Assessment of shared decision-making in community mental health care: Validation of the CollaboRATE | International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology

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Note. c = total effect, c’ = direct effect. β, C and C´ represent unstandardized coefficients **p < .01. n.s. Non-significant." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Cristina Senín-Calderón, Salvador Perona-Garcelán, Juan F. Rodríguez-Testal" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Cristina" "apellidos" => "Senín-Calderón" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Salvador" "apellidos" => "Perona-Garcelán" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juan F." "apellidos" => "Rodríguez-Testal" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1697260020300521?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/16972600/0000002000000003/v2_202009170839/S1697260020300521/v2_202009170839/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Assessment of shared decision-making in community mental health care: Validation of the CollaboRATE" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "262" "paginaFinal" => "270" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Carlos De las Cuevas, Ingunn Mundal, Moisés Betancort, Mariela L. Lara-Cabrera" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Carlos" "apellidos" => "De las Cuevas" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "ccuevas@ull.edu.es" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Ingunn" "apellidos" => "Mundal" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Moisés" "apellidos" => "Betancort" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Mariela L." "apellidos" => "Lara-Cabrera" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "h" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Norway" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Kristiansund Community Mental Health Centre, Division of Mental Health, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Norway" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Research and Development, Division of Mental Health, St Olav’s University Hospital, Norway" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Dept. of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 7 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Tiller Community Mental Health Centre, Division of Psychiatry, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Norway" "etiqueta" => "h" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author: Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud–Sección Medicina, Campus de Ofra s/n, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Evaluación de la toma de decisiones compartidas en la atención comunitaria de salud mental: validación de CollaboRATE" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 664 "Ancho" => 881 "Tamanyo" => 23492 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "CollaboRate test information function." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "Shared decision-making (SDM) is a collaborative and mutual process in which patients and clinicians address the patients’ values and preferences with clinical evidence (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">Elwyn et al., 2012; Fisher et al., 2018</a>). Both the patient and clinician are involved in all phases to share information and express treatment preferences, henceforth, they come to an agreement and make decisions together (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">Shay & Lafata, 2014</a>). In long term conditions, this model is supported by the positive effects of involving patients in decisions, such as increased satisfaction with received health care, increased agreement with prescribed treatment, and quality of life (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">Durand et al., 2014</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">Kew, Malik, Aniruddhan, & Normansell, 2017</a>). However, the implementation of SDM has been surprisingly hard to achieve in in routine mental health care and has not yet been implemented (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">Alguera-Lara, Dowsey, Ride, Kinder, & Castle, 2017</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">Slade, 2017</a>).There is increasing evidence that SDM positively impacts health outcomes (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Huang, Plummer, Lam, & Cross, 2020</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Joosten et al., 2008</a>), but research on SDM in routine mental health care has a limited extent (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200">Rodenburg-Vandenbussche et al., 2019; Slade, 2017</a>). In clinical psychology and psychiatric care settings, SDM presents several research-related challenges to overcome an efficacious implementation and adequate assessment. To date, there is no gold standard measurement of SDM in research (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">Sepucha & Scholl, 2014</a>). Even though there are an increasing number of tools to measure patient participation in treatment decisions (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">Gartner et al., 2018</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">Norful et al., 2020</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">Phillips, Street, & Haesler, 2016</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">Scholl et al., 2011</a>), the measures contain many items, and observer-completed tools with coding scheme that may require training of scorers. Implementing the measurement of SDM in mental health clinical practice is also affected by comprehensive questionnaires that may not be practical for completion by patients in many clinical settings (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">Phillips et al., 2016</a>), and by the reduced measurement quality of the questionnaires (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095">Gartner et al., 2018; Phillips et al., 2016</a>). The latter can affect the implementation process because studies from the field of clinical psychiatry are frequently described as busy mental health settings, where the most common perceived barrier is a lack of time (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Huang et al., 2020</a>; Pieterse, Stiggelbout, & Montori, 2019; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">Rodenburg-Vandenbussche et al., 2019</a>), followed by the lack of adequate SDM tools (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Kalsi, Ward, Lee, Fulford, & Handa, 2019</a>). Another challenge regarding the implementation of SDM-measurement in clinical settings is that the most feasible assessment relies on self-reported patient experience measures. As such, extensive measures can be exhausting for patients, restricting their reliability and applicability. Appropriate and short measures are required to improve the implementation of SDM through valid and reliable assessment. However, only few studies have investigated tools to simplify the assessment of SDM in specialized mental health settings.Thus, the choice of the most appropriate measure should be based on the instrument’s content and adequate characteristics, as this will help to avoid burdensome and time-consuming measures. The creator of CollaboRATE, a patient self-reported questionnaire developed in 2013, has proposed that CollaboRATE meets these requisites. The brevity and simplicity of the three-item version of the questionnaire has been emphasized in making it feasible to administer in different clinical settings. The questionnaire makes it easy to measure three core SDM dimensions: (1) the patient’s perception of how much effort was made to help them to understand their health issue; (2) how much the health professional listened to the patient concerning their health issue; and (3) how much effort was made to include what mattered most to most to the patient in the decision about what to do next.The CollaboRATE focused on patients’ perceptions of being informed about and being involved in the decision‐making steps; these issues are briefly and clearly encapsulated in the questions. Moreover, it is sufficiently generic to be applicable to all clinical encounters and for all conditions (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">Elwyn et al., 2013</a>), and it seems well suited for busy mental health settings.Although the questionnaire was originally validated in 2013, the evidence of its validity has been increasingly documented among several populations. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">Barr et al. (2014)</a> used data from the United States to report that the questionnaire had discriminant validity, concurrent validity, and sensitivity to change. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">Forcino et al. (2018)</a> have pilot tested a Spanish translation of the questionnaire for use in the United States among patients attending an internal medicine clinic. Their study provided preliminary evidence of the acceptability for routine administration and documented that the questionnaire was easy to use (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">Forcino et al., 2018</a>). <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Bravo, Contreras, Dois, and Villarroel (2018))</a> have conducted a validation study among women in maternity hospital units and found a one-factor solution for the modified version of the CollaboRate. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">Hurley et al. (2019)</a> have compared the CollaboRATE with other extensive measures in a pediatric outpatient setting and found that parents of children aged 1-5 years preferred the CollaboRATE.A Swedish validation study from 2016 (N = 121) was conducted among adults attending municipal services, supported housing services, and rehabilitation mental health programs (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">Rosenberg, Schon, Nyholm, Grim, & Svedberg, 2017</a>). The study found that a modified version of the CollaboRATE displayed good face and content validity, adequate stability over time, and high internal consistency (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">Rosenberg et al., 2017</a>). Another recent Swedish study conducted among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (N = 193) reported that the CollaboRATE showed good evidence of validity and reliability to measure SDM in addition to accessible time completion (less than 30 seconds) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Brostrom, Pakpour, Nilsen, Hedberg, & Ulander, 2019</a>). A validation study conducted in Argentina among adults (N = 56) receiving treatment in family medicine and primary care centers (N = 30), and specialists (N = 26) found that the CollaboRATE presented adