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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma on non-cirrhotic liver: A prospe...
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Vol. 47. Issue 7.
Pages 683-690 (August - September 2024)
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Vol. 47. Issue 7.
Pages 683-690 (August - September 2024)
Original article
Spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma on non-cirrhotic liver: A prospective case series
Rotura espontánea de carcinoma hepatocelular en hígado no cirrótico: serie prospectiva de casos
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Marta Romero-Gutiérreza,
Corresponding author
m.romero.gutierrez@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Sonia Pascualb, Laura Márquezc, Mariano Gómez-Rubiod, Mireia Miquele, Cristina Alarcónf, Teresa Ferrerg, Carles Aracilh, Diana Hortai, Raquel Latorrej, Jesús González Santiagok, Vanesa Bernall, Cristina Fernándezm, Belén Piquerasn, María Luisa Gutiérrezo, Ana Martínp, Julia Morillasq, Dalia Moralesr, Sonia Blancos, Paloma Rendónt..., Inmaculada Chicou, Milagros Testillanov, Carolina Delgadoa, Ana Matillac, Rafael Gómez RodríguezaVer más
a Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
b Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
c Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
d Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
e Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
f Hospital General de Villalba, Madrid, Spain
g Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
h Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
i Hospital Universitario Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
j Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
k Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
l Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
m Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
n Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
o Hospital Universitario Fundación de Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
p Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
q Hospital Virgen de la Luz, Cuenca, Spain
r Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Canarias, Spain
s Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
t Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
u Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena, Madrid, Spain
v Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Vizcaya, Spain
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Table 1. Clinical and tumor basal characteristics (seven non-cirrhotic patients with ruptured HCC).
Abstract
Background and aims

Spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma is an uncommon complication, and there are scarce data about non-cirrhotic patients. Tumor treatment is not standardized and the risk of peritoneal dissemination is unclear. Aim: we analyzed the treatment and survival in patients with rHCC on non-cirrhotic liver.

Methods

One hundred and forty-one non-cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by histology were included in a multicenter prospective registry (2018–2022). Seven of them (5%) presented with hemoperitoneum due to spontaneous rupture.

Results

Liver disease was associated in three patients (42.9%). A single nodule was detected in three cases (42.9%). One patient had vascular invasion and none extrahepatic spread.

Initial hemostatic therapy and sequential treatment was individualized. Patients with single nodule were treated: resection (one case) with recurrence at 4 months treated with TACE and sorafenib. TACE/TAE followed by surgery (two cases) one in remission 43 months later, the other had liver recurrence at 18 months and was transplanted. Patients with multiple lesions were treated: TAE/emergency surgery and subsequent systemic therapy (two cases), one received lenvatinib (1-year survival) and the other sorafenib (5-month survival). TAE and surgery with subsequent systemic therapy (one case). Initial hemostatic surgery, dying on admission (one case).

No patient developed intraperitoneal metastasis. All patients with multiple lesions died by tumor. The 3-year survival rate was 42.9%.

Conclusions

Initial hemostasis was achieved in all patients by TAE/TACE or surgery. Subsequent treatment was individualized, based on tumor characteristics, regardless of rupture. Long-time remission could be achieved in single nodule patients.

Keywords:
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhosis
Hemoperitoneum
Surgery
Abbreviations:
HCC
rHCC
BCLC
TAE
TACE
NASH
AFP
CT
LLL
PR
RLL
LT
IM
nrHCC
BMI
HCV
Resumen
Introducción y objetivo

El carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) roto es una complicación infrecuente. El tratamiento del tumor no está estandarizado y el riesgo de diseminación peritoneal es controvertido. Objetivo: analizamos el tratamiento y la supervivencia del CHC roto, sin cirrosis.

Método

Del registro prospectivo multicéntrico (23 centros) de pacientes sin cirrosis diagnosticados histológicamente de CHC (2018-2022), 7 de los 141 pacientes incluidos comenzaron con CHC roto (5%).

Resultados

Presentaban hepatopatía crónica 3 (42,9%). En 3 (42,9%) el nódulo era único. Uno presentó invasión macrovascular y ninguno diseminación extrahepática. La terapia hemostática inicial y el tratamiento para el CHC se individualizó. En los pacientes con lesión única: resección (un caso) con recidiva a los 4 meses tratada con quimioembolización transarterial (QETA) y sorafenib. QETA/embolización transarterial (ETA) seguido de cirugía (2 casos), uno en remisión 43 meses después, el otro presentó recurrencia hepática a los 18 meses y fue trasplantado. En los pacientes con lesiones múltiples: ETA/cirugía urgente y terapia sistémica (2 casos), uno lenvatinib (supervivencia un año) y el otro sorafenib (supervivencia 5 meses). ETA y la cirugía con terapia sistémica posterior (un caso). Cirugía hemostática inicial, falleciendo durante el ingreso (un caso). Ningún paciente desarrolló metástasis intraperitoneal. Todos los pacientes con lesiones múltiples fallecieron. La tasa de supervivencia a 3 años fue del 42,9%.

Conclusiones

La hemostasia inicial se consiguió en todos los pacientes mediante ETA/QETA o cirugía. El tratamiento posterior se individualizó, según las características del tumor, independientemente del comienzo como CHC roto. Los pacientes con un nódulo lograron remisión a largo plazo.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma hepatocelular
Cirrosis
Hemoperitoneo
Cirugía

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