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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Estudio de pacientes remitidos por elevación de la ferritina y/o saturación de...
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Vol. 27. Issue 9.
Pages 508-514 (January 2004)
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Vol. 27. Issue 9.
Pages 508-514 (January 2004)
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Estudio de pacientes remitidos por elevación de la ferritina y/o saturación de la transferrina: importancia del hígado graso no alcohólico
Study Of Patients Referred For Elevated Ferritin Levels And/Or Transferrin Saturation: Significance Of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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F. Pérez-Aguilar
Corresponding author
fperezaguilar@terra.es

Correspondencia: Dr. F. Pérez-Aguilar. Servicio de Medicina Digestiva. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Avda. Campanar, 21. 46009 Valencia. España.
, S. Benlloch, M. Berenguer
Servicio de Medicina Digestiva. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Valencia. España
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Article information
Objetivo

Determinar la etiología de la elevación de la ferritina y/o de la saturación de la transferrina en pacientes en los que se han descartado las causas clásicas.

Pacientes Y Método

Se estudió a 43 pacientes (35 varones y 8 mujeres) remitidos tras la detección de unos valores de ferritinemia > 300 ng/ml y/o un índice de saturación de transferrina (IST) > 40%. En todos se analizaron la glucemia, el colesterol, los triglicéridos, el ácido úrico, la bilirrubina total y fraccionada, las transaminasas, la gammaglutamiltranspeptidasa, la sideremia, el IST, la ferritina, las mutaciones del gen HFE, la ceruloplasmina y las porfirinas totales en orina de 24 h, y se les efectuó una ecografía abdominal. Se realizó una biopsia hepática a 14 pacientes.

Resultados

El 53% presentaba sobrepeso y el 19%, obesidad. Se detectó alteración del metabolismo hidrocarbonado en el 33%, hipercolesterolemia en el 14%, hipertrigliceridemia en el 35% e hiperlipemia de tipo IIb en el 16%. El 32% presentaba una elevación aislada de la ferritina; el 12%, del IST, y el 56%, una elevación de ambas. En el 61%, las transaminasas eran normales. En 10 pacientes no se observó ninguna mutación del gen HFE, mientras que en 18 se detectó la mutación H63D/wt; en 1, la C262Y/wt; en 5, la C282Y/H63D; en 4, la C282Y/C282Y; en 3, la H63D/H63D, y en 1, la Ser65cys/wt. Se evidenció esteatosis ecográfica en 19 pacientes (44%). Los diagnósticos definitivos fueron hemocromatosis ligada al gen HFE (n = 4), hemocromatosis juvenil (n = 1), porfiria hepatocutánea (n = 1) e hígado graso no alcohólico (n = 22; 51%). La mayoría de los restantes pacientes podían ser incluidos dentro del síndrome de resistencia a la insulina. Se efectuaron flebotomías en 25 pacientes, con mejoría clinicoanalítica.

Conclusiones

La detección de un hígado graso no alcohólico es frecuente en pacientes remitidos por alteración del metabolismo férrico. En estos pacientes se debe buscar alteraciones metabólicas y realizar una ecografía hepática y, si procede, una biopsia. Las flebotomías pueden ser útiles en el tratamiento.

Objective

To determine the etiology of increased ferritin concentrations and/or transferrin saturation in patients in whom classical causes were ruled out.

Patients and Method

We studied 43 patients (35 males and 8 females) who were referred for ferritinemia greater than 300 ng/ml and or a transferrin saturation index (TSI) greater than 40%. In all patients, glycemia, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, total and fractionated bilirubin, transaminase, gammaglutamyltranspeptidase, sideremia, TSI, ferritin, HFE gene mutations, ceruloplasmin and total 24-hour urine porphyrin were evaluated and abdominal ultrasonography was performed. In 14 patients liver biopsy was performed.

Results

Fifty-three percent was overweight and 19% was obese. Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism were detected in 33%, hypercholesterolemia was found in 14%, hypertriglyceridemia in 35%, and hyperlipemia type IIb in 16%. Thirty-two percent showed isolated elevated ferritin, 12% had elevated TSI and 56% showed elevation of both. Transaminase levels were normal in 61%. No mutation in the HFE gene was found in 10 patients, the H63D/wt mutation was found in 18, C262Y/wt in 1, C282Y/H63D in 5, C282Y/C282Y in 4, H63D/H63D in 3 and Ser65cys/wt in 1. Ultrasonography revealed steatosis in 19 patients (44%). Definitive diagnoses were HFE-linked hemochromatosis (4 patients), juvenile hemochromatosis (1 patient), hepaticocutaneous porphyria (1 patient), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (22 patients; 51%). Most of the remaining patients could be included under insulin resistance syndrome. Phlebotomy was performed in 25 patients, with improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters.

Conclusions

Non-alcoholic fatty acid disease is frequently detected in patients with iron metabolism disorders. These patients should undergo investigations for metabolic alterations and liver ultrasonography and, if necessary, biopsy. Phlebotomy can be useful in the treatment of these patients.

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