Recommendations of the Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU) on the utility of the determination of faecal calprotectin in inflammatory bowel disease | Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition)

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"apellidos" => "Gisbert" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Eugeni" "apellidos" => "Domènech" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "María" "apellidos" => "Chaparro" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Maria" "apellidos" => "Esteve" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Francisco" "apellidos" => "Rodríguez-Moranta" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 9 => array:1 [ "colaborador" => "on behalf of GETECCU" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servei d’Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servei d’Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servei d’Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servei d’Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Spain" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Recomendaciones del Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa (GETECCU) sobre la utilidad de la determinación de calprotectina fecal en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionCrohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic, progressive inflammatory diseases characterised by alternating periods of activity and remission of unpredictable duration. Management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently based on the objective assessment of intestinal lesions and, in general, decision-making guided purely by clinical symptoms is not considered appropriate. There are two reasons for this. First of all, gastrointestinal symptoms do not accurately reflect the presence or severity of gastrointestinal lesions. More than a third of patients in clinical remission have endoscopic lesions and, in more than 10% of symptomatic patients, the endoscopy is normal.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0560">1,2</a> It is therefore easy to see how making therapeutic decisions based purely on the symptoms can lead to serious errors. Secondly, improvement or disappearance of intestinal lesions is known to be associated with a less severe disease course, with less likelihood of complications or the need for hospitalisation or surgery.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0570">3,4</a> All this has renewed interest in endoscopy and imaging techniques in the assessment of patients with IBD. These methods provide valuable information about the severity and extent of lesions and the development of complications. However, in view of their high cost, limited availability and invasive nature, they are not suitable for periodic monitoring of the disease.It would therefore be of great benefit to clinicians to have simple and non-invasive tools with which to monitor IBD activity and identify the presence of lesions. A number of serum biomarkers have been proposed, with the most widely used being C-reactive protein (CRP). However, CRP is nonspecific and can be elevated in extraintestinal inflammatory processes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0580">5</a> An ideal biomarker should accurately distinguish between the existence and absence of lesions, and be related to their severity and the response to treatment. It should also be widely accessible, easy to use and affordable. To a greater or lesser extent, faecal calprotectin (FC) meets these requirements and it is presently the best characterised commercially available biomarker in IBD.FC is a calcium-binding protein with antimicrobial, antiproliferative and pro-inflammatory properties. It is derived predominantly from neutrophils, of which it is the main cytosolic protein and, to a lesser extent, from monocytes and activated macrophages. FC is released in very early stages of the inflammatory process and its concentration in the stool is directly proportional to the presence of neutrophils in the intestinal lumen.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0585">6</a> FC levels show good correlation with the excretion of indium-111-labelled leucocytes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0590">7</a> and with the permeability of the intestinal mucosa.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0595">8</a> It is resistant to bacterial degradation and stable at room temperature for days, with these characteristics making it suitable for use in clinical practice.The aim of this document is to provide an update on the utility of FC in patients with IBD in clinical practice.Available methods for measuring faecal calprotectinWhat methods are available for determining faecal calprotectin?The most commonly used methods are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lateral-flow immunochromatography, which is used in so-called “rapid tests”. The antibodies used in both techniques can be polyclonal or monoclonal. The kits that use monoclonal antibodies are preferable as they have shown greater precision.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600">9,10</a>The ELISA tests are the most validated, are cheaper and provide a quantitative result that usually covers a wider range of values. However, they require a specialised laboratory and several dozen samples have to be accumulated in order to make the cost of each determination affordable, with the consequent delay in obtaining the results. In contrast, immunochromatographic tests (rapid tests) have the advantages of not requiring a laboratory and each sample being analysed individually, with the result available in a few minutes. Using a reader with the appropriate software, some of immunochromatographic tests can provide a quantitative result that correlates very well with the result obtained by ELISA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610">11,12</a> Others provide a semiquantitative or qualitative result quickly, easily and cheaply, although less evidence is available on their diagnostic accuracy.Kits have also recently been developed with a rapid faecal sample preparation device which combines the immunochromatographic technique with a smartphone-specific application, allowing reading from the phone itself and sending the result to a server to which the treating physician has access.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0620">13,14</a>In centres that process a large number of samples, the ELISA technique would be the best option, as it provides results with a wider range, is more economical and has shown greater accuracy. When an immediate result is required, or there are too few samples for the ELISA test to provide the result in a reasonable amount of time, quantitative rapid tests could be a good alternative. Although experience with this type of test is more limited, some of these kits have demonstrated a reliability similar to that of the ELISA tests in the prediction of endoscopic lesions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610">11,12</a>The semiquantitative or qualitative rapid tests are attractive for their simplicity and low cost. They have shown good accuracy for the differential diagnosis between IBD and noninflammatory pathology, so they could be used for this purpose. However, data are limited on their ability to identify endoscopic lesions in patients with IBD. An important drawback of this type of test is the loss of information that dichotomising a quantitative variable involves. There is a compromise between sensitivity and specificity along the continuum of FC values; different cut-off points may be considered optimal in different circumstances or indications, depending on whether we prefer to maximise sensitivity or specificity.Are the results comparable with the different measurement techniques or commercial brands?Considerable variability has been demonstrated in the results obtained with different commercial kits, whether or not they use the same technique<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0630">15–18</a> (ELISA, immunochromatography). This means that a sample may be above or below a certain cut-off point depending on the kit chosen, highlighting the urgent need to standardise the procedure. In the meantime, each manufacturer should determine their own reference limits or provide information about which kit their product has calibrated. For the same reason, it is not advisable to compare results obtained with different kits in the same patient.In contrast, the results obtained with different techniques (ELISA vs quantitative rapid test) from the same manufacturer have shown good correlation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610">11–14,19</a>Basic rules for collecting samplesWhen and how should we take samples?The recommendation is to collect a small amount of stool (approximately 3–5g, equivalent to one coffee spoon) and place it in a collection bottle, usually dispensed by the requesting centre. These containers do not require any specific treatment. The sample can be taken from any part of the stool, as FC is known to be uniformly distributed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655">20</a>There is still no consensus on the ideal time of day for sample collection. It had been suggested that the samples obtained from the first stool of the day might be the most suitable.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655">20</a> However, a rigorous study conducted in our area designed specifically to clarify this point showed the time of day to be irrelevant.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660">21</a>A marked decrease in FC levels has been found during preparation for a colonoscopy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0665">22</a> Therefore, if the patient has one scheduled, the sample should be collected before starting bowel cleansing or several days after the procedure.Can we store the sample or do we have to process it immediately?Once the sample is collected, it can be kept at room temperature for three days; subsequently, the levels tend to decrease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655">20</a> If the sample is not going to be analysed immediately, it can be stored for up to one week at 2–8°C or up to 12 months at −20°C, according to most manufacturers.Apart from inflammatory bowel disease, what other circumstances can elevate faecal calprotectin?There are several factors that can affect FC levels. Various studies have shown that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can elevate FC in asymptomatic patients, probably due to the gastrointestinal damage caused by these treatments.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0670">23–26</a> In healthy volunteers who received diclofenac for two weeks, FC increased in a quarter of the cases. However, in most the FC increase was modest (<100μg/g), many returned to normal during the treatment and all had returned to normal two weeks after it ended.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0685">26</a> Nevertheless, stopping NSAIDs two weeks prior to measuring FC is recommended. Otherwise, the possibility of a positive result being caused by NSAID treatment will have to be taken into account.When aspirin is used as an antithrombotic drug at a dose of 100mg per day, it does not seem to have a clinically significant effect on FC levels.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0690">27</a> Although a significant increase in FC has been found in healthy volunteers who received 100mg of aspirin daily, the maximum levels reached were low (<60μg/g).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0695">28</a> With the information available to date, and taking into account the importance of antithrombotic treatment in at-risk patients, the withdrawal of aspirin treatment when it is deemed necessary to determine FC is not justified.Proton pump inhibitors increase the risk of intestinal lesions in users of NSAIDs,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0700">29</a> but very little data is available on the impact these drugs can have on FC levels. In a study published in the form of a letter, treatment with proton pump inhibitors was associated with a rise in FC above normal levels.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0705">30</a> However, the evidence is insufficient to make a formal recommendation.Age can affect FC levels. Healthy children under the age of 4 have higher FC concentrations than adults, often from 50 to 250μg/g.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0710">31,32</a> In contrast, in a healthy adult population the concentration of FC increases with age, although within levels considered as normal (<50μg/g).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0720">33</a> Obesity, sedentary lifestyle and a diet low in fibre have also been associated with higher levels of FC, but also still normal (<50μg/g), and are therefore factors with no clinical relevance which do not affect the accuracy of the test.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0720">33</a>Last of all, we have to keep in mind the fact that any inflammatory condition of the intestine, such as infections or diverticulitis, can elevate FC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0725">34–36</a> It has been suggested that measuring FC could be useful in the assessment of acute diarrhoea to differentiate between bacterial or viral origin. Markedly high values would point to bacterial aetiology and help select the patients who would most benefit from having a rectal swab culture.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0740">37,38</a> More studies would be necessary to identify the optimal cut-off points for this purpose.Faecal calprotectin in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseaseCan faecal calprotectin help us in the differential diagnosis of a patient with gastrointestinal symptoms?Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in the general population and not very specific to organic disease. Therefore, basing the decision of whether or not to perform endoscopic examinations to rule out organic disease only on the patient's symptoms is not an efficient method. The value of FC for distinguishing between functional and organic gastrointestinal symptoms has been analysed in numerous studies. A meta-analysis that included 2475 patients found the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating organic from functional disease to be 83% and 84%, respectively.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0750">39</a> The main drawback of FC in this context is its low accuracy for detecting colorectal cancer (CRC).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0755">40</a> For that reason, in a study population at risk of CRC (e.g., patient aged >50 or with a family history of CRC) FC will not be the most appropriate test. However, in a context of low CRC risk (e.g., population aged below 50) FC can be a very valuable tool for distinguishing between IBD and irritable bowel syndrome. The two disorders have similar symptoms and performing endoscopic examinations to differentiate them can be costly, invasive and inefficient. A meta-analysis which included 13 studies with 1041 patients (670 adults and 371 children) demonstrated a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 96% for the identification of IBD in adults. In the paediatric population, the sensitivity was similar, but there was lower specificity (76%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0760">41</a>A recent study measured FC levels in 895 patients aged from 18 to 50 with gastrointestinal symptoms<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0765">42</a>; 10% were diagnosed with IBD. The area under the ROC curve of faecal calprotectin concentrations to distinguish between IBD and functional disease was 0.97. In order to maximise sensitivity, by combining FC levels and five alarm symptoms (rectal bleeding, bloody diarrhoea, nocturnal symptoms, weight loss and anaemia) a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 55% were obtained.FC can therefore be considered as an adequate test for identifying symptomatic patients with a high likelihood of organic disease who will then need additional investigations, especially in a population at low risk of CRC. This could be particularly useful in primary care as a screening method to decide on colonoscopy or specialist referral.The most accepted FC cut-off point in this clinical context is 50μg/g. A systematic review which included 28 studies evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of FC for distinguishing between IBD and irritable bowel syndrome. Using this FC threshold, an overall sensitivity of 93% (range 83–100%) and a specificity of 94% (range 60–100%) were obtained. In the paediatric population, with this same cut-off point, the sensitivity ranged from 95% to 100% and the specificity from 44% to 93%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0770">43</a>However, in the study by Kennedy et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0765">42</a> with an FC cut-off point of 100μg/g, the sensitivity was 96% and the negative predictive value 99%, very similar to that obtained with a cut-off point of 50μg/g (97 and 99%, respectively), significantly improving the positive predictive value (from 37% to 54%) and the specificity (from 74% to 87%). Along the same lines, in a recent study carried out in primary care in 789 young patients, an FC ≥100μg/g differentiated between functional disease and IBD with positive and negative predictive values of 49% and 99% respectively.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0775">44</a> It should be noted that this study included 311 patients with clinical signs of alarm in which FC maintained a high negative predictive value (98%).Therefore, in the differential diagnosis of young patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, it seems reasonable not to indicate invasive tests if the FC is less than 100μg/g. With values from 100 to 150μg/g, a repeat FC should be considered within a few weeks. Lastly, with values above 150μg/g it would be prudent to indicate additional tests.Faecal calprotectin as biomarker in ulcerative colitisIs faecal calprotectin a reliable endoscopic activity marker in ulcerative colitis?Numerous studies have shown that FC is a reliable marker of endoscopic activity in UC, and this has been confirmed by two recent meta-analyses.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0780">45,46</a> For this particular purpose, FC is superior to CRP and other faecal biomarkers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610">11,47,48</a> Overall, the sensitivity and specificity obtained in these studies were 80–90% and 70–80%, respectively, depending on the cut-off point used (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610">11,45–50</a> In the majority of studies, FC has been shown to correlate not only with the presence or absence of endoscopic activity, but also with the degree of activity assessed by different endoscopic indices,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610">11,47–51</a> although the optimal cut-off point for identifying serious lesions has not been defined.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>The extent of the disease seems to have little influence on FC levels, less than the severity of endoscopic lesions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0800">49,52,53</a> In two studies, one Spanish and the other Belgian, the extension of colitis was significantly related to FC concentration in the univariate analysis. However, in the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for extension and severity of endoscopic activity, only the severity continued to be statistically significant.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610">11,54</a>FC is therefore a highly reliable biomarker for detecting endoscopic activity in UC.What cut-off points are indicative of endoscopic remission in ulcerative colitis?The cut-off point will depend on the definition of endoscopic remission and what compromise between sensitivity and specificity is decided on (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). In general, endoscopic remission is usually accepted, in addition to completely normal mucosa or the presence of mild changes without erosions or spontaneous bleeding (Mayo endoscopic subscore 0 or 1). With this definition of endoscopic remission, the most appropriate cut-off point would be 250μg/g.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610">11,49,51</a>However, if a stricter definition of remission is considered, such as completely normal mucosa (Mayo endoscopic subscore 0), the cut-off point will be lower. Although there is less evidence on this aspect, a cut-off point between 100 and 150μg/g has shown very good diagnostic accuracy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610">11,48</a>Can faecal calprotectin predict histological activity in ulcerative colitis?One of the most interesting characteristics of FC is its ability to detect intestinal inflammation early, even before endoscopic changes have occurred.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0585">6</a>In UC, the mucosa often does not completely return to normal histologically, even in patients who achieve clinical and endoscopic remission. There is growing evidence that persistent microscopic inflammation, even in the absence of endoscopic lesions, is associated with an increased risk of recurrence.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0830">55–58</a> Added to that, the severity of the inflammation is an important determinant of the risk of colorectal cancer.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0850">59,60</a> For these reasons, it could be useful to have a non-invasive method for estimating histological activity. Several studies have shown that FC can identify histological remission in patients with UC to an acceptably accurate degree, with a sensitivity of 76–100% and specificity of 71–77%, respectively<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0860">61–65</a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). The cut-off points proposed for this purpose are between 100 and 170μg/g.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Faecal calprotectin as a biomarker in Crohn's diseaseIs faecal calprotectin reliable as a marker of endoscopic activity in colonic or ileal-colonic Crohn's disease?The studies carried out to date and two recent meta-analyses show that there is good correlation between the FC concentration and the endoscopic activity of CD assessed by different endoscopic indices, such as the Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS), the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) or the Lewis score (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615">12,45,46,49,51,66–69</a> The correlation is much higher than that between the clinical activity scores and CRP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615">12,48,67</a> According to a recent meta-analysis, the area under the ROC curve for the prediction of endoscopic activity is around 0.85.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0785">46</a> FC is also the only marker to have shown to discriminate between remission and mild, moderate and severe activity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615">12,67</a><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>What cut-off points are indicative of endoscopic remission in colonic or ileal-colonic Crohn's disease?In contrast to UC, there is no clearly established cut-off point in CD, partly because of the lack of a well-defined concept of remission for each of the endoscopic scores. The published studies propose cut-off points ranging from 70 to 270μg/g.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615">12,48,49,51,66,67</a> In all cases there is a sensitivity of around 70–80% and a specificity of around 80–97%.A recent meta-analysis suggests that the best compromise between sensitivity and specificity for detecting clinically relevant endoscopic lesions is obtained with a cut-off point of 250μg/g, which has a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 82% (area under the ROC curve 0.89).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0780">45</a>Is faecal calprotectin reliable as a marker of endoscopic activity in Crohn's disease only affecting the ileum?There is no unanimous agreement on whether or not the location of the CD affects the accuracy of FC to predict the presence of endoscopic lesions. While in some studies the accuracy is similar in the different locations,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0905">70,71</a> in most the correlation between FC and endoscopic activity is lower in ileal disease than in colonic or ileal-colonic disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615">12,66,67,72</a> The validity of the above results is limited by the fact that the examination of the ileum in these studies was performed by ileocolonoscopy and was therefore incomplete (as it is not possible to visualise stretches of proximal small intestine).Six recent studies specifically address this issue through a complete study of the ileum, three with balloon-assisted enteroscopy,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0910">71,73,74</a> one with magnetic resonance imaging<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0930">75</a> and two with capsule endoscopy<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0895">68,69</a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>). All six studies suggest that FC is a reliable marker of ileal endoscopic activity, although to a lesser extent than in colonic disease. However, the total number of patients included with disease localised purely in the small intestine is still small and does not allow definitive conclusions to be made.What cut-off points are indicative of endoscopic remission in Crohn's disease only affecting the ileum?The value of FC in association with endoscopic remission in CD only affecting the ileum is lower than that associated with colonic or ileal-colonic disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615">12,73,74</a> The level of 150μg/g has been proposed as a cut-off point with an optimal compromise to achieve a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 81%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0905">70</a> This figure is consistent with the results of Cerrillo et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0930">75</a> according to which a cut-off point of 167μg/g makes it possible to predict ileal activity assessed by magnetic resonance imaging with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 74%. Other studies propose a slightly lower cut-off of 100μg/g.