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Available online 1 June 2024
Efficacy and safety of biological treatment for inflammatory bowel disease in elderly patients: Results from a GETECCU cohort
Eficacia y seguridad del tratamiento biológico en paciente de edad avanzada con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: resultados de una cohorte del Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa
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Cristina Suárez Ferrera,
Corresponding author
, Francisco Mesonero Gismerob, Berta Caballolc, Maria Pilar Ballesterd, Iria Bastón Reye, Andrés Castaño Garcíaf, Jose Miranda Bautistag, Rosa Saiz Chumillash, Jose Manuel Benitezi, Laura Sanchez-Delgadoj, Alicia López-Garcíak, Cristina Rubin de Celixl, Inmaculada Alonso Abreum, Luigi Melcarnen, Rocío Plaza Santoso, Miquel Marques-Camíp, Antonio Caballero Mateosq, César Gómez Díezr, Margalida Calafats, Horacio Alonso Galant..., Pablo Vega Vilaamilu, Beatriz Castro Senosiainv, Andrea Guerro Moyaw, Carmen Yolanda Rodriguez Diazx, Katerina Spicakovay, Noemi Manceñido Marcosz, Gema Molinaaa, Luisa de Castro Pargaab, Andres Rodriguez Anguloac, Lidia Cuevas del Campoad, Maria del Carmen Rodriguez Grauae, Fernando Ramirezaf, Barbara Gomez Pastranaag, Irene Gonzalez Partidaah, Belen Botella Mateuai, Elena Peña Gonzalezaj, Eduardo Iyoak, Alfonso Elosua Gonzalezal, Empar Sainz Arnauam, Luis Hernandez Villalbaan, Pablo Perez Galindoao, Leyanira Torrealba Medinaap, Sara Monsalve Alonsoaq, Jose Antonio Olmos Perezar, Carmen Dueñas Sadornilas, Laura Garcia Ramireza, María Dolores Martín-Arranza, Antonio López Sanromanb, Agnès Fernándezc, Victor Merino Murguid, Cristina Calviño Suáreze, Pablo Flórez-Diezf, María Elena Lobato Matillag, Beatriz Siciliah, Pilar Soto Escribanoi, Carlos Maroto Martinj, Míriam Mañosas, Manuel Barreiro-De Acostae, On belhaf of Young group of GETECCU Ver más
a Gastroenterology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, La Paz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
b Gastroenterology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
c Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
d Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clinico of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
e Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
f Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
g Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
h Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
i Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
j Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
k Gastroneterology Department, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar ó Research Institute Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain
l Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IISIP), Madrid, Spain
m Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
n Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulli, Sabadel, Barcelona, Spain
o Gastroenterology Department, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
p Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
q Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
r Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain
s Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Ciberehd, Spain
t Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Spain
u Gastroenterology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Spain
v Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
w Gastroenterology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Spain
x Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
y Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Alava, Vitoria, Spain
z Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofia, Madrid, Spain
aa Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
ab Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
ac Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Alicante, Spain
ad Gastroenterology Department, Getafe University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
ae Gastroenterology Department, Hospital del Henares,Coslada, Madrid, Spain
af Gastroneterology Department, Ciudad Real University Hospital, Ciudad Real, Spain
ag Gastroenterology Department, General Hospital of Mataro, Maresme-Barcelona, Spain
ah Gastroenterology Department, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
ai Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Univesitario Infanta Cristina, Parla, Madrid, Spain
aj Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain
ak Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Comarcal de Inca, Baleares, Spain
al Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia Orcoyen, Estella, Navarra, Spain
am Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Xara Assistencial Althaia de Manressa, Spain
an Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Santos Reyes, Aranda de Duero, Burgos, Spain
ao Gastroenterology Department, Pontevedra University Hospital Complex, Pontevedra, Spain
ap Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
aq Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain
ar Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Rey Juan Carlos de Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
as Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Caceres, Caceres, Spain
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Table 1. Baseline patient characteristics.
Table 2. Summary of adverse effects related to the biological therapy.
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Abstract
Introduction

Biological therapies used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have shown to be effective and safe, although these results were obtained from studies involving mostly a young population, who are generally included in clinical trials. The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy and safety of the different biological treatments in the elderly population.

Methods

Multicenter study was carried out in the GETECCU group. Patients diagnosed with IBD and aged over 65 years at the time of initiating biological therapy (infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, ustekinumab or vedolizumab) were retrospectively included.

Among the patients included, clinical response was assessed after drug induction (12 weeks of treatment) and at 52 weeks. Patients’ colonoscopy data in week 52 were assessment, where available. Regarding complications, development of oncological events during follow-up and infectious processes occurring during biological treatment were collected (excluding bowel infection by cytomegalovirus).

Results

A total of 1090 patients were included. After induction, at approximately 12–14 weeks of treatment, 419 patients (39.6%) were in clinical remission, 502 patients (47.4%) had responded without remission and 137 patients (12.9%) had no response.

