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Black esophagus, is it as bad as it seems?
Esófago negro ¿es tan malo como parece?
Amparo Roa Colomo
, Adelina García Robles, Elena Ruiz Escolano
Corresponding author
Unidad de Gestión Clínica del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
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"tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "632" "paginaFinal" => "633" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Amparo Roa Colomo, Adelina García Robles, Elena Ruiz Escolano" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Amparo" "apellidos" => "Roa Colomo" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "amparo.roa.colomo@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Adelina" "apellidos" => "García Robles" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Elena" "apellidos" => "Ruiz Escolano" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Gestión Clínica del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Esófago negro ¿es tan malo como parece?" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 807 "Ancho" => 1007 "Tamanyo" => 133605 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Endoscopic image of medial oesophagus showing necrotic oesophageal mucosa spreading proximally from the distal oesophagus.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 60-year-old man, an active smoker and drinker with multiple diseases, was admitted for Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, severe hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia, urinary sepsis, respiratory infection, and Ogilvie syndrome. After presenting haematemesis, he underwent an emergency gastroscopy which visualised from 23 cm to oesophagogastric transition, oesophagus with continuous blackish mucosa found to be highly friable with the passage of the endoscope and possessed a necrotic appearance (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). The proximal oesophagus was left intact. Following 10 days of NPO, parenteral nutrition and omeprazole infusion, the patient’s oesophageal mucosa was re-evaluated and found to show improvement and re-epithelialisation (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). His diet was gradually reintroduced, and his condition followed a suitable clinical course.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acute necrotising oesophagitis or black oesophagus is rare, is of unknown aetiology and has a multifactorial pathophysiological mechanism.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It usually manifests in the form of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with multiple diseases, malnourished patients and patients with ischaemic and infectious conditions. It is diagnosed when a black, friable and haemorrhagic oesophageal mucosa located in the distal third of the oesophagus with proximal spread is visualised on endoscopy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment is based on bowel rest, suitable hydration and nutrition, and proton-pump inhibitors at high doses, associated with specific management of adjacent diseases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> A mortality rate of up to 32 % has been reported<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>, although it is also linked to the patient’s underlying disease.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Roa Colomo A, García Robles A, Ruiz Escolano E. Esófago negro ¿es tan malo como parece? Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;42:632–633.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 807 "Ancho" => 1007 "Tamanyo" => 133605 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Endoscopic image of medial oesophagus showing necrotic oesophageal mucosa spreading proximally from the distal oesophagus.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 807 "Ancho" => 1007 "Tamanyo" => 105407 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Endoscopic image of medial oesophagus showing oesophageal mucosa in process of re-epithelialisation with patchy areas of fibrin and normal mucosa.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acute esophageal necrosis: a case series and its management" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S. Igbal" 1 => "M.H.Y. Leong" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Surg Case Rep" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "2018" "numero" => "December 11" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "4" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Black esophagus" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J.M.C. Monteiro" 1 => "L.F. Castelo" 2 => "W.G.G. Fischer" 3 => "A. Felipe-Silva" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Autops Case Rep." "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "9" "numero" => "March 1" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical presentations, management, and outcomes of acute esophageal necrosis: a systemic review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H.M. Abdullah" 1 => "W. Ullah" 2 => "M. Abdallah" 3 => "U. Khan" 4 => "A. Hurairah" 5 => "M. Atiq" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/17474124.2019.1601555" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "13" "numero" => "May 5" "paginaInicial" => "507" "paginaFinal" => "514" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30933549" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/24443824/0000004200000010/v1_201912241024/S2444382419302378/v1_201912241024/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "75461" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Images of the month" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/24443824/0000004200000010/v1_201912241024/S2444382419302378/v1_201912241024/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2444382419302378?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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