek bilerak egin zituzten aldizka dietistarekin.

Emaitzak

urtebeteko segimendua egin zitzaien 190 pazienteri (109 gizon; adina 66±6 urte). Dieta gantzetan pobreak murriztu egin zituen (p<0,05) kolesterol (K) totala (10,4 mg/dl) eta LDL kolesterola (14,3 mg/dl), eta areagotu egin zuen HDL kolesterola (4,8 mg/dl).

DM-OO dietak antzeko aldaketak eragin zituen, eta murriztu egin zituen halaber triglizeridoak (15,5 mg/dl; p<0,02) eta tentsio arterial diastolikoa (5,2 mm Hg; p<0,001).

Ondorioak

Dieta gantzetan pobreak eta DM-OO dietak mesede egiten diote profil lipidikoari, baina horrez gainera, DMk murriztu egiten ditu ere triglizeridoak eta tentsio arterial diastolikoa.

Hitz gakoak:
azterlan kontrolatu eta aleatorizatu
dieta mediterranear
dieta gantzetan pobre
oliba olio
profil lipidiko
tentsio arterial
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