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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) Serological response to vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with inflammator...
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Vol. 46. Issue 1.
Pages 48-53 (January 2023)
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Vol. 46. Issue 1.
Pages 48-53 (January 2023)
Original article
Serological response to vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Respuesta serológica a las vacunas frente a SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal
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Alicia Algabaa,
Corresponding author
alicia_algaba@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Sara Romeroa, Alicia Granjaa, Daniel Garzaa, Mar Allera, Sara Barreroa, Iván Guerraa, Marina Gila, Nazaret Pizarroa, Paloma Ruiza, Santiago Prietob, Belén Hernándezc, Aranzazu Pouc, Fernando Bermejoa
a Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Laboratorio, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
c Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Objective

To study the serological response (SR) and tolerability of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its relation with IBD treatment and type of vaccine.

Methods

Observational, cross-sectional study in patients with IBD vaccinated against COVID-19 without known previous infection. SR was analyzed by the determination of IgG antibodies against the S1 subunit. Safety was studied using a questionnaire to identify adverse effects (AE).

Results

280 patients with IBD were included. Type of vaccines: Comirnaty® 68.8%; Spikevax® 10.8%, Vaxzevria® 18.3%, Ad26.COV2-S® 2.2%. 51.3% had AE, being 100% mild. 65% developed IgG antibodies after vaccination. The SR was higher for vaccines with mRNA technology (100% Spikevax®, 68.5% Comirnaty®) compared to those based on adenovirus vector (38.0% Vaxzevria®, 33.3% Ad26.COV2-S®) (P < .001). In the multivariate analysis, SR was related to age (<60 years; OR: 3.8, 95% CI 1.9–7.0; P < .001). The SR in patients with aminosalicylates was 65.4%, 61.4% with immunosuppressants, 65.8% with anti-TNF, and 68.7% with non-anti-TNF biologicals (P = .9).

Conclusions

One third of patients with IBD did not develop antibodies with the initial vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The SR to vaccines based on mRNA technology was higher, and it was related to age (higher in younger patients). Immunosuppressants and biologicals did not decrease SR. More than half of the patients presented AD, being mild in all cases.

Keywords:
Inflammatory bowel disease
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
COVID-19
Biologicals
Resumen
Objetivo

Estudiar la respuesta serológica (RS) y tolerabilidad frente a la vacuna COVID-19 en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) y su relación con el tratamiento de la EII y tipo de vacuna.

Métodos

Estudio observacional, transversal en pacientes con EII vacunados contra COVID-19 sin infección previa conocida. La RS se analizó mediante la determinación de anticuerpos IgG frente a la subunidad S1. La seguridad se estudió mediante cuestionario para identificación de efectos adversos (EA).

Resultados

Se incluyeron 280 pacientes con EII. Tipo de vacunas: Comirnaty® 68,8%; Spikevax® 10,8%, Vaxzevria® 18,3%, Ad26.COV2-S® 2,2%. Un 51,3% tuvo EA, siendo el 100% leves. Un 65% desarrolló anticuerpos IgG tras la vacunación. La RS fue superior para vacunas con tecnología ARNm (100% Spikevax®, 68,5% Comirnaty®) frente a las basadas en vector con adenovirus (38,0% Vaxzevria®, 33,3% Ad26.COV2-S®) (P < ,001). En el análisis multivariante la RS se relacionó con la edad (<60 años; OR: 3,8, IC 95% 1,9–7,0; P < ,001). La RS en pacientes con aminosalicilatos fue del 65,4%, 61,4% con inmunosupresor, 65,8% con anti-TNF y 68,7% con biológicos no anti-TNF (P = ,9).

Conclusiones

Un tercio de pacientes con EII no desarrolló anticuerpos con la pauta vacunal inicial frente a SARS-CoV-2. La RS a las vacunas basadas en tecnología ARNm fue superior, y estuvo relacionada con la edad (mayor en pacientes más jóvenes). Los inmunosupresores y biológicos no disminuyeron la RS. Más de la mitad de los pacientes presentaron EA, leves en todos los casos.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal
Vacuna infección SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
Biológicos

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