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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) Small bowel Crohn's disease: Proximal lesions linked to increased inflammation a...
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Vol. 48. Issue 3.
(March 2025)
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Vol. 48. Issue 3.
(March 2025)
Original article
Small bowel Crohn's disease: Proximal lesions linked to increased inflammation and biologic treatment needs
Enfermedad de Crohn del intestino delgado: Lesiones proximales asociadas a mayor inflamación y necesidad de tratamiento biológico
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João Carlos Gonçalvesa,b,c,
Corresponding author
joaoclgoncalves@outlook.com

Corresponding author.
, Cátia Arieiraa,b,c, Sofia Xaviera,b,c, Joana Magalhãesa,b,c, Maria João Moreiraa,b,c, Bruno Rosaa,b,c, José Cottera,b,c
a Gastroenterology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Ave, Guimarães, Portugal
b Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
c ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Baseline demographic, clinical characteristics and laboratory values for Proximal+T3 and T3 groups.
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Table 2. Outcomes for individuals with mild SB CD in the Proximal+T3 and T3 groups.
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Additional material (1)
Abstract
Objective

Crohn's disease (CD) is heterogeneous, and proximal involvement in the small bowel (SB) is associated with worse outcomes. Nonetheless, studies on the impact of duodenal and jejunal lesions in SB CD are limited. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of individuals diagnosed with SB CD, comparing those with and without proximal inflammation.

Methods

A cohort of 53 treatment-naive SB CD patients that underwent Capsule Endoscopy at diagnosis were retrospectively selected. The inflammatory activity was quantified using the Lewis Score for each SB tertile.

Results

Thirty-seven (69.8%) patients displayed inflammatory activity in the first and/or second tertile together with third tertile involvement (Proximal+T3 group). Sixteen (30.2%) had inflammation in the third tertile only (T3 group). Individuals in the Proximal+T3 group had a higher risk for moderate-to-severe inflammation (OR 4.93, 95% CI: 1.3–18.3, p=0.013). A subgroup analysis for those with mild inflammatory activity showed that individuals in the Proximal+T3 group initiated biologic drugs more often (OR 11, 95% CI: 1.1–109.7, p=0.036).

Conclusion

Proximal SB lesions are associated with increased inflammatory activity, necessitating more frequent use of biologics in patients with mild disease. Early detection of proximal SB CD with Capsule Endoscopy may contribute to timely treatment.

Keywords:
Small bowel Crohn's disease
Proximal inflammation
Capsule endoscopy
Resumen
Objetivo

La enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es heterogénea, y la inflamación proximal en el intestino delgado (ID) se asocia a un peor pronóstico. Sin embargo, los datos sobre el impacto de las lesiones duodenales y yeyunales en la EC del ID son limitados. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo investigar las características clínicas y los resultados de individuos diagnosticados con EC del ID, comparando aquellos con y sin inflamación proximal.

Métodos

Se seleccionó retrospectivamente una cohorte de 53 pacientes con EC del ID sin tratamiento previo que se sometieron a cápsula endoscópica en el momento del diagnóstico. La actividad inflamatoria se cuantificó utilizando el Score de Lewis para cada tercio del ID.

Resultados

Treinta y siete pacientes (69,8%) presentaron actividad inflamatoria en el primer y/o segundo tercil junto con el tercer tercil (grupo Proximal+T3). Dieciséis (30,2%) mostraron inflamación únicamente en el tercer tercil (grupo T3). Los individuos en el grupo Proximal+T3 tuvieron un mayor riesgo de inflamación moderada a severa (OR: 4,93; IC95%: 1,3-18,3; p=0,013). Un análisis de subgrupo para aquellos con actividad inflamatoria leve mostró que los individuos en el grupo Proximal+T3 iniciaron el tratamiento con fármacos biológicos con mayor frecuencia (OR: 11; IC95%: 1,1-109,7; p=0,036).

Conclusiones

Las lesiones proximales se asocian a mayor actividad inflamatoria, requiriendo un uso más frecuente de biológicos en la enfermedad leve. La detección temprana de EC del ID con cápsula endoscópica puede contribuir al tratamiento más apropiado.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de Crohn del intestino delgado
Inflamación proximal
Endoscopia por cápsula

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