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615">12,69</a> Further studies are needed to confirm these cut-off points.Is faecal calprotectin reliable as a marker of post-surgical recurrence in Crohn's disease?Monitoring for postoperative recurrence is one of the most desirable situations for the use of biomarkers in CD. A simple, reliable and accurate non-invasive marker capable of detecting recurrent lesions could be an alternative to endoscopy in the follow-up of patients post-surgery.A number of prospective studies examined the role of FC in this scenario<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615">12,76–81</a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>). All reported that FC has a high sensitivity and negative predictive value in the identification of postoperative recurrence defined as the presence of lesions ≥Rutgeerts score i2. FC can therefore rule out recurrence with a high degree of reliability and could be a very useful marker in the monitoring of these patients after surgery. It has to be borne in mind that FC values can remain high in the first three months after surgery, so measuring levels during that period is not useful.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0965">82</a><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia>What cut-off points are indicative of post-surgical recurrence in Crohn's disease?The larger studies carried out in this context agree that the optimal cut-off point for the prediction of endoscopic recurrence (Rutgeerts ≥i2) is 100μg/g.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0945">78–81</a> This value has been associated with a sensitivity and negative predictive value above 90%. In clinical practice, FC values below 100μg/g can be considered as meaning postsurgical recurrence is very unlikely and so avoid the need for colonoscopy. In the case of high values, however, endoscopic confirmation of recurrence would be advisable before making therapeutic decisions, as FC has limited specificity in this scenario. Repeated determinations might improve their accuracy, but the optimal frequency of testing has yet to be determined. A prospective study evaluated the determination of FC every two months for two years following an initial ileocolonoscopy without recurrent lesions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0970">83</a> None of the patients with FC consistently below 140μg/g had advanced recurrence (i3-i4), and only 10% had mild recurrence (i2) at 24 months. As long as we have no objective evidence with which to establish the most cost-effective interval between FC determinations in CD follow-up after bowel resection, it is reasonable to measure FC every 4–6 months, as suggested by the Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa; GETECCU).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0975">84</a>Faecal calprotectin in monitoring of response to treatmentAre faecal calprotectin levels associated with the success or failure of remission induction therapy in inflammatory bowel disease?In patients with active IBD and high levels of FC treated conventionally with corticosteroids or salicylates, the return to normal of FC (<100μg/g) is associated with a high probability of clinical and endoscopic remission.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0980">85,86</a> FC has also been shown to be effective as a marker of mucosal healing after treatment with mesalazine suppositories in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative proctitis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0990">87</a> FC is also a good predictor of recurrence in these patients, as it increases about eight weeks before the onset of symptoms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0990">87</a> The prognostic value of FC during hospital admission in patients with severe UC, when FC is extremely high, is limited by the great variability in FC over the course of the day.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660">21</a> In patients with IBD treated with anti-TNF drugs, FC levels are significantly reduced and return to normal in the majority of those who achieve endoscopic remission, both during induction and maintenance,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0995">88–90</a> with FC being a better marker than the clinical scores. In a post hoc analysis of a clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of tofacitinib in UC, a close relationship was also found between FC levels and endoscopic remission.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1010">91</a>Consequently, FC levels seem to return to normal when treatment, whatever it is, achieves mucosal healing (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia>Could measuring of faecal calprotectin be recommended during remission induction therapy?Based on the current evidence, monitoring FC can be useful in assessing the therapeutic response. A recent randomised clinical trial in patients with CD assessed the monitoring of FC and CRP every three months as indicators for adjusting anti-TNF therapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1015">92</a> The group in which these biomarkers were used in conjunction with the assessment of symptoms obtained better clinical results and higher rates of endoscopic remission than the group in which the treatment optimisation was based purely on symptoms. These findings highlight the role FC can play in identifying subclinical inflammation and the need to monitor patients with objective criteria.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a> shows the diagnostic accuracy of FC in the prediction of therapeutic response in different scenarios. According to these studies, it can be useful to determine FC before the induction treatment and at 8–12 weeks, although earlier determinations could have short-term prognostic value. In general, values below 100–150μg/g are associated with a good response to treatment.Faecal calprotectin as predictor of recurrenceCan measuring faecal calprotectin help predict recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease?Numerous studies, both in CD and UC, demonstrate the prognostic value of FC,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1020">93–107</a> particularly its high negative predictive power (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a>). Six of these studies are included in the meta-analysis by Mao et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1095">108</a> where the overall sensitivity and specificity for predicting recurrence were 78% and 73%, respectively. The prognostic capacity of FC is similar in CD and UC, although it seems lower in patients with CD with ileal involvement only. The best cut-off point has not been clearly defined and will depend on the desired compromise between sensitivity and specificity, but several studies coincide in placing it at around 150μg/g (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a>). FC has also been shown to have an independent predictive value for recurrence after withdrawal of anti-TNF treatment, even in patients with endoscopic scarring.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1090">107,109–111</a><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia>Should periodic determination of faecal calprotectin be recommended in patients in remission? If so, how often?In patients in remission, serial determinations of FC have a higher prognostic value than an isolated measurement. Studies which included periodic determinations show that FC elevation can be detected from three to six months before recurrence,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1070">103,106,107,111</a> and that repeatedly low values are highly predictive of sustained remission. De Vos et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1085">106</a> studied the predictive value of monthly measuring of FC in patients with UC in remission. Two consecutive measurements of FC >300μg/g predicted recurrence with a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 100%, both higher than those obtained with a single measurement. Also in that study, slight isolated elevations of FC were common, although without any clinical consequences.Based on the available evidence, therefore, periodic determination of FC can be used to predict recurrence. As the elevation of FC usually precedes recurrence by about 12 weeks, testing on a three-monthly basis would seem reasonable, especially in situations requiring closer clinical monitoring, such as after induction therapy or treatment modifications. In patients with a low baseline risk of recurrence, such as those in long-term remission or with recent evidence of endoscopic cure, testing frequency may be extended to every six months. Being able to measure FC at home could make it much easier to monitor IBD in remission.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0620">13,14,18</a>Final considerationsFC is the best biomarker of inflammation that we currently have in IBD. It is a valuable tool for differentiating between irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory processes in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. FC correlates with endoscopic activity in both UC and CD, is associated with clinical and endoscopic response to treatment and predicts short-term relapse, even in patients in endoscopic remission. It can therefore be a great help for clinicians in diagnosing and monitoring IBD, and adapting treatment. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0035">Table 7</a> shows suggested cut-off points for FC recommended for different clinical scenarios and explains how to interpret them.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0035"></elsevierMultimedia>There are a number of considerations which should be taken into account for the appropriate use of FC in clinical practice. First of all, any decision based on the FC results must be from consecutive serial measurements (at least two), not one single test result. This increases the accuracy of the test and cancels out the effect of any isolated fluctuations. Secondly, FC measurements should not be interpreted in isolation from the clinical context in which they are performed. It is important to remember that the predictive value of a high or low FC depends on the pre-test likelihood of there being endoscopic activity. The higher the pre-test likelihood of activity, the greater the possibility that a high FC value is a true positive and a low value is a false negative, and vice versa. For example, in a patient who presents with diarrhoea and abdominal pain after stopping treatment, a situation with pre-test likelihood of a high degree of activity, high FC values mean we can virtually guarantee there will be activity. A low value is most likely to be a false negative. In a patient in long-term clinical remission with a pre-test likelihood of low-degree activity, low FC values make the absence of activity very likely and the result is therefore a true negative. Last of all, clinical decision-making guided by FC levels will depend not only on the predictive value of the test, but also on how important the decision is; in other words, it will depend on the possible consequences of a false positive or false negative result. For example, a clinician may feel comfortable deciding on the frequency and type of follow-up visit (face-to-face/email or telephone, medical/nursing, etc.), an increase in salicylate dose or the start of a topically-acting systemic steroid or topical treatment based purely on the FC result. However, in the case of very important clinical decisions, such as the possibility of a surgical intervention, it may be advisable to turn to endoscopic examinations or imaging tests in order to minimise uncertainty.Nevertheless, to sum up, for clinicians aware of the benefits and limitations, FC can be a highly useful tool in the management of patients with IBD.Conflicts of interestNone of the authors has declared a conflict of interest with respect to this study." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:15 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1089499" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1032957" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1089500" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1032958" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Available methods for measuring faecal calprotectin" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "What methods are available for determining faecal calprotectin?" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Are the results comparable with the different measurement techniques or commercial brands?" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Basic rules for collecting samples" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "When and how should we take samples?" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Can we store the sample or do we have to process it immediately?" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Apart from inflammatory bowel disease, what other circumstances can elevate faecal calprotectin?" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Faecal calprotectin in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Can faecal calprotectin help us in the differential diagnosis of a patient with gastrointestinal symptoms?" ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Faecal calprotectin as biomarker in ulcerative colitis" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Is faecal calprotectin a reliable endoscopic activity marker in ulcerative colitis?" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "What cut-off points are indicative of endoscopic remission in ulcerative colitis?" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Can faecal calprotectin predict histological activity in ulcerative colitis?" ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Faecal calprotectin as a biomarker in Crohn's disease" "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0080" "titulo" => "Is faecal calprotectin reliable as a marker of endoscopic activity in colonic or ileal-colonic Crohn's disease?" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0085" "titulo" => "What cut-off points are indicative of endoscopic remission in colonic or ileal-colonic Crohn's disease?" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0090" "titulo" => "Is faecal calprotectin reliable as a marker of endoscopic activity in Crohn's disease only affecting the ileum?" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0095" "titulo" => "What cut-off points are indicative of endoscopic remission in Crohn's disease only affecting the ileum?" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0100" "titulo" => "Is faecal calprotectin reliable as a marker of post-surgical recurrence in Crohn's disease?" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0105" "titulo" => "What cut-off points are indicative of post-surgical recurrence in Crohn's disease?" ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0110" "titulo" => "Faecal calprotectin in monitoring of response to treatment" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0115" "titulo" => "Are faecal calprotectin levels associated with the success or failure of remission induction therapy in inflammatory bowel disease?" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0120" "titulo" => "Could measuring of faecal calprotectin be recommended during remission induction therapy?" ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0125" "titulo" => "Faecal calprotectin as predictor of recurrence" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0130" "titulo" => "Can measuring faecal calprotectin help predict recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease?" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0135" "titulo" => "Should periodic determination of faecal calprotectin be recommended in patients in remission? If so, how often?" ] ] ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0140" "titulo" => "Final considerations" ] 13 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0145" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 14 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2018-03-28" "fechaAceptado" => "2018-05-03" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1032957" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Calprotectin" 1 => "Crohn's disease" 2 => "Ulcerative colitis" 3 => "Endoscopic remission" 4 => "Histological remission" 5 => "Postsurgical recurrence" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1032958" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Calprotectina" 1 => "Enfermedad de Crohn" 2 => "Colitis ulcerosa" 3 => "Remisión endoscópica" 4 => "Remisión histológica" 5 => "Recurrencia posquirúrgica" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "The management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently based on the objective evaluation of intestinal lesions. It would therefore be interesting to have access to simple and non-invasive tools to monitor IBD activity and to identify the presence of lesions. Faecal calprotectin (FC) is the main cytosolic protein of neutrophils, it is resistant to bacterial degradation and it is stable at room temperature for several days, characteristics that make it suitable for use in clinical practice. It can be used to differentiate between inflammatory and functional processes, it correlates with endoscopic activity, it is associated with clinical and endoscopic response to treatment and it has short-term prognostic value. This paper offers an up-to-date perspective on the information that FC can provide clinicians to aid diagnosis, monitoring and management of IBD." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "Actualmente, el manejo de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) se basa en la evaluación objetiva de las lesiones intestinales. Por ello, es de interés disponer de herramientas sencillas y no invasivas con las que monitorizar la actividad de la EII e identificar la presencia de lesiones. La calprotectina fecal (CF) constituye la principal proteína citosólica de los neutrófilos, es resistente a la degradación bacteriana y estable a temperatura ambiente durante días, características que la hacen adecuada para su uso en la práctica clínica. Es útil para diferenciar entre procesos inflamatorios y funcionales, se correlaciona con la actividad endoscópica, se asocia con la respuesta clínica y endoscópica al tratamiento y tiene valor pronóstico a corto plazo. El presente documento pretende ofrecer una visión actualizada sobre la información que la CF puede proporcionar al clínico en el diagnóstico, la monitorización y el manejo de la EII." ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Guardiola J, Lobatón T, Cerrillo E, Ferreiro-Iglesias R, Gisbert JP, Domènech E, et al. Recomendaciones del Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa (GETECCU) sobre la utilidad de la determinación de calprotectina fecal en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;41:514–529." ] ] "multimedia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "AUC: area under the ROC curve; ES: endoscopic subscore; FC: faecal calprotectin; NPV: negative predictive value; PPV: positive predictive value; Sens.: sensitivity; Sp.: specificity.Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated considering as “true positive” the patient with activity and FC>the cut-off point." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Test \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Definition endoscopic activity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FC cut-off point (μg/g) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sens. (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sp. (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PPV (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AUC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Schoepfer et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0790">47</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">134 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Rachmilewitz ≥4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>50 >100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">93 86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">71 88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">91 98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">81 65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">D’Haens et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0800">49</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mayo ES >0 Mayo ES >1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">≥250 ≥250 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">71 86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100 77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100 82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">47 82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.85 – \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lobatón et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610">11</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">146 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mayo ES >0 Mayo ES >1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>160 >250 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">67 73 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">84 90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">58 86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">89 80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.92 0.86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Schoepfer et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0805">50</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">228 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Baron ≥2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">≥50 ≥57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">92 91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">86 90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">95 97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">92 75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.94 0.94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nancey et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0810">51</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Rachmilewitz ≥3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>100 >250 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100 91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">53 87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">85 87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100 91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.96 0.96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Jusué et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0795">48</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann Quantum Blue \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mayo ES >0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>102 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1862581.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Diagnostic accuracy of faecal calprotectin in the identification of endoscopic activity in ulcerative colitis." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "AUC: area under the ROC curve; FC: faecal calprotectin; NPV: negative predictive value; PPV: positive predictive value; Sens.: sensitivity; Sp.: specificity.Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated considering as “true positive” the patient with activity and FC>the cut-off point." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Test \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FC cut-off point (μg/g) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Definition \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sens. (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sp. (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PPV (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AUC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Guardiola et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0860">61</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">>155 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No acute inflammation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Theede et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0865">62</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann Quantum Blue \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">120 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">>171 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No acute inflammation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Zittan et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0870">63</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">>100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No acute inflammation or basal plasmacytosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mak et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0880">65</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Genova Diagnostics (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">>200 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">No acute inflammation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1862584.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Diagnostic accuracy of faecal calprotectin in the identification of histological remission in UC." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "AUC: area under the ROC curve; BAE: balloon-assisted enteroscopy; CDEIS: Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity; CE: capsule endoscopy; FC: faecal calprotectin; ILC: ileocolonoscopy; L1-L4: location of the disease according to the Montreal classification; MaRIA: Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity; MRE: magnetic resonance enterography; NPV: negative predictive value; PPV: positive predictive value; Sens.: sensitivity; SES-CD: Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease; Sp.: specificity.Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated considering as “true positive” the patient with activity and FC>the cut-off point." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Test \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Activity assessment method \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">L1/L2/L3/L4, n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Definition endoscopic activity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FC cut-off point (μg/g) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sens. (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sp. (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PPV (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AUC, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sipponen et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0885">66</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ILC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22/14/41/0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CDEIS ≥3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">≥50 ≥100 ≥200 ≥1000 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">91 81 70 69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">44 69 92 93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">76 84 61 87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">73 66 94 82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Schoepfer et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0890">67</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ILC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">41/26/73/0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CDEIS ≥4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">≥70 ≥50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">89 89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">72 58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">88 89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">76 61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">D’Haens et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0800">49</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ILC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">28/28/31/0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CDEIS ≥4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>250 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lobatón et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615">12</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ILC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">28/45/42/0 28/0/0/0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CDEIS ≥3 CDEIS ≥3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>274 >108 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">97 63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">77 100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">75 – \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">98 – \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.94 0.94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nancey et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0810">51</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ILC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">14/12/52/0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">SES-CD ≥3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>100 >250 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">88 71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">38 78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">62 79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">73 71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.77 0.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Arai et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0910">71</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">BAE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">27/12/50//0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">SES-CD >0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>215 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kawashima et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0925">74</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">BAE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22/3/45/0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CDEIS ≥3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>253 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Inokuchi et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0920">73</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">BAE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">22/16/33/0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">SES-CD >0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>180 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">92 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cerrillo et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0930">75</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Calprest (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MRE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">85/0/35/0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MaRIA ≥7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>167 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">76 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kopylov et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0895">68</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">46/0/6/0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lewis ≥135 Lewis >790 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>100 >100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– – \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– – \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">96 35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24 93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.80 0.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aggarwal et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0900">69</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Calpro AS (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">12/0/31/0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lewis >150 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Jusué et al.48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann Quantum Blue \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ILC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5/9/38/1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">SES-CD >0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>122 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1862582.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Diagnostic accuracy of faecal calprotectin in the identification of endoscopic activity in Crohn's disease." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "AUC: area under the ROC curve; FC: faecal calprotectin; NPV: negative predictive value; PPV: positive predictive value; Sens.: sensitivity; Sp.: specificity.Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated considering as “true positive” the patient with activity and FC>the cut-off point." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Test \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FC cut-off point (μg/g) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sens. (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sp. (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PPV (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AUC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lobatón et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615">12</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>150 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yamamoto et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0935">76</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Human Calprotectin (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>140 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lasson et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0940">77</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Boschetti et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0950">79</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>50 >100 >150 >250 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">98 95 77 52 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">33 54 82 91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">60 69 81 85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">94 93 78 65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wright et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0945">78</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>50 >100 >135 >150 >200 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">96 91 91 78 74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">38 56 62 67 77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">44 51 55 55 61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">94 93 93 86 85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Garcia-Planella et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0955">80</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Calprest (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">119 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>50 >100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">86 70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">27 64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">46 58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">73 75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lopes et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0960">81</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">EliA-Calprotectin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>50 >100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">94 74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">55 75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">52 61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">95 91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1862587.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Diagnostic accuracy of faecal calprotectin in the identification of post-surgical endoscopic recurrence in Crohn's disease (Rutgeerts Score ≥i2)." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at5" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "AUC: area under the ROC curve; CD: Crohn's disease; CDEIS: Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity; ES: endoscopic subscore; FC: faecal calprotectin; NPV: negative predictive value; PPV: positive predictive value; Sens.: sensitivity; SES-CD: Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease; Sp.: specificity; UC: ulcerative colitis.Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated considering as “true positive” the patient with activity and FC>the cut-off point." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Test \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Induction TRT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Time FC measured \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prediction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cut-off point (μg/g) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sens. % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sp. % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PPV % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wagner et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0980">85</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Calprest (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">UC+CD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">37 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Corticosteroids/salicylates \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Week 8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Clinical remission week 8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sipponen et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0985">86</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Corticosteroids/salicylates \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Week 16–24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Endoscopic remission weeks 16–24 (SES-CD ≤2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">92 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sipponen et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0995">88</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Anti-TNF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Week 12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Endoscopic remission week 12 (CDEIS <3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>200 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Molander et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1005">90</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Calpro AS (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">UC+CD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">38 60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Anti-TNF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">After induction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Endoscopic remission 1 year (CDEIS <3 or Mayo ES ≤ 1) Clinical recurrence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>100 >139 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">57 72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">71 80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">53 – \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">74 – \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">De Vos et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1000">89</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">UC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">53 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Anti-TNF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Week 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Endoscopic remission week 10 (Mayo ES ≤1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>50 or ↓ <80% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yamamoto et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0990">87</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Cell Sciences (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ulcerative proctitis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">160 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mesalazine suppositories \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Week 8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Endoscopic remission week 8 (Mayo ES ≤1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sandborn et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1010">91</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">UC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">194 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Tofacitinib vs placebo \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Week 8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Endoscopic remission week 8 (Mayo ES=0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>150 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1862583.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Diagnostic accuracy of faecal calprotectin in monitoring treatment response." ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0030" "etiqueta" => "Table 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at6" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "AUC: area under the ROC curve; CD: Crohn's disease; CDAI: Crohn's Disease Activity Index; DG: diagnosis; ET: Edwards and Truelove score; HBI: Harvey-Bradshaw Index; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; NPV: negative predictive value; PMS: Partial Mayo Score; PPV: positive predictive value; Sens.: sensitivity; Sp.: specificity; TW: modified Truelove Witts score; UC: ulcerative colitis; UCAI: Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Test \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Definition recurrence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cut-off point (μg/g) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sens. (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sp. (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PPV (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AUC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tibble et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1020">93</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ELISA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">IBD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CDAI >150 HBI >4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">250 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ferreiro et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1055">100</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann Quantum Blue \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">IBD CD UC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">53 33 20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">HBI >4 PMS >2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">160 160 160 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">92 87 100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">83 84 81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">69 97 48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">96 95 100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.88 0.89 0.86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kallel et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1035">96</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Calprest (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">53 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CDAI >150 or ΔCDAI >100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">340 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">García-Sánchez et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1050">99</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Calprest (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">IBD CD UC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">135 69 66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"> CDAI >150 TW ≥11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">150 200 120 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">75 80 81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">68 65 63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">49 46 49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">68 88 88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.72 0.75 0.70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Gisbert et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1040">97</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">IBD CD UC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">163 89 74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"> CDAI >150 TW ≥11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">167 169 164 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">69 69 69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">75 76 74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">35 33 36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">93 94 92 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.73 0.77 0.69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">D’Incà et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1045">98</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Calprest (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">IBD CD UC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">162 65 97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"> CDAI >150 ET >4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">130 130 130 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">68 65 70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">67 62 70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">52 44 60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">79 80 79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.67 0.65 0.70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Costa et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1025">94</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Calprest (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CD UC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">38 41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CDAI >150 UCAI >4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">150 150 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">87 89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">43 82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">50 81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">83 90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.58 0.87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Molander et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1090">107</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CALPRO (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">IBD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">HBI >4 with Δ ≥3 or HBI >8 PMS >2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">140 200 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">53 50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">79 83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">De Vos et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1085">106</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">UC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PMS >2 or treatment escalation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">>300×2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Laharie et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1080">105</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann (ELISA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CDAI >250 or treatment escalation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">130 250 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">61 43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">48 57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– – \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– – \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– – \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ferreiro et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1060">101</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann Quantum Blue \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">HBI >4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">204 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Garcia-Planella et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1070">103</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PreventID CalDetect \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">UC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">206 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">PMS ≥2+treatment escalation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Undetectable 15 60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">94 27 18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23 82 89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6 8 9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">99 95 95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– – – \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ferreiro et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1065">102</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bühlmann Quantum Blue \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">IBD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">HBI >4 PMS >2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">130 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">0.94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1862586.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "FC is expressed in its current equivalent of μg/g. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated considering as “true positive” the patient with activity and FC>the cut-off point." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Diagnostic accuracy of faecal calprotectin in predicting recurrence." ] ] 6 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0035" "etiqueta" => "Table 7" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at7" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Clinical scenario \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cut-off point (μg/g) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Interpretation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal symptoms<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50–100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Values <50–100μg/g mean intestinal inflammation is very unlikely and diagnostic colonoscopy would therefore be unnecessary \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Prediction of endoscopic activity in ulcerative colitis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">250 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Values >250μg/g are associated with evident endoscopic activity (Mayo endoscopic subscore >1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">150 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Values <150 μg/g are associated with absence of mucosal lesions at endoscopy (Mayo endoscopic subscore 0) and of acute histological lesions in biopsies \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Prediction of endoscopic activity in Crohn's disease \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">250 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Values >250μg/g are associated with colonic or ileal-colonic endoscopic activity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">150 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Values >150μg/g are associated with endoscopic activity in disease only affecting the ileum \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Prediction of post-surgical recurrence in Crohn's disease \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Values <100μg/g mean endoscopic recurrence is very unlikely. Recommended frequency: 4–6 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Response to induction therapy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">150 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Values <150μg/g after induction (weeks 8–12) mean that endoscopic remission has probably been achieved \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Prediction of recurrence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">150 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Values repeatedly <150μg/g mean recurrence in the following 3 months is unlikely. Recommended frequency: 3–6 months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1862585.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "In the case of individuals over the age of 50, colonoscopy may be indicated to rule out colorectal cancer." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Interpreting the determination of faecal calprotectin in different clinical scenarios." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:111 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0560" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A randomized, double-blind, controlled withdrawal trial in Crohn's disease patients in long-term remission on azathioprine" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 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Recommendations of the Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU) on the utility of the determination of faecal calprotectin in inflammatory bowel disease