At 52 weeks of treatment 442 patients (57.1%) had achieved clinical remission, 249 patients had responded without remission (32.2%) and 53 patients had no response to the treatment (6.8%). Before 52 weeks, 129 patients (14.8%) had discontinued treatment due to inefficacy, this being significantly higher (p<0.0001) for Golimumab – 9 patients (37.5%) – compared to the other biological treatments analyzed.

With respect to tumor development, an oncological event was observed in 74 patients (6.9%): 30 patients (8%) on infliximab, 23 (7.14%) on adalimumab, 3 (11.1%) on golimumab, 10 (6.4%) on ustekinumab, and 8 (3.8%) on vedolizumab. The incidence was significantly lower (p=0.04) for the vedolizumab group compared to other treatments.

As regards infections, these occurred in 160 patients during treatment (14.9%), with no differences between the different biologicals used (p=0.61): 61 patients (19.4%) on infliximab, 39 (12.5%) on adalimumab, 5 (17.8%) on golimumab, 22 (14.1%) on ustekinumab, and 34 (16.5%) on vedolizumab.

Conclusions

Biological drug therapies have response rates in elderly patients similar to those described in the general population, Golimumab was the drug that was discontinued most frequently due to inefficacy.

In our experience, tumor development was more frequent in patients who used anti-TNF therapies compared to other targets, although its incidence was generally low and that this is in line with younger patients based on previous literature.

Keywords:
Elderly patients
Inflammatory bowel disease
Biological treatment
GETECCU
Abbreviations:
IBD
UC
CD
IC
Resumen
Introducción

Las terapias biológicas utilizadas para el tratamiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) han demostrado ser efectivas y seguras, aunque estos resultados se obtuvieron de estudios que involucran, mayoritariamente, a una población joven, que generalmente es incluida en ensayos clínicos. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar la eficacia y seguridad de los diferentes tratamientos biológicos en la población de adultos mayores.

Métodos

Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico en el Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa (GETECCU). Se incluyeron retrospectivamente pacientes diagnosticados de EII y mayores de 65 años en el momento de iniciar la terapia biológica (infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, ustekinumab o vedolizumab). Entre los pacientes incluidos, se evaluó la respuesta clínica después de la inducción del fármaco (12 semanas de tratamiento) y a las 52 semanas.

Se evaluaron los datos de la colonoscopia de los pacientes en la semana 52, cuando estaban disponibles. Respecto a las complicaciones, se recogió la evolución de eventos oncológicos hasta el fin del seguimiento y los procesos infecciosos ocurridos durante el tratamiento biológico (excluyendo infección intestinal por citomegalovirus).

Resultados

Se incluyeron un total de 1.090 pacientes. Después de la inducción, aproximadamente a las 12-14 semanas de tratamiento, 419 pacientes (39,6%) estaban en remisión clínica, 502 (47,4%) habían respondido sin remisión y 137 (12,9%) no tuvieron respuesta.

A las 52 semanas de tratamiento, 442 pacientes (57,1%) habían alcanzado la remisión clínica, 249 habían respondido sin remisión (32,2%) y 53 no tuvieron respuesta al tratamiento (6,8%). Antes de las 52 semanas, 129 pacientes (14,8%) habían suspendido el tratamiento por ineficacia, siendo significativamente mayor (p < 0,0001) para golimumab —nueve pacientes (37,5%)—, respecto al resto de tratamientos biológicos analizados.

Con respecto al desarrollo del tumor, se observó un evento oncológico en 74 pacientes (6,9%): 30 (8%) con infliximab, 23 (7,14%) con adalimumab, tres (11,1%) con golimumab, 10 (6,4%) con ustekinumab y ocho (3,8%) con vedolizumab. La incidencia fue significativamente menor (p=0,04) para el grupo de vedolizumab en comparación con otros tratamientos.

En cuanto a las infecciones, se produjeron en 160 pacientes durante el tratamiento (14,9%), sin diferencias entre los distintos biológicos utilizados (p=0,61): 61 pacientes (19,4%) con infliximab, 39 (12,5%) con adalimumab, 5 (17,8%) %) con golimumab, 22 (14,1%) con ustekinumab y 34 (16,5%) con vedolizumab.

Conclusiones

Las terapias biológicas tienen tasas de respuesta en pacientes de edad avanzada similares a las descritas en la población general, golimumab fue el fármaco que con mayor frecuencia se suspendió por ineficacia. En nuestra experiencia, el desarrollo de tumores fue más frecuente en pacientes que utilizaron terapias anti-factor de necrosis tumoral (anti-TNF) en comparación con otras dianas, aunque su incidencia fue en general baja, en línea con lo publicado en la literatura previa en pacientes más jóvenes.

Palabras clave:
Pacientes de edad avanzada
Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal
Tratamiento biológico
GETECCU

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