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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Adenocarcinoma esofágico y esófago de Barrett. Adenocarcinoma gástrico y Heli...
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Vol. 31. Issue S4.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Pages 66-69 (October 2008)
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Vol. 31. Issue S4.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Pages 66-69 (October 2008)
Jornada de actualización en gastroenterología aplicada
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Adenocarcinoma esofágico y esófago de Barrett. Adenocarcinoma gástrico y Helicobacter pylori
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Montserrat Andreu Garcia
Corresponding author
mandreu@imas.imim.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Sección de Gastroenterología. Hospital del Mar. Pg. Marítim, 25-29. 08003 Barcelona. España.
Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Sección de Gastroenterología. Hospital del Mar. Barcelona. España
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Resumen

En las últimas dos décadas se ha observado un aumento progresivo de la incidencia de cáncer de esófago, especialmente los adenocarcinomas localizados en la unión esofagogástrica, mientras que la incidencia de cáncer gástrico se ha reducido en las últimas décadas, aunque este decremento presenta gran variabilidad geográfica, países como Chile, Colombia o Irlanda mantienen una prevalencia alta y la afección sigue siendo la neoplasia más frecuente en ambos sexos en regiones como China o Japón. Entre todos los trabajos presentados en el congreso de la American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) sobre prevención y tratamiento del cáncer gastroesofágico, destacan las siguientes aportaciones.

En el esófago de Barrett (EB), deben mejorarse la implementación del uso de las guías clínicas para incrementar su aplicación en la prevención y la vigilancia del trastorno; el tratamiento con inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP) no parece reducir el riesgo de cáncer esofágico; la terapia endoscópica del cáncer intramucoso mediante resección completa de la mucosa es efectiva. Respecto al cáncer gástrico en presencia de Helycobacter pylori, eliminarlo previene el desarrollo de cáncer gástrico metacrónico en pacientes tratados de un primer adenocarcinoma intramucoso mediante resección endoscópica. Los pacientes con linfoma MALT tienen un riesgo de contraer cáncer gástrico que es 6 veces el de la población general. La terapia fotodinámica puede ser una alternativa para el tratamiento del adenocarcinoma gástrico «no visible», siempre seguida de controles endoscópicos.

Palabras clave:
Esófago de Barrett
Cáncer de esófago
Adenocarcinoma de esófago
Cáncer gástrico
Adenocarcinoma gástrico
Helicobacter pylori
Linfoma MALT
Abstract

In the last two decades, the incidence of esophageal cancer has progressively increased, especially that of adenocarcinomas localized in the esophagogastric junction. The incidence of gastric cancer has decreased in the last few decades, although this decrease shows wide geographical variations. Thus, the prevalence of gastric cancer continues to be high in countries such as Chile, Colombia and Ireland and this disease remains the most frequent neoplasm in both sexes in China and Japan. In the meeting of the American Gastroenterological Association, notable among all the studies presented on the prevention and treatment of esophageal and gastric cancer were the following contributions: the use of clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and surveillance of Barrett's esophagus (BE) should be improved; treatment with proton pump inhibitors does not seem to reduce the risk of esophageal cancer; endoscopic therapy of intramucosal cancer through complete mucosal resection is effective; Helicobacter pylori eradication prevents the development of metachronous gastric cancer in patients treated for a first intramucosal adenocarcinoma through endoscopic resection; the risk of developing gastric cancer is 6 times higher in patients with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma than in the general population; and photodynamic therapy may be an alternative for the treatment of “invisible” gastric adenocarcinoma, which should be followed-up endoscopically.

Key words:
Barrett's esophagus
esophageal cancer
esophageal adenocarcinoma
gastric cancer
gastric adenocarcinoma
Helicobacter pylori
MALT lymphoma
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Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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