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Resumen
En el pasado congreso de la American Gastroenterological Association se han presentado novedades de interés en el tratamiento de la hepatitis C, especialmente relacionadas con el esperanzador incremento de la eficacia terapéutica de la combinación del tratamiento convencional con telaprevir, inhibidor selectivo de la proteasa viral. También se puso de manifiesto la influencia de la replicación viral del virus B en el desarrollo de complicaciones, especialmente el desarrollo de hepatocarcinoma. En este sentido, parece que fármacos como entecavir y tenofovir son capaces de proporcionar inhibiciones sostenidas de la replicación viral sin desarrollo de resistencias. En el campo de las complicaciones de la cirrosis se ha evidenciado la creciente influencia pronóstica de las infecciones bacterianas, asociadas a un incremento del riesgo de muerte. Asimismo, diversas comunicaciones han profundizado en el papel de la elastografía hepática tanto en la evaluación de la fibrosis hepática como en el seguimiento de la respuesta al tratamiento y en el trasplante hepático. La importancia de la enfermedad hepática por depósito de grasa ha quedado claramente reflejada en diversos estudios que confirman la influencia de la diabetes en la inflamación y la fibrosis y el incremento en la indicación de trasplante hepático por esta enfermedad, que por otra parte puede recidivar en el injerto, especialmente en pacientes con mayor elevación del índice de masa corporal. En relación con el hepatocarcinoma, un metaanálisis y un modelo de decisión no fueron capaces de detectar diferencias en la supervivencia de los pacientes con tumores pequeños tratados con radiofrecuencia o cirugía.
Palabras clave:
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis B
Carcinoma hepatocelular
Elastografía de transición
Hígado graso no alcohólico
Insuficiencia hepática aguda
Infecciones bacterianas en la cirrosis
Abstract
In Digestive Disease Week 2008, interesting advances in the treatment of hepatitis C were presented, especially related to the promising increase in the therapeutic efficacy of the combination of conventional treatment with the protease inhibitor, telaprevir. Also revealed was the influence of viral replication of hepatitis B virus in the development of complications, including hepatocarcinoma. In this sense, drugs such as entecavir and tenofovir seem to provide sustained inhibition of viral replication without the development of resistance.
Among the complications of cirrhosis, the growing prognostic implications of bacterial infections, associated with an increased risk of death, have been demonstrated. Likewise, diverse studies have provided greater understanding of the role of elastography in the evaluation of liver fibrosis, including the role of this technique in the evaluation of treatment response and in liver transplantation. The importance of fatty acid liver disease was clearly shown in several studies confirming the influence of diabetes in the presence of inflammation and fibrosis and the increase in the indication of liver transplantation for this disease, which may recur in the graft, especially in patients with a high body mass index. A meta-analysis of hepatocarcinoma and a decision model were unable to detect differences in survival in small tumors treated with radiofrequency or surgery.
Key words:
Hepatitis C
hepatitis B
hepatocellular carcinoma
transient elastography
non-alcoholic fatty liver
acute liver failure
bacterial infections in cirrhosis
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