Article information
Abstract
Epidemiological and molecular studies have pointed to links between infection, inflammation and cancer, which appear to converge at the molecular level in mechanisms associated with innate immunity. Here, the present knowledge about the secreted scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) protein Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors 1 (DMBT1), also known as glycoprotein-340 or salivary agglutinin, is summarized. DMBT1 is differentially expressed in various cancer types with most of these displaying a downregulation. As a lumenally secreted protein, it exerts functions in innate pathogen defense and the regulation of inflammation. By contrast, it may trigger epithelial and stem cell differentiation as an extracellular matrix protein. Its broad responsiveness to pathophysiological stimuli points to a general role in cell and tissue protection, which possibly is best circumscribed by linking pathogen defense and regulation of the inflammatory response to regenerative processes. Compelling similarities to the functions of SRCR proteins in primitive metazoa such as sponges and sea urchins exist, which support that its various functions may rely on an ancient and simple principle, i.e. the differential mediation of adhesion and anti-adhesion. Similar to NF- κB signaling pathways, which are also indirectly regulated by DMBT1, the present state of the art indicates that DMBT1 not only could exert disease-preventing, but probably also disease-promoting functions. Taken together, DMBT1 may represent a paradigm for an archetypal link between infection, inflammation, and cancer. Understanding its complex mode of action promises novel insights into the origin and the molecular basis of major human diseases.
Key words:
Scavenger receptor
DMBT1
Inflammation
Infection
Cancer
Resumen
Los estudios epidemiológicos y moleculares indican vínculos entre infección, inflamación y cáncer, que parece que convergen a nivel molecular en mecanismos asociados con la inmunidad innata. Aquí, presentamos un resumen del conocimiento sobre la proteína secretada “scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR)” Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors 1 (DMBT1), también conocida como glicoproteína-340 o aglutinina de la saliva. DMBT1 se expresa diferencialmente en varios tipos de cáncer, en muchos casos disminuyendo su regulación. Como proteína secretada al lumen, tiene funciones en la defensa innata contra los patógenos, y la regulación de la inflamación. En contraste, podría inducir la diferenciación epitelial y de células madre, como proteína de la matriz extracelular. Su amplia respuesta a estímulos patofisiológicos sugiere un papel general en la protección celular y tisular, probablemente uniendo la defensa contra patógenos y la regulación de la respuesta inflamatoria a procesos regenerativos. Existen similitudes muy interesantes con las funciones de otras proteínas SRCR presentes en metazoos primitivos, como las esponjas y los erizos de mar. Esto sugiere que sus diferentes funciones podrían basarse en un principio antiguo y simple, que sería la mediación diferencial de adhesión y anti-adhesión. De manera similar a las vías de señalización de NF-κB, que también están reguladas indirectamente por DMBT1, el conocimiento actual indica que DMBT1 no sólo podría tener funciones de prevención de enfermedad, sino probablemente también funciones generadoras de enfermedad. En resumen, DMBT1 podría representar un paradigma del vínculo arquetípico entre infección, inflamación, y cáncer. La comprensión de su complejo modo de acción promete nuevos puntos de vista sobre el origen y las bases moleculares de las grandes enfermedades humanas.
Palabras clave:
Receptor scavenger
DMBT1
Inflamación
Infección
Cáncer
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