Recomendaciones del Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa (GETECCU) sobre la utilidad de la determinación de calprotectina fecal en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal

Jordi Guardiolaa,

Corresponding author

jguardiola@bellvitgehospital.cat

Corresponding author.

, Triana Lobatónb,g, Elena Cerrilloc,g, Rocío Ferreiro-Iglesiasd, Javier P. Gisberte,g, Eugeni Domènechb,g, María Chaparroe,g, Maria Estevef,g, Francisco Rodríguez-Morantaa, on behalf of GETECCU

a Servei d’Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

b Servei d’Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain

c Servei d’Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain

d Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain

e Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

f Servei d’Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain

g Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Spain

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            "entidad" => "Servei d&#8217;Aparell Digestiu&#44; Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge&#44; Institut d&#8217;Investigaci&#243; Biom&#232;dica de Bellvitge &#40;IDIBELL&#41;&#44; Universitat de Barcelona&#44; Hospitalet de Llobregat&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
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      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Recomendaciones del Grupo Espa&#241;ol de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa &#40;GETECCU&#41; sobre la utilidad de la determinaci&#243;n de calprotectina fecal en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Crohn&#39;s disease &#40;CD&#41; and ulcerative colitis &#40;UC&#41; are chronic&#44; progressive inflammatory diseases characterised by alternating periods of activity and remission of unpredictable duration&#46; Management of inflammatory bowel disease &#40;IBD&#41; is currently based on the objective assessment of intestinal lesions and&#44; in general&#44; decision-making guided purely by clinical symptoms is not considered appropriate&#46; There are two reasons for this&#46; First of all&#44; gastrointestinal symptoms do not accurately reflect the presence or severity of gastrointestinal lesions&#46; More than a third of patients in clinical remission have endoscopic lesions and&#44; in more than 10&#37; of symptomatic patients&#44; the endoscopy is normal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> It is therefore easy to see how making therapeutic decisions based purely on the symptoms can lead to serious errors&#46; Secondly&#44; improvement or disappearance of intestinal lesions is known to be associated with a less severe disease course&#44; with less likelihood of complications or the need for hospitalisation or surgery&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> All this has renewed interest in endoscopy and imaging techniques in the assessment of patients with IBD&#46; These methods provide valuable information about the severity and extent of lesions and the development of complications&#46; However&#44; in view of their high cost&#44; limited availability and invasive nature&#44; they are not suitable for periodic monitoring of the disease&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It would therefore be of great benefit to clinicians to have simple and non-invasive tools with which to monitor IBD activity and identify the presence of lesions&#46; A number of serum biomarkers have been proposed&#44; with the most widely used being C-reactive protein &#40;CRP&#41;&#46; However&#44; CRP is nonspecific and can be elevated in extraintestinal inflammatory processes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0580"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> An ideal biomarker should accurately distinguish between the existence and absence of lesions&#44; and be related to their severity and the response to treatment&#46; It should also be widely accessible&#44; easy to use and affordable&#46; To a greater or lesser extent&#44; faecal calprotectin &#40;FC&#41; meets these requirements and it is presently the best characterised commercially available biomarker in IBD&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FC is a calcium-binding protein with antimicrobial&#44; antiproliferative and pro-inflammatory properties&#46; It is derived predominantly from neutrophils&#44; of which it is the main cytosolic protein and&#44; to a lesser extent&#44; from monocytes and activated macrophages&#46; FC is released in very early stages of the inflammatory process and its concentration in the stool is directly proportional to the presence of neutrophils in the intestinal lumen&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0585"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> FC levels show good correlation with the excretion of indium-111-labelled leucocytes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0590"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> and with the permeability of the intestinal mucosa&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0595"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> It is resistant to bacterial degradation and stable at room temperature for days&#44; with these characteristics making it suitable for use in clinical practice&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this document is to provide an update on the utility of FC in patients with IBD in clinical practice&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Available methods for measuring faecal calprotectin</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">What methods are available for determining faecal calprotectin&#63;</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most commonly used methods are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay &#40;ELISA&#41; and lateral-flow immunochromatography&#44; which is used in so-called &#8220;rapid tests&#8221;&#46; The antibodies used in both techniques can be polyclonal or monoclonal&#46; The kits that use monoclonal antibodies are preferable as they have shown greater precision&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ELISA tests are the most validated&#44; are cheaper and provide a quantitative result that usually covers a wider range of values&#46; However&#44; they require a specialised laboratory and several dozen samples have to be accumulated in order to make the cost of each determination affordable&#44; with the consequent delay in obtaining the results&#46; In contrast&#44; immunochromatographic tests &#40;rapid tests&#41; have the advantages of not requiring a laboratory and each sample being analysed individually&#44; with the result available in a few minutes&#46; Using a reader with the appropriate software&#44; some of immunochromatographic tests can provide a quantitative result that correlates very well with the result obtained by ELISA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> Others provide a semiquantitative or qualitative result quickly&#44; easily and cheaply&#44; although less evidence is available on their diagnostic accuracy&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kits have also recently been developed with a rapid faecal sample preparation device which combines the immunochromatographic technique with a smartphone-specific application&#44; allowing reading from the phone itself and sending the result to a server to which the treating physician has access&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In centres that process a large number of samples&#44; the ELISA technique would be the best option&#44; as it provides results with a wider range&#44; is more economical and has shown greater accuracy&#46; When an immediate result is required&#44; or there are too few samples for the ELISA test to provide the result in a reasonable amount of time&#44; quantitative rapid tests could be a good alternative&#46; Although experience with this type of test is more limited&#44; some of these kits have demonstrated a reliability similar to that of the ELISA tests in the prediction of endoscopic lesions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The semiquantitative or qualitative rapid tests are attractive for their simplicity and low cost&#46; They have shown good accuracy for the differential diagnosis between IBD and noninflammatory pathology&#44; so they could be used for this purpose&#46; However&#44; data are limited on their ability to identify endoscopic lesions in patients with IBD&#46; An important drawback of this type of test is the loss of information that dichotomising a quantitative variable involves&#46; There is a compromise between sensitivity and specificity along the continuum of FC values&#59; different cut-off points may be considered optimal in different circumstances or indications&#44; depending on whether we prefer to maximise sensitivity or specificity&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Are the results comparable with the different measurement techniques or commercial brands&#63;</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considerable variability has been demonstrated in the results obtained with different commercial kits&#44; whether or not they use the same technique<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0630"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#8211;18</span></a> &#40;ELISA&#44; immunochromatography&#41;&#46; This means that a sample may be above or below a certain cut-off point depending on the kit chosen&#44; highlighting the urgent need to standardise the procedure&#46; In the meantime&#44; each manufacturer should determine their own reference limits or provide information about which kit their product has calibrated&#46; For the same reason&#44; it is not advisable to compare results obtained with different kits in the same patient&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast&#44; the results obtained with different techniques &#40;ELISA vs quantitative rapid test&#41; from the same manufacturer have shown good correlation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;14&#44;19</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Basic rules for collecting samples</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">When and how should we take samples&#63;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The recommendation is to collect a small amount of stool &#40;approximately 3&#8211;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#44; equivalent to one coffee spoon&#41; and place it in a collection bottle&#44; usually dispensed by the requesting centre&#46; These containers do not require any specific treatment&#46; The sample can be taken from any part of the stool&#44; as FC is known to be uniformly distributed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is still no consensus on the ideal time of day for sample collection&#46; It had been suggested that the samples obtained from the first stool of the day might be the most suitable&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> However&#44; a rigorous study conducted in our area designed specifically to clarify this point showed the time of day to be irrelevant&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A marked decrease in FC levels has been found during preparation for a colonoscopy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0665"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Therefore&#44; if the patient has one scheduled&#44; the sample should be collected before starting bowel cleansing or several days after the procedure&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Can we store the sample or do we have to process it immediately&#63;</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Once the sample is collected&#44; it can be kept at room temperature for three days&#59; subsequently&#44; the levels tend to decrease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> If the sample is not going to be analysed immediately&#44; it can be stored for up to one week at 2&#8211;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C or up to 12 months at &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#44; according to most manufacturers&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Apart from inflammatory bowel disease&#44; what other circumstances can elevate faecal calprotectin&#63;</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are several factors that can affect FC levels&#46; Various studies have shown that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs &#40;NSAIDs&#41; can elevate FC in asymptomatic patients&#44; probably due to the gastrointestinal damage caused by these treatments&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0670"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#8211;26</span></a> In healthy volunteers who received diclofenac for two weeks&#44; FC increased in a quarter of the cases&#46; However&#44; in most the FC increase was modest &#40;&#60;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g&#41;&#44; many returned to normal during the treatment and all had returned to normal two weeks after it ended&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0685"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; stopping NSAIDs two weeks prior to measuring FC is recommended&#46; Otherwise&#44; the possibility of a positive result being caused by NSAID treatment will have to be taken into account&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When aspirin is used as an antithrombotic drug at a dose of 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg per day&#44; it does not seem to have a clinically significant effect on FC levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0690"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Although a significant increase in FC has been found in healthy volunteers who received 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg of aspirin daily&#44; the maximum levels reached were low &#40;&#60;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0695"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> With the information available to date&#44; and taking into account the importance of antithrombotic treatment in at-risk patients&#44; the withdrawal of aspirin treatment when it is deemed necessary to determine FC is not justified&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Proton pump inhibitors increase the risk of intestinal lesions in users of NSAIDs&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0700"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> but very little data is available on the impact these drugs can have on FC levels&#46; In a study published in the form of a letter&#44; treatment with proton pump inhibitors was associated with a rise in FC above normal levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0705"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> However&#44; the evidence is insufficient to make a formal recommendation&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Age can affect FC levels&#46; Healthy children under the age of 4 have higher FC concentrations than adults&#44; often from 50 to 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0710"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#44;32</span></a> In contrast&#44; in a healthy adult population the concentration of FC increases with age&#44; although within levels considered as normal &#40;&#60;50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0720"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> Obesity&#44; sedentary lifestyle and a diet low in fibre have also been associated with higher levels of FC&#44; but also still normal &#40;&#60;50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g&#41;&#44; and are therefore factors with no clinical relevance which do not affect the accuracy of the test&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0720"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Last of all&#44; we have to keep in mind the fact that any inflammatory condition of the intestine&#44; such as infections or diverticulitis&#44; can elevate FC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0725"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#8211;36</span></a> It has been suggested that measuring FC could be useful in the assessment of acute diarrhoea to differentiate between bacterial or viral origin&#46; Markedly high values would point to bacterial aetiology and help select the patients who would most benefit from having a rectal swab culture&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#44;38</span></a> More studies would be necessary to identify the optimal cut-off points for this purpose&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Faecal calprotectin in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease</span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Can faecal calprotectin help us in the differential diagnosis of a patient with gastrointestinal symptoms&#63;</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in the general population and not very specific to organic disease&#46; Therefore&#44; basing the decision of whether or not to perform endoscopic examinations to rule out organic disease only on the patient&#39;s symptoms is not an efficient method&#46; The value of FC for distinguishing between functional and organic gastrointestinal symptoms has been analysed in numerous studies&#46; A meta-analysis that included 2475 patients found the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating organic from functional disease to be 83&#37; and 84&#37;&#44; respectively&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0750"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> The main drawback of FC in this context is its low accuracy for detecting colorectal cancer &#40;CRC&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0755"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> For that reason&#44; in a study population at risk of CRC &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; patient aged &#62;50 or with a family history of CRC&#41; FC will not be the most appropriate test&#46; However&#44; in a context of low CRC risk &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; population aged below 50&#41; FC can be a very valuable tool for distinguishing between IBD and irritable bowel syndrome&#46; The two disorders have similar symptoms and performing endoscopic examinations to differentiate them can be costly&#44; invasive and inefficient&#46; A meta-analysis which included 13 studies with 1041 patients &#40;670 adults and 371 children&#41; demonstrated a sensitivity of 93&#37; and specificity of 96&#37; for the identification of IBD in adults&#46; In the paediatric population&#44; the sensitivity was similar&#44; but there was lower specificity &#40;76&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0760"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A recent study measured FC levels in 895 patients aged from 18 to 50 with gastrointestinal symptoms<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0765"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a>&#59; 10&#37; were diagnosed with IBD&#46; The area under the ROC curve of faecal calprotectin concentrations to distinguish between IBD and functional disease was 0&#46;97&#46; In order to maximise sensitivity&#44; by combining FC levels and five alarm symptoms &#40;rectal bleeding&#44; bloody diarrhoea&#44; nocturnal symptoms&#44; weight loss and anaemia&#41; a sensitivity of 100&#37; and a specificity of 55&#37; were obtained&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FC can therefore be considered as an adequate test for identifying symptomatic patients with a high likelihood of organic disease who will then need additional investigations&#44; especially in a population at low risk of CRC&#46; This could be particularly useful in primary care as a screening method to decide on colonoscopy or specialist referral&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most accepted FC cut-off point in this clinical context is 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g&#46; A systematic review which included 28 studies evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of FC for distinguishing between IBD and irritable bowel syndrome&#46; Using this FC threshold&#44; an overall sensitivity of 93&#37; &#40;range 83&#8211;100&#37;&#41; and a specificity of 94&#37; &#40;range 60&#8211;100&#37;&#41; were obtained&#46; In the paediatric population&#44; with this same cut-off point&#44; the sensitivity ranged from 95&#37; to 100&#37; and the specificity from 44&#37; to 93&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0770"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; in the study by Kennedy et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0765"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> with an FC cut-off point of 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g&#44; the sensitivity was 96&#37; and the negative predictive value 99&#37;&#44; very similar to that obtained with a cut-off point of 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g &#40;97 and 99&#37;&#44; respectively&#41;&#44; significantly improving the positive predictive value &#40;from 37&#37; to 54&#37;&#41; and the specificity &#40;from 74&#37; to 87&#37;&#41;&#46; Along the same lines&#44; in a recent study carried out in primary care in 789 young patients&#44; an FC &#8805;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g differentiated between functional disease and IBD with positive and negative predictive values of 49&#37; and 99&#37; respectively&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0775"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> It should be noted that this study included 311 patients with clinical signs of alarm in which FC maintained a high negative predictive value &#40;98&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; in the differential diagnosis of young patients with gastrointestinal symptoms&#44; it seems reasonable not to indicate invasive tests if the FC is less than 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g&#46; With values from 100 to 150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g&#44; a repeat FC should be considered within a few weeks&#46; Lastly&#44; with values above 150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g it would be prudent to indicate additional tests&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Faecal calprotectin as biomarker in ulcerative colitis</span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Is faecal calprotectin a reliable endoscopic activity marker in ulcerative colitis&#63;</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Numerous studies have shown that FC is a reliable marker of endoscopic activity in UC&#44; and this has been confirmed by two recent meta-analyses&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0780"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;46</span></a> For this particular purpose&#44; FC is superior to CRP and other faecal biomarkers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;47&#44;48</span></a> Overall&#44; the