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Vol. 45. Issue 10.
Pages 767-779 (December 2022)
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Vol. 45. Issue 10.
Pages 767-779 (December 2022)
Original article
Evolution of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis cured with direct-acting antivirals. Long-term follow-up
Evolución de los pacientes con infección crónica por hepatitis C con fibrosis avanzada o cirrosis curado con antivirales de acción directa. Seguimiento a largo plazo
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Ester Badia Aranda
Corresponding author
esterbadara@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Cristina Fernández Marcos, Aida Puebla Maestu, Visitación Gozalo Marín, Raquel Vinuesa Campo, Sara Calvo Simal, Judith Gómez Camarero
Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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Abstract
Aims

To analyse laboratory parameters, clinical and fibrosis evolution in F3-F4 patients cured with direct-acting antivirals (DAA).

Methods

Unicentric, observational and prospective study. All F3-F4 hepatitis C patients cured with DDA from 01/11/2014 to 31/08/2019 were included. A basal visit (BV) was performed and 12 weeks (12 w), 1, 2, 3 and 4 years after treatment.

Demographic and laboratory variables, fibrosis measured by non-invasive tests, indirect markers of portal hypertension, the presence of esophageal varices, cirrhosis decompensation and hepatoceullar carcinoma were collected.

Results

169 patients were treated: 123(72,8%) men, age 57,5 ± 12 years; 117(69,2%) with cirrhosis, 99(84,6%) Child A. 96,4% achieved SVR. The study was conducted for a median follow-up of 46,14 (2,89–62,55) months. It was observed a significant increase in platelets [155 × 10³/µl (BV);163 × 10³/µl (12 w)], cholesterol [158 mg/dl (BV);179 mg/dl (12 w)] and albumin [4,16 g/dl (BV); 4,34 g/dl (12 w)] and a significant decrease in ALT [82 UI/l (BV);23 UI/l (12 w], AST [69UI/L(BV);26UI/l (12 w)], GGT [118 UI/l (BV);48UI/l (12 w)] and bilirrubin [0,9 mg/dl (BV);0,7 mg/dl (12 w)]. Fibrosis also improved early in follow-up, both by serological methods and Fibroscan [19,9 KPa (BV); 14,8 KPa (12 w;p < 0.05].

8,1% of compensated cirrhosis patients had some decompensation. 4,5% developed esophageal varices. Nine patients (5,52%) had “de novo” hepatocellular carcinoma; 6 (3,68%) had hepatoceullar carcinoma in BV and 40% had a recurrence. During follow-up mortality was 9,2%.

Conclusions

There is an improvement in laboratory parameters and fibrosis measured by non-invasive methods in F3–F4 patients cured with DAA. However, the risk of decompensation and the incidence/recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma still remain, so there is a need to follow these patients.

Keywords:
Hepatitis C
Direct-acting antivirals
Sustained virological response
Evolution
Decompensation
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Resumen
Objetivos

Analizar la evolución analítica, clínica y de la fibrosis en pacientes F3-F4 curados con antivirales de acción directa (AAD).

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio unicéntrico, observacional y prospectivo. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con hepatitis C F3-F4 curados con AAD del 01/11/2014 al 31/08/2019. Se realizó una visita basal (VB) y a las 12 semanas (12 s), 1, 2, 3 y 4 años tras finalizar el tratamiento.

Se recogieron variables demográficas, analíticas, medición no invasiva de la fibrosis, marcadores indirectos de hipertensión portal, presencia de varices esofágicas, descompensaciones de la cirrosis y hepatocarcinoma.

Resultados

Se trataron 169 pacientes: 123 (72,8%) hombres, edad 57,5 ± 12 años; 117 (69,2%) presentaban cirrosis, 99 (84,6%) Child A. El 96,4% consiguió RVS.

La mediana de seguimiento fue de 46,14 (2,89–62,55) meses. Durante el seguimiento se observó precozmente un aumento significativo de plaquetas [155 × 10³/µL(VB);163 × 10³/µL(12 s)], colesterol [158 mg/dL(VB);179 mg/dL(12 s)] y albúmina [4,16 g/dL(VB);4,34 g/dL (12 s)] y un descenso significativo de GPT [82UI/L(VB);23UI/L(12 s)], GOT [69UI/L(VB);26UI/L(12 s)], GGT [118UI/L(VB);48UI/L(12 s)], y bilirrubina [0,9 mg/dL(VB);0,7 mg/dL(12 s)]. La fibrosis disminuyó, también inicialmente, tanto con métodos serológicos como Fibroscan [19,9KPa(VB); 14,8 KPa(12 s)]; p < 0.05].

El 8,1% de los pacientes con cirrosis compensada presentó alguna descompensación. Un 4,5% desarrolló varices esofágicas.

Nueve (5,52%) pacientes presentaron hepatocarcinoma “de novo”; seis (3,68%) lo presentaban basalmente y el 40% sufrió recidiva.

Durante el seguimiento la mortalidad fue del 9,2%.

Conclusiones

Existe mejoría de los parámetros analíticos y de la fibrosis hepática medida por métodos no invasivos en los pacientes F3-F4 curados con AAD. Sin embargo, el riesgo de descompensación y de hepatocarcinoma persiste, por lo que se debe mantener el seguimiento.

Palabras clave:
Hepatitis C
Antivirales de acción directa
Respuesta virológica sostenida
Evolución
Descompensaciones
Hepatocarcinoma

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