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Vol. 14. Issue 3.
Pages 206-216 (September 2010)
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Vol. 14. Issue 3.
Pages 206-216 (September 2010)
Open Access
Ética de la Investigación científica: la fiebre amarilla, la Comisión Reed y el origen del consentimiento informado
Ethics in scientific research: yellow fever, the Reed Commission and the origin of informed consent
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Fernando Suárez-Obando1,
Corresponding author
fernando.suarez@javeriana.edu.co

Carrera 7 N° 40-62, edificio 32, Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, código postal 110231, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Teléfono: 320-8320, extensiones 2787 y 2797; fax: extensión 2794
, Adriana Ordoñez2
1 Médico genetista y especialista en Bioética; profesor asistente, Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
2 Bacterióloga, máster en Genética Humana y en Filosofía de la Ciencia; profesora asociada, Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
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Resumen

Durante el siglo XIX las investigaciones en infectología y microbiología, confirmaron la teoría “contagionista” de la enfermedad, descartando la teoría miasmática, fomentando el desarrollo de técnicas para aislar los microorganismos causantes de las infecciones y descubriendo los mecanismos de trasmisión de la enfermedad. Ante la dificultad de tener modelos animales para varios grupos de enfermedades, la experimentación en seres humanos se hizo necesaria, incluyendo la autoinoculación de los investigadores.

La historia de las investigaciones sobre la fiebre amarilla en Cuba es una experiencia paradigmática y fundamental de la salud pública y ejemplo del triunfo del planteamiento de la infectología. Sin embargo, las circunstancias subyacentes a los triunfos científicos sobre la peste americana relatan una historia menos conocida, caracterizada por el sacrificio y el heroísmo, de la cual surgen los fundamentos de la ética en la investigación científica y el origen del moderno consentimiento informado.

Mucho antes del Código de Nuremberg, las investigaciones de Walter Reed y las teorías de Carlos Finlay interactuaron para establecer un hito histórico que derivó en el triunfo de la medicina científica, y en el origen de la documentación y formalización estricta del respeto a la integridad de los voluntarios que participan en la investigación.

Palabras clave:
fiebre amarilla
consentimiento informado
historia
ética
Abstract

During the Nineteenth Century, research on infectious diseases and microbiology confirmed the disease's contagionist theory, thus ruling out the miasma theory and promoting the development of techniques to isolate the microorganisms that cause infections and the discovery of mechanisms for the disease's transmission. Given the difficulty for having animal models for several disease groups, experimentation with humans, including the researchers’ selfinoculation, became necessary. The history of yellow fever research in Cuba is a Public Health's fundamental and paradigmatic experience and an example of the approach to infectious diseases’ triumph. However, the circumstances underlying the scientific triumphs in the fight against the American Plague tell a less known story, marked by sacrifice and heroism, which generated the foundations for Scientific Research Ethics and the origin of modern Informed Consent. Long before the Nuremberg Code, Walter Reed's research and Carlos Finlay's theories interacted to establish a milestone that led to the triumph of scientific medicine and to the origin of respect for strict documentation related to the integrity of volunteers involved in research.

Key words:
Yellow Fever
Informed Consent
History
Ethics
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Copyright © 2010. Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN)
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