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Vol. 34. Issue S1.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Pages 59-63 (January 2011)
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Vol. 34. Issue S1.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Pages 59-63 (January 2011)
Oncología digestiva
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Cribado del cáncer colorrectal
Colorectal cancer screening
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Antoni Castells
Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, España
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)
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Resumen

El cáncer colorrectal constituye la neoplasia más frecuente en los países occidentales y la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer. Ello se debe a la escasa introducción de las estrategias de cribado o detección precoz. En el congreso de la American Gastroenterological Association se han presentado varios estudios que aportan novedades relevantes en relación con la eficacia y la eficiencia de diversas aproximaciones. Entre ellos, destaca la evaluación de las nuevas pruebas de detección de sangre oculta en heces mediante métodos inmunológicos, en especial por lo que respecta al número de determinaciones, punto de corte de positividad, intervalo de edad de la población diana y periodicidad de ésta. Por otro lado, y constituyendo una de las principales aportaciones del congreso, se han presentado los resultados de un estudio controlado y aleatorizado inglés que demuestra el efecto beneficioso de una única sigmoidoscopia realizada alrededor de los 60 años de edad en relación con la incidencia de cáncer colorrectal global y distal, y la mortalidad asociada. En este estudio, el efecto protector de la sigmoidoscopia se mantiene durante un período de, como mínimo, 10 años.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer colorrectal
Cribado
Prevención secundaria
Adenoma
Abstract

Colorectal cancer is the most frequent neoplasm in the Western countries and the second cause of death from cancer. This situation is due to the underuse of screening or early detection strategies. In the American Gastroenterological Association's congress, several studies reported major advances in the efficacy and efficiency of diverse approaches. Notable among these was evaluation of new fecal occult blood tests through immunological methods, especially with regard to the number of determinations, the cut-off point for positivity, age range of the target population and periodicity. One of the main contributions to the congress were the results of a UK controlled randomized trial showing the benefit of a single sigmoidoscopy performed in persons aged approximately 60 years on reducing the incidence of distal colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer overall and associated mortality. In this trial, the protective effect of sigmoidoscopy was maintained for a minimum of 10 years.

Keywords:
Colorectal cancer
Screening
Secondary prevention
Adenoma
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Copyright © 2011. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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