sensitivity and specificity obtained in these studies were 80&#8211;90&#37; and 70&#8211;80&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; depending on the cut-off point used &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;45&#8211;50</span></a> In the majority of studies&#44; FC has been shown to correlate not only with the presence or absence of endoscopic activity&#44; but also with the degree of activity assessed by different endoscopic indices&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;47&#8211;51</span></a> although the optimal cut-off point for identifying serious lesions has not been defined&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The extent of the disease seems to have little influence on FC levels&#44; less than the severity of endoscopic lesions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0800"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49&#44;52&#44;53</span></a> In two studies&#44; one Spanish and the other Belgian&#44; the extension of colitis was significantly related to FC concentration in the univariate analysis&#46; However&#44; in the multivariate analysis&#44; after adjusting for extension and severity of endoscopic activity&#44; only the severity continued to be statistically significant&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;54</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FC is therefore a highly reliable biomarker for detecting endoscopic activity in UC&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">What cut-off points are indicative of endoscopic remission in ulcerative colitis&#63;</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The cut-off point will depend on the definition of endoscopic remission and what compromise between sensitivity and specificity is decided on &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; In general&#44; endoscopic remission is usually accepted&#44; in addition to completely normal mucosa or the presence of mild changes without erosions or spontaneous bleeding &#40;Mayo endoscopic subscore 0 or 1&#41;&#46; With this definition of endoscopic remission&#44; the most appropriate cut-off point would be 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;49&#44;51</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; if a stricter definition of remission is considered&#44; such as completely normal mucosa &#40;Mayo endoscopic subscore 0&#41;&#44; the cut-off point will be lower&#46; Although there is less evidence on this aspect&#44; a cut-off point between 100 and 150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g has shown very good diagnostic accuracy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;48</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Can faecal calprotectin predict histological activity in ulcerative colitis&#63;</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the most interesting characteristics of FC is its ability to detect intestinal inflammation early&#44; even before endoscopic changes have occurred&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0585"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In UC&#44; the mucosa often does not completely return to normal histologically&#44; even in patients who achieve clinical and endoscopic remission&#46; There is growing evidence that persistent microscopic inflammation&#44; even in the absence of endoscopic lesions&#44; is associated with an increased risk of recurrence&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0830"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55&#8211;58</span></a> Added to that&#44; the severity of the inflammation is an important determinant of the risk of colorectal cancer&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0850"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59&#44;60</span></a> For these reasons&#44; it could be useful to have a non-invasive method for estimating histological activity&#46; Several studies have shown that FC can identify histological remission in patients with UC to an acceptably accurate degree&#44; with a sensitivity of 76&#8211;100&#37; and specificity of 71&#8211;77&#37;&#44; respectively<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0860"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61&#8211;65</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; The cut-off points proposed for this purpose are between 100 and 170<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Faecal calprotectin as a biomarker in Crohn&#39;s disease</span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Is faecal calprotectin reliable as a marker of endoscopic activity in colonic or ileal-colonic Crohn&#39;s disease&#63;</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The studies carried out to date and two recent meta-analyses show that there is good correlation between the FC concentration and the endoscopic activity of CD assessed by different endoscopic indices&#44; such as the Crohn&#39;s Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity &#40;CDEIS&#41;&#44; the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn&#39;s Disease &#40;SES-CD&#41; or the Lewis score &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;45&#44;46&#44;49&#44;51&#44;66&#8211;69</span></a> The correlation is much higher than that between the clinical activity scores and CRP&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;48&#44;67</span></a> According to a recent meta-analysis&#44; the area under the ROC curve for the prediction of endoscopic activity is around 0&#46;85&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0785"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> FC is also the only marker to have shown to discriminate between remission and mild&#44; moderate and severe activity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;67</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">What cut-off points are indicative of endoscopic remission in colonic or ileal-colonic Crohn&#39;s disease&#63;</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast to UC&#44; there is no clearly established cut-off point in CD&#44; partly because of the lack of a well-defined concept of remission for each of the endoscopic scores&#46; The published studies propose cut-off points ranging from 70 to 270<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;48&#44;49&#44;51&#44;66&#44;67</span></a> In all cases there is a sensitivity of around 70&#8211;80&#37; and a specificity of around 80&#8211;97&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A recent meta-analysis suggests that the best compromise between sensitivity and specificity for detecting clinically relevant endoscopic lesions is obtained with a cut-off point of 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g&#44; which has a sensitivity of 80&#37; and specificity of 82&#37; &#40;area under the ROC curve 0&#46;89&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0780"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Is faecal calprotectin reliable as a marker of endoscopic activity in Crohn&#39;s disease only affecting the ileum&#63;</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is no unanimous agreement on whether or not the location of the CD affects the accuracy of FC to predict the presence of endoscopic lesions&#46; While in some studies the accuracy is similar in the different locations&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0905"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70&#44;71</span></a> in most the correlation between FC and endoscopic activity is lower in ileal disease than in colonic or ileal-colonic disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;66&#44;67&#44;72</span></a> The validity of the above results is limited by the fact that the examination of the ileum in these studies was performed by ileocolonoscopy and was therefore incomplete &#40;as it is not possible to visualise stretches of proximal small intestine&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Six recent studies specifically address this issue through a complete study of the ileum&#44; three with balloon-assisted enteroscopy&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0910"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">71&#44;73&#44;74</span></a> one with magnetic resonance imaging<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0930"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">75</span></a> and two with capsule endoscopy<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0895"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">68&#44;69</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; All six studies suggest that FC is a reliable marker of ileal endoscopic activity&#44; although to a lesser extent than in colonic disease&#46; However&#44; the total number of patients included with disease localised purely in the small intestine is still small and does not allow definitive conclusions to be made&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">What cut-off points are indicative of endoscopic remission in Crohn&#39;s disease only affecting the ileum&#63;</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The value of FC in association with endoscopic remission in CD only affecting the ileum is lower than that associated with colonic or ileal-colonic disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;73&#44;74</span></a> The level of 150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g has been proposed as a cut-off point with an optimal compromise to achieve a sensitivity of 85&#37; and a specificity of 81&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0905"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70</span></a> This figure is consistent with the results of Cerrillo et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0930"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">75</span></a> according to which a cut-off point of 167<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g makes it possible to predict ileal activity assessed by magnetic resonance imaging with a sensitivity of 90&#37; and a specificity of 74&#37;&#46; Other studies propose a slightly lower cut-off of 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;69</span></a> Further studies are needed to confirm these cut-off points&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0100" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Is faecal calprotectin reliable as a marker of post-surgical recurrence in Crohn&#39;s disease&#63;</span><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Monitoring for postoperative recurrence is one of the most desirable situations for the use of biomarkers in CD&#46; A simple&#44; reliable and accurate non-invasive marker capable of detecting recurrent lesions could be an alternative to endoscopy in the follow-up of patients post-surgery&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A number of prospective studies examined the role of FC in this scenario<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;76&#8211;81</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46; All reported that FC has a high sensitivity and negative predictive value in the identification of postoperative recurrence defined as the presence of lesions &#8805;Rutgeerts score i2&#46; FC can therefore rule out recurrence with a high degree of reliability and could be a very useful marker in the monitoring of these patients after surgery&#46; It has to be borne in mind that FC values can remain high in the first three months after surgery&#44; so measuring levels during that period is not useful&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0965"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">82</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0105" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">What cut-off points are indicative of post-surgical recurrence in Crohn&#39;s disease&#63;</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The larger studies carried out in this context agree that the optimal cut-off point for the prediction of endoscopic recurrence &#40;Rutgeerts &#8805;i2&#41; is 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0945"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">78&#8211;81</span></a> This value has been associated with a sensitivity and negative predictive value above 90&#37;&#46; In clinical practice&#44; FC values below 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g can be considered as meaning postsurgical recurrence is very unlikely and so avoid the need for colonoscopy&#46; In the case of high values&#44; however&#44; endoscopic confirmation of recurrence would be advisable before making therapeutic decisions&#44; as FC has limited specificity in this scenario&#46; Repeated determinations might improve their accuracy&#44; but the optimal frequency of testing has yet to be determined&#46; A prospective study evaluated the determination of FC every two months for two years following an initial ileocolonoscopy without recurrent lesions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0970"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">83</span></a> None of the patients with FC consistently below 140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g had advanced recurrence &#40;i3-i4&#41;&#44; and only 10&#37; had mild recurrence &#40;i2&#41; at 24 months&#46; As long as we have no objective evidence with which to establish the most cost-effective interval between FC determinations in CD follow-up after bowel resection&#44; it is reasonable to measure FC every 4&#8211;6 months&#44; as suggested by the Spanish Working Group on Crohn&#39;s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Grupo Espa&#241;ol de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa</span>&#59; GETECCU&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0975"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">84</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0110" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Faecal calprotectin in monitoring of response to treatment</span><span id="sec0115" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Are faecal calprotectin levels associated with the success or failure of remission induction therapy in inflammatory bowel disease&#63;</span><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients with active IBD and high levels of FC treated conventionally with corticosteroids or salicylates&#44; the return to normal of FC &#40;&#60;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g&#41; is associated with a high probability of clinical and endoscopic remission&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0980"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">85&#44;86</span></a> FC has also been shown to be effective as a marker of mucosal healing after treatment with mesalazine suppositories in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative proctitis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0990"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">87</span></a> FC is also a good predictor of recurrence in these patients&#44; as it increases about eight weeks before the onset of symptoms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0990"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">87</span></a> The prognostic value of FC during hospital admission in patients with severe UC&#44; when FC is extremely high&#44; is limited by the great variability in FC over the course of the day&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> In patients with IBD treated with anti-TNF drugs&#44; FC levels are significantly reduced and return to normal in the majority of those who achieve endoscopic remission&#44; both during induction and maintenance&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0995"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">88&#8211;90</span></a> with FC being a better marker than the clinical scores&#46; In a post hoc analysis of a clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of tofacitinib in UC&#44; a close relationship was also found between FC levels and endoscopic remission&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">91</span></a></p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consequently&#44; FC levels seem to return to normal when treatment&#44; whatever it is&#44; achieves mucosal healing &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0120" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Could measuring of faecal calprotectin be recommended during remission induction therapy&#63;</span><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the current evidence&#44; monitoring FC can be useful in assessing the therapeutic response&#46; A recent randomised clinical trial in patients with CD assessed the monitoring of FC and CRP every three months as indicators for adjusting anti-TNF therapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">92</span></a> The group in which these biomarkers were used in conjunction with the assessment of symptoms obtained better clinical results and higher rates of endoscopic remission than the group in which the treatment optimisation was based purely on symptoms&#46; These findings highlight the role FC can play in identifying subclinical inflammation and the need to monitor patients with objective criteria&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a> shows the diagnostic accuracy of FC in the prediction of therapeutic response in different scenarios&#46; According to these studies&#44; it can be useful to determine FC before the induction treatment and at 8&#8211;12 weeks&#44; although earlier determinations could have short-term prognostic value&#46; In general&#44; values below 100&#8211;150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g are associated with a good response to treatment&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0125" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Faecal calprotectin as predictor of recurrence</span><span id="sec0130" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Can measuring faecal calprotectin help predict recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease&#63;</span><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Numerous studies&#44; both in CD and UC&#44; demonstrate the prognostic value of FC&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">93&#8211;107</span></a> particularly its high negative predictive power &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a>&#41;&#46; Six of these studies are included in the meta-analysis by Mao et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">108</span></a> where the overall sensitivity and specificity for predicting recurrence were 78&#37; and 73&#37;&#44; respectively&#46; The prognostic capacity of FC is similar in CD and UC&#44; although it seems lower in patients with CD with ileal involvement only&#46; The best cut-off point has not been clearly defined and will depend on the desired compromise between sensitivity and specificity&#44; but several studies coincide in placing it at around 150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a>&#41;&#46; FC has also been shown to have an independent predictive value for recurrence after withdrawal of anti-TNF treatment&#44; even in patients with endoscopic scarring&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">107&#44;109&#8211;111</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0135" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Should periodic determination of faecal calprotectin be recommended in patients in remission&#63; If so&#44; how often&#63;</span><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients in remission&#44; serial determinations of FC have a higher prognostic value than an isolated measurement&#46; Studies which included periodic determinations show that FC elevation can be detected from three to six months before recurrence&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib1070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">103&#44;106&#44;107&#44;111</span></a> and that repeatedly low values are highly predictive of sustained remission&#46; De Vos et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">106</span></a> studied the predictive value of monthly measuring of FC in patients with UC in remission&#46; Two consecutive measurements of FC &#62;300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g predicted recurrence with a sensitivity of 61&#37; and a specificity of 100&#37;&#44; both higher than those obtained with a single measurement&#46; Also in that study&#44; slight isolated elevations of FC were common&#44; although without any clinical consequences&#46;</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the available evidence&#44; therefore&#44; periodic determination of FC can be used to predict recurrence&#46; As the elevation of FC usually precedes recurrence by about 12 weeks&#44; testing on a three-monthly basis would seem reasonable&#44; especially in situations requiring closer clinical monitoring&#44; such as after induction therapy or treatment modifications&#46; In patients with a low baseline risk of recurrence&#44; such as those in long-term remission or with recent evidence of endoscopic cure&#44; testing frequency may be extended to every six months&#46; Being able to measure FC at home could make it much easier to monitor IBD in remission&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14&#44;18</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0140" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Final considerations</span><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FC is the best biomarker of inflammation that we currently have in IBD&#46; It is a valuable tool for differentiating between irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory processes in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms&#46; FC correlates with endoscopic activity in both UC and CD&#44; is associated with clinical and endoscopic response to treatment and predicts short-term relapse&#44; even in patients in endoscopic remission&#46; It can therefore be a great help for clinicians in diagnosing and monitoring IBD&#44; and adapting treatment&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0035">Table 7</a> shows suggested cut-off points for FC recommended for different clinical scenarios and explains how to interpret them&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0035"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are a number of considerations which should be taken into account for the appropriate use of FC in clinical practice&#46; First of all&#44; any decision based on the FC results must be from consecutive serial measurements &#40;at least two&#41;&#44; not one single test result&#46; This increases the accuracy of the test and cancels out the effect of any isolated fluctuations&#46; Secondly&#44; FC measurements should not be interpreted in isolation from the clinical context in which they are performed&#46; It is important to remember that the predictive value of a high or low FC depends on the pre-test likelihood of there being endoscopic activity&#46; The higher the pre-test likelihood of activity&#44; the greater the possibility that a high FC value is a true positive and a low value is a false negative&#44; and vice versa&#46; For example&#44; in a patient who presents with diarrhoea and abdominal pain after stopping treatment&#44; a situation with pre-test likelihood of a high degree of activity&#44; high FC values mean we can virtually guarantee there will be activity&#46; A low value is most likely to be a false negative&#46; In a patient in long-term clinical remission with a pre-test likelihood of low-degree activity&#44; low FC values make the absence of activity very likely and the result is therefore a true negative&#46; Last of all&#44; clinical decision-making guided by FC levels will depend not only on the predictive value of the test&#44; but also on how important the decision is&#59; in other words&#44; it will depend on the possible consequences of a false positive or false negative result&#46; For example&#44; a clinician may feel comfortable deciding on the frequency and type of follow-up visit &#40;face-to-face&#47;email or telephone&#44; medical&#47;nursing&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44; an increase in salicylate dose or the start of a topically-acting systemic steroid or topical treatment based purely on the FC result&#46; However&#44; in the case of very important clinical decisions&#44; such as the possibility of a surgical intervention&#44; it may be advisable to turn to endoscopic examinations or imaging tests in order to minimise uncertainty&#46;</p><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nevertheless&#44; to sum up&#44; for clinicians aware of the benefits and limitations&#44; FC can be a highly useful tool in the management of patients with IBD&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0145" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0165">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None of the authors has declared a conflict of interest with respect to this study&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "What methods are available for determining faecal calprotectin&#63;"
