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Inicio Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular ¿La hipertensión de bata blanca es un estadio prehipertensivo? Dos años de se...
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Vol. 20. Issue 9.
Pages 388-394 (December 2003)
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Vol. 20. Issue 9.
Pages 388-394 (December 2003)
¿La hipertensión de bata blanca es un estadio prehipertensivo? Dos años de seguimiento mediante monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial
Is white coat hypertension a stage of pre-hypertension? Two years of follow-up by means of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
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E. Márquez Contreras1
Corresponding author
emarquezc@papps.org

Correspondencia: E. Márquez Contreras. Avda. Italia, 107, 5.º A. 21003 Huelva.
, J.J. Casado Martínez, A. Fernández Ortega, I. Botello Pérez
Centro de Salud La Orden. Huelva
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Propósito del estudio

Analizar la evolución de la hipertensión de bata blanca (HBB) a hipertensión arterial (HTA) mantenida mediante monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial (MAPA) a los dos años de seguimiento tras su diagnóstico.

Métodos usados

Estudio prospectivo de cohortes en Atención Primaria. Se seleccionaron 86 individuos sin tratamiento antihipertensivo divididos en dos grupos: a) grupo no expuestos (GNE): 43 normotensos voluntarios, y b) grupo expuestos: 43 individuos con HBB (PA clínicas superiores e inferiores, respectivamente, a 140 y/o 90 mmHg y cifras de PA ambulatoria diurna inferiores a 135 y 85 mmHg). Se realizó una MAPA (Spacelabs 90207) al inicio, a los 6 meses, al año y dos años. Se compararon las PA clínicas y ambulatorias, la incidencia de HTA por MAPA y el riesgo relativo. Se consideró HTA mantenida cifras de PA diurnas superiores a 135 y/o 85 mmHg para PA sistólica (PAS) y PA diastólica (PAD), respectivamente.

Resultados

Finalizaron el estudio 81 pacientes, 40 en el GE y 41 en el GNE, sin diferencias en edad y sexo al inicio. La incidencia de HTA a los 6 meses fue del 4,87% (IC = 0-28,2) en GNE y del 20 % (IC = 0-43,5) en el GE (RR=3,8; IC=0,86-16,9) (p=0,052). Al año fue del 9,75% (IC=0-30,6) en el GNE frente al 47,5 % (IC = 21,7-73,3) en GE (RR=4,63; IC=1,7-12,4) (p=0,001) y a los dos años fue del 21,95 % (IC = 2,95-40,9 %) en el GNE frente al 55% (IC = 27-73 %) en el GE (RR = 2,51; IC = 1,32-4,74) (p = 0,0022). La incidencia de HTA mantenida aumenta al incrementar los rangos de valores de PA diurnas, con un mayor porcentaje en los grupos de PA sistólica diurna de 126- 130 y >130 mmHg.

Conclusiones

Los pacientes con HBB presentan una incidencia de HTA superior respecto a los normotensos, tanto al año como a los dos años de seguimiento.

Palabras clave:
hipertensión de bata blanca
hipertensión arterial
monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial
incidencia
estudio de cohortes
Aim of the study

To analyze the evolution of white coat hypertension (WCH) to sustained hypertension by means of ABPM over two years of follow-up after diagnosis.

Methods

Prospective cohort study in Primary Care. Eighty-six individuals not undergoing hypertensive treatment were selected and divided in two groups. The first group was non-exposed and comprised 43 normotensive volunteers. The second group was exposed and comprised 43 individuals with WCH (BP levels higher and lower than 140 and/or 90 mmHg, respectively; daytime ambulatory BP values lower than 135 and 85 mmHg). ABPM (Spacelabs 90207) were performed at the outset, 6 months, one year and two years. Clinical and ambulatory BP, incidence of hypertension by ABPM and relative risk were all compared. Daytime BP levels higher than 135 and/or 85 mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively, were considered to be indicators of sustained hypertension.

Results

Eighty-one patients, 40 exposed and 41 non-exposed, completed the study. There were no variations in either age or sex at beginning of the study. Incidence of hypertension at 6 months was of 4.87% (CI=0-28.2 %) in the non-exposed group and 20 % (CI = 0-43.5) in the exposed group (RR = 3.8; IC = 0.86-16.9) (p = 0.052). At one year, it was of 9.75 % (CI = 0-30.6) in the non-exposed group as opposed to 47.5 % (CI = 21.7-73.3) in the exposed group (RR = 4.63; CI = 1.7-12.4) (p = 0.001). At two years, it was 21.95 % (CI = 2.95-40.9%) in the non-exposed group as opposed to 55 % (CI=27-73%) in the exposed group (RR = 2.51; CI = 1.32-4.74) (p = 0.0022). Incidence of sustained hypertension increases with increasing ranges of daytime BP values, there being a higher percentage in groups with a daytime SBP of 126-130 and >130 mmHg.

Conclusions

WCH patients show a higher incidence of hypertension compared to normotensive patients at both one year and two years of follow-up.

Key words:
white coat hypertension
hypertension
ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
incidence
cohort study

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