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            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Are the results comparable with the different measurement techniques or commercial brands&#63;"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Basic rules for collecting samples"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "When and how should we take samples&#63;"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Can we store the sample or do we have to process it immediately&#63;"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Apart from inflammatory bowel disease&#44; what other circumstances can elevate faecal calprotectin&#63;"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Faecal calprotectin in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0050"
              "titulo" => "Can faecal calprotectin help us in the differential diagnosis of a patient with gastrointestinal symptoms&#63;"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        8 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0055"
          "titulo" => "Faecal calprotectin as biomarker in ulcerative colitis"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0060"
              "titulo" => "Is faecal calprotectin a reliable endoscopic activity marker in ulcerative colitis&#63;"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0065"
              "titulo" => "What cut-off points are indicative of endoscopic remission in ulcerative colitis&#63;"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0070"
              "titulo" => "Can faecal calprotectin predict histological activity in ulcerative colitis&#63;"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        9 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0075"
          "titulo" => "Faecal calprotectin as a biomarker in Crohn&#39;s disease"
          "secciones" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0080"
              "titulo" => "Is faecal calprotectin reliable as a marker of endoscopic activity in colonic or ileal-colonic Crohn&#39;s disease&#63;"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0085"
              "titulo" => "What cut-off points are indicative of endoscopic remission in colonic or ileal-colonic Crohn&#39;s disease&#63;"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0090"
              "titulo" => "Is faecal calprotectin reliable as a marker of endoscopic activity in Crohn&#39;s disease only affecting the ileum&#63;"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0095"
              "titulo" => "What cut-off points are indicative of endoscopic remission in Crohn&#39;s disease only affecting the ileum&#63;"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0100"
              "titulo" => "Is faecal calprotectin reliable as a marker of post-surgical recurrence in Crohn&#39;s disease&#63;"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0105"
              "titulo" => "What cut-off points are indicative of post-surgical recurrence in Crohn&#39;s disease&#63;"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        10 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0110"
          "titulo" => "Faecal calprotectin in monitoring of response to treatment"
          "secciones" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0115"
              "titulo" => "Are faecal calprotectin levels associated with the success or failure of remission induction therapy in inflammatory bowel disease&#63;"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0120"
              "titulo" => "Could measuring of faecal calprotectin be recommended during remission induction therapy&#63;"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        11 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0125"
          "titulo" => "Faecal calprotectin as predictor of recurrence"
          "secciones" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0130"
              "titulo" => "Can measuring faecal calprotectin help predict recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease&#63;"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0135"
              "titulo" => "Should periodic determination of faecal calprotectin be recommended in patients in remission&#63; If so&#44; how often&#63;"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        12 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0140"
          "titulo" => "Final considerations"
        ]
        13 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0145"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
        ]
        14 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2018-03-28"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2018-05-03"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1032957"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Calprotectin"
            1 => "Crohn&#39;s disease"
            2 => "Ulcerative colitis"
            3 => "Endoscopic remission"
            4 => "Histological remission"
            5 => "Postsurgical recurrence"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1032958"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Calprotectina"
            1 => "Enfermedad de Crohn"
            2 => "Colitis ulcerosa"
            3 => "Remisi&#243;n endosc&#243;pica"
            4 => "Remisi&#243;n histol&#243;gica"
            5 => "Recurrencia posquir&#250;rgica"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The management of inflammatory bowel disease &#40;IBD&#41; is currently based on the objective evaluation of intestinal lesions&#46; It would therefore be interesting to have access to simple and non-invasive tools to monitor IBD activity and to identify the presence of lesions&#46; Faecal calprotectin &#40;FC&#41; is the main cytosolic protein of neutrophils&#44; it is resistant to bacterial degradation and it is stable at room temperature for several days&#44; characteristics that make it suitable for use in clinical practice&#46; It can be used to differentiate between inflammatory and functional processes&#44; it correlates with endoscopic activity&#44; it is associated with clinical and endoscopic response to treatment and it has short-term prognostic value&#46; This paper offers an up-to-date perspective on the information that FC can provide clinicians to aid diagnosis&#44; monitoring and management of IBD&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Actualmente&#44; el manejo de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal &#40;EII&#41; se basa en la evaluaci&#243;n objetiva de las lesiones intestinales&#46; Por ello&#44; es de inter&#233;s disponer de herramientas sencillas y no invasivas con las que monitorizar la actividad de la EII e identificar la presencia de lesiones&#46; La calprotectina fecal &#40;CF&#41; constituye la principal prote&#237;na citos&#243;lica de los neutr&#243;filos&#44; es resistente a la degradaci&#243;n bacteriana y estable a temperatura ambiente durante d&#237;as&#44; caracter&#237;sticas que la hacen adecuada para su uso en la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica&#46; Es &#250;til para diferenciar entre procesos inflamatorios y funcionales&#44; se correlaciona con la actividad endosc&#243;pica&#44; se asocia con la respuesta cl&#237;nica y endosc&#243;pica al tratamiento y tiene valor pron&#243;stico a corto plazo&#46; El presente documento pretende ofrecer una visi&#243;n actualizada sobre la informaci&#243;n que la CF puede proporcionar al cl&#237;nico en el diagn&#243;stico&#44; la monitorizaci&#243;n y el manejo de la EII&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Please cite this article as&#58; Guardiola J&#44; Lobat&#243;n T&#44; Cerrillo E&#44; Ferreiro-Iglesias R&#44; Gisbert JP&#44; Dom&#232;nech E&#44; et al&#46; Recomendaciones del Grupo Espa&#241;ol de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa &#40;GETECCU&#41; sobre la utilidad de la determinaci&#243;n de calprotectina fecal en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal&#46; Gastroenterol Hepatol&#46; 2018&#59;41&#58;514&#8211;529&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:7 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AUC&#58; area under the ROC curve&#59; ES&#58; endoscopic subscore&#59; FC&#58; faecal calprotectin&#59; NPV&#58; negative predictive value&#59; PPV&#58; positive predictive value&#59; Sens&#46;&#58; sensitivity&#59; Sp&#46;&#58; specificity&#46;</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sensitivity&#44; specificity and predictive values were calculated considering as &#8220;true positive&#8221; the patient with activity and FC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>the cut-off point&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Test&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Definition endoscopic activity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FC cut-off point &#40;&#956;g&#47;g&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sens&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sp&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PPV &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AUC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Schoepfer et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0790"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">134&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Rachmilewitz &#8805;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;50<br>&#62;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">93<br>86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71<br>88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">91<br>98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">81<br>65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">D&#8217;Haens et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0800"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mayo ES &#62;0<br>Mayo ES &#62;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8805;250<br>&#8805;250&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71<br>86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100<br>77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100<br>82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47<br>82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;85<br>&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lobat&#243;n et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">146&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mayo ES &#62;0<br>Mayo ES &#62;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;160<br>&#62;250&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67<br>73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">84<br>90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">58<br>86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">89<br>80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;92<br>0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Schoepfer et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0805"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">228&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Baron &#8805;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8805;50<br>&#8805;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92<br>91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">86<br>90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95<br>97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92<br>75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;94<br>0&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nancey et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0810"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Rachmilewitz &#8805;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;100<br>&#62;250&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100<br>91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53<br>87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">85<br>87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100<br>91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;96<br>0&#46;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Jusu&#233; et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0795"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann Quantum Blue&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mayo ES &#62;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;102&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagnostic accuracy of faecal calprotectin in the identification of endoscopic activity in ulcerative colitis&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AUC&#58; area under the ROC curve&#59; FC&#58; faecal calprotectin&#59; NPV&#58; negative predictive value&#59; PPV&#58; positive predictive value&#59; Sens&#46;&#58; sensitivity&#59; Sp&#46;&#58; specificity&#46;</p><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sensitivity&#44; specificity and predictive values were calculated considering as &#8220;true positive&#8221; the patient with activity and FC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>the cut-off point&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Test&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FC cut-off point &#40;&#956;g&#47;g&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Definition&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sens&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sp&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PPV &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AUC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Guardiola et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0860"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#62;155&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No acute inflammation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Theede et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0865"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann Quantum Blue&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">120&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#62;171&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No acute inflammation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Zittan et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0870"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">63</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#62;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No acute inflammation or basal plasmacytosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mak et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0880"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Genova Diagnostics &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#62;200&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">No acute inflammation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagnostic accuracy of faecal calprotectin in the identification of histological remission in UC&#46;</p>"
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      ]
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        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AUC&#58; area under the ROC curve&#59; BAE&#58; balloon-assisted enteroscopy&#59; CDEIS&#58; Crohn&#39;s Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity&#59; CE&#58; capsule endoscopy&#59; FC&#58; faecal calprotectin&#59; ILC&#58; ileocolonoscopy&#59; L1-L4&#58; location of the disease according to the Montreal classification&#59; MaRIA&#58; Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity&#59; MRE&#58; magnetic resonance enterography&#59; NPV&#58; negative predictive value&#59; PPV&#58; positive predictive value&#59; Sens&#46;&#58; sensitivity&#59; SES-CD&#58; Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn&#39;s Disease&#59; Sp&#46;&#58; specificity&#46;</p><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sensitivity&#44; specificity and predictive values were calculated considering as &#8220;true positive&#8221; the patient with activity and FC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>the cut-off point&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Test&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Activity assessment method&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">L1&#47;L2&#47;L3&#47;L4&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Definition endoscopic activity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FC cut-off point &#40;&#956;g&#47;g&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sens&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sp&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PPV &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AUC&#44; &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sipponen et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0885"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">66</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ILC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#47;14&#47;41&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDEIS &#8805;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8805;50<br>&#8805;100<br>&#8805;200<br>&#8805;1000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">91<br>81<br>70<br>69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">44<br>69<br>92<br>93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76<br>84<br>61<br>87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73<br>66<br>94<br>82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Schoepfer et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0890"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">67</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ILC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41&#47;26&#47;73&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDEIS &#8805;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8805;70<br>&#8805;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">89<br>89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72<br>58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88<br>89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76<br>61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">D&#8217;Haens et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0800"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ILC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&#47;28&#47;31&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDEIS &#8805;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;250&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lobat&#243;n et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ILC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&#47;45&#47;42&#47;0<br>28&#47;0&#47;0&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDEIS &#8805;3<br>CDEIS &#8805;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;274<br>&#62;108&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97<br>63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">77<br>100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75<br>&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">98<br>&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;94<br>0&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Nancey et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0810"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ILC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14&#47;12&#47;52&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SES-CD &#8805;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;100<br>&#62;250&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88<br>71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38<br>78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62<br>79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73<br>71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;77<br>0&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Arai et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0910"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">71</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">BAE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27&#47;12&#47;50&#47;&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SES-CD &#62;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;215&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kawashima et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0925"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">74</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">BAE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#47;3&#47;45&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDEIS &#8805;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;253&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Inokuchi et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0920"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">73</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">BAE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&#47;16&#47;33&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SES-CD &#62;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;180&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cerrillo et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0930"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">75</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Calprest &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MRE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">85&#47;0&#47;35&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MaRIA &#8805;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;167&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kopylov et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0895"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">68</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46&#47;0&#47;6&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Lewis &#8805;135<br>Lewis &#62;790&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;100<br>&#62;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;<br>&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;<br>&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">96<br>35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24<br>93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;80<br>0&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aggarwal et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0900"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Calpro AS &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&#47;0&#47;31&#47;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Lewis &#62;150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Jusu&#233; et al&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann Quantum Blue&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ILC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&#47;9&#47;38&#47;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SES-CD &#62;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;122&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AUC&#58; area under the ROC curve&#59; FC&#58; faecal calprotectin&#59; NPV&#58; negative predictive value&#59; PPV&#58; positive predictive value&#59; Sens&#46;&#58; sensitivity&#59; Sp&#46;&#58; specificity&#46;</p><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sensitivity&#44; specificity and predictive values were calculated considering as &#8220;true positive&#8221; the patient with activity and FC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>the cut-off point&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Test&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">FC cut-off point &#40;&#956;g&#47;g&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sens&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sp&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PPV &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AUC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lobat&#243;n et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yamamoto et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0935"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">76</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Human Calprotectin &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;140&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lasson et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0940"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">77</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Boschetti et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0950"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">79</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;50<br>&#62;100<br>&#62;150<br>&#62;250&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">98<br>95<br>77<br>52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33<br>54<br>82<br>91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">60<br>69<br>81<br>85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">94<br>93<br>78<br>65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wright et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0945"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">78</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;50<br>&#62;100<br>&#62;135<br>&#62;150<br>&#62;200&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">96<br>91<br>91<br>78<br>74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38<br>56<br>62<br>67<br>77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">44<br>51<br>55<br>55<br>61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">94<br>93<br>93<br>86<br>85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Garcia-Planella et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0955"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">80</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Calprest &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">119&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;50<br>&#62;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">86<br>70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27<br>64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46<br>58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73<br>75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Lopes et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0960"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">81</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">EliA-Calprotectin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;50<br>&#62;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">94<br>74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">55<br>75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52<br>61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95<br>91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagnostic accuracy of faecal calprotectin in the identification of post-surgical endoscopic recurrence in Crohn&#39;s disease &#40;Rutgeerts Score &#8805;i2&#41;&#46;</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 5"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AUC&#58; area under the ROC curve&#59; CD&#58; Crohn&#39;s disease&#59; CDEIS&#58; Crohn&#39;s Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity&#59; ES&#58; endoscopic subscore&#59; FC&#58; faecal calprotectin&#59; NPV&#58; negative predictive value&#59; PPV&#58; positive predictive value&#59; Sens&#46;&#58; sensitivity&#59; SES-CD&#58; Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn&#39;s Disease&#59; Sp&#46;&#58; specificity&#59; UC&#58; ulcerative colitis&#46;</p><p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sensitivity&#44; specificity and predictive values were calculated considering as &#8220;true positive&#8221; the patient with activity and FC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>the cut-off point&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Test&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Induction TRT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Time FC measured&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prediction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cut-off point &#40;&#956;g&#47;g&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sens&#46; &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sp&#46; &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PPV &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Wagner et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0980"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">85</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Calprest &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">UC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Corticosteroids&#47;salicylates&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Week 8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Clinical remission week 8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sipponen et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0985"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">86</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Corticosteroids&#47;salicylates&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Week 16&#8211;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Endoscopic remission weeks 16&#8211;24 &#40;SES-CD &#8804;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sipponen et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0995"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">88</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Anti-TNF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Week 12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Endoscopic remission week 12 &#40;CDEIS &#60;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;200&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Molander et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">90</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Calpro AS &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">UC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>CD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38<br>60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Anti-TNF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">After induction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Endoscopic remission 1 year &#40;CDEIS &#60;3 or Mayo ES &#8804; 1&#41;<br>Clinical recurrence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;100<br>&#62;139&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">57<br>72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71<br>80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53<br>&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">74<br>&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">De Vos et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1000"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">89</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">UC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Anti-TNF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Week 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Endoscopic remission week 10 &#40;Mayo ES &#8804;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;50 or &#8595; &#60;80&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yamamoto et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0990"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">87</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Cell Sciences &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Ulcerative proctitis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">160&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mesalazine suppositories&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Week 8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Endoscopic remission week 8 &#40;Mayo ES &#8804;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sandborn et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">91</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">UC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">194&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Tofacitinib vs placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Week 8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Endoscopic remission week 8 &#40;Mayo ES<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AUC&#58; area under the ROC curve&#59; CD&#58; Crohn&#39;s disease&#59; CDAI&#58; Crohn&#39;s Disease Activity Index&#59; DG&#58; diagnosis&#59; ET&#58; Edwards and Truelove score&#59; HBI&#58; Harvey-Bradshaw Index&#59; IBD&#58; inflammatory bowel disease&#59; NPV&#58; negative predictive value&#59; PMS&#58; Partial Mayo Score&#59; PPV&#58; positive predictive value&#59; Sens&#46;&#58; sensitivity&#59; Sp&#46;&#58; specificity&#59; TW&#58; modified Truelove Witts score&#59; UC&#58; ulcerative colitis&#59; UCAI&#58; Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Test&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Definition recurrence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cut-off point &#40;&#956;g&#47;g&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sens&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sp&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">PPV &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NPV &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AUC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tibble et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">93</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ELISA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IBD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDAI &#62;150<br>HBI &#62;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">250&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ferreiro et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">100</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann Quantum Blue&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IBD<br>CD<br>UC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53<br>33<br>20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HBI &#62;4<br>PMS &#62;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">160<br>160<br>160&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92<br>87<br>100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">83<br>84<br>81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69<br>97<br>48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">96<br>95<br>100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;88<br>0&#46;89<br>0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Kallel et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">96</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Calprest &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDAI &#62;150 or &#916;CDAI &#62;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">340&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Garc&#237;a-S&#225;nchez et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">99</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Calprest &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IBD<br>CD<br>UC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">135<br>69<br>66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><br>CDAI &#62;150 TW &#8805;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">150<br>200<br>120&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75<br>80<br>81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">68<br>65<br>63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">49<br>46<br>49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">68<br>88<br>88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;72<br>0&#46;75<br>0&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Gisbert et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">97</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IBD<br>CD<br>UC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">163<br>89<br>74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><br>CDAI &#62;150 TW &#8805;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">167<br>169<br>164&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69<br>69<br>69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75<br>76<br>74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">35<br>33<br>36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">93<br>94<br>92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;73<br>0&#46;77<br>0&#46;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">D&#8217;Inc&#224; et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">98</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Calprest &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IBD<br>CD<br>UC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">162<br>65<br>97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><br>CDAI &#62;150<br>ET &#62;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130<br>130<br>130&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">68<br>65<br>70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67<br>62<br>70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52<br>44<br>60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79<br>80<br>79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;67<br>0&#46;65<br>0&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Costa et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">94</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Calprest &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CD<br>UC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38<br>41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDAI &#62;150<br>UCAI &#62;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">150<br>150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">87<br>89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">43<br>82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50<br>81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">83<br>90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;58<br>0&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Molander et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">107</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CALPRO &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IBD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HBI &#62;4 with &#916; &#8805;3 or HBI &#62;8<br>PMS &#62;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">140<br>200&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53<br>50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79<br>83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">De Vos et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">106</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PhiCal Test &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">UC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PMS &#62;2 or treatment escalation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Laharie et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">105</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann &#40;ELISA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CDAI &#62;250 or treatment escalation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130<br>250&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">61<br>43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48<br>57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;<br>&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;<br>&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;<br>&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ferreiro et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">101</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann Quantum Blue&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HBI &#62;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">204&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Garcia-Planella et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">103</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PreventID CalDetect&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">UC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">206&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">PMS &#8805;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>treatment escalation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Undetectable<br>15<br>60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">94<br>27<br>18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23<br>82<br>89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6<br>8<br>9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">99<br>95<br>95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;<br>&#8211;<br>&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ferreiro et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">102</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&#252;hlmann Quantum Blue&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IBD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HBI &#62;4<br>PMS &#62;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">FC is expressed in its current equivalent of &#956;g&#47;g&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Sensitivity&#44; specificity and predictive values were calculated considering as &#8220;true positive&#8221; the patient with activity and FC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>the cut-off point&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Values &#62;250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g are associated with evident endoscopic activity &#40;Mayo endoscopic subscore &#62;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">250&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Values &#62;250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g are associated with colonic or ileal-colonic endoscopic activity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Values &#62;150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g are associated with endoscopic activity in disease only affecting the ileum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Response to induction therapy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Prediction of recurrence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Values repeatedly &#60;150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;g mean recurrence in the following 3 months is unlikely&#46; Recommended frequency&#58; 3&#8211;6 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Interpreting the determination of faecal calprotectin in different clinical scenarios&#46;</p>"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
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                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
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                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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            1 => array:3 [
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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            2 => array:3 [
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            3 => array:3 [
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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            4 => array:3 [
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            5 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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            6 => array:3 [
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Correlation between faecal excretion of indium-111-labelled granulocytes and calprotectin&#44; a granulocyte marker protein&#44; in patients with inflammatory bowel disease"
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                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                        "volumen" => "34"
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            7 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                        "volumen" => "35"
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            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0600"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
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Article information

ISSN: 24443824
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.gastre.2018.05.018

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Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	1	0	1
2024 October	20	15	35
2024 September	35	22	57
2024 August	32	15	47
2024 July	26	7	33
2024 June	28	6	34
2024 May	19	2	21
2024 April	19	19	38
2024 March	119	9	128
2024 February	114	5	119
2024 January	101	16	117
2023 December	52	6	58
2023 November	65	6	71
2023 October	111	15	126
2023 September	89	6	95
2023 August	43	5	48
2023 July	19	12	31
2023 June	19	6	25
2023 May	36	12	48
2023 April	37	16	53
2023 March	62	10	72
2023 February	22	6	28
2023 January	46	12	58
2022 December	30	22	52
2022 November	37	14	51
2022 October	92	11	103
2022 September	57	11	68
2022 August	40	11	51
2022 July	34	11	45
2022 June	32	13	45
2022 May	33	13	46
2022 April	45	21	66
2022 March	65	10	75
2022 February	63	7	70
2022 January	85	8	93
2021 December	64	9	73
2021 November	50	14	64
2021 October	64	7	71
2021 September	45	15	60
2021 August	79	9	88
2021 July	37	14	51
2021 June	34	10	44
2021 May	33	8	41
2021 April	113	25	138
2021 March	58	6	64
2021 February	64	12	76
2021 January	67	13	80
2020 December	65	10	75
2020 November	63	21	84
2020 October	38	5	43
2020 September	53	12	65
2020 August	43	8	51
2020 July	29	12	41
2020 June	58	2	60
2020 May	44	17	61
2020 April	37	8	45
2020 March	114	9	123
2020 February	95	13	108
2020 January	40	14	54
2019 December	27	19	46
2019 November	29	2	31
2019 October	29	8	37
2019 September	47	11	58
2019 August	38	14	52
2019 July	46	18	64
2019 June	46	26	72
2019 May	136	57	193
2019 April	64	27	91
2019 March	22	6	28
2019 February	53	15	68
2019 January	38	16	54
2018 December	28	15	43
2018 November	69	26	95
2018 October	96	29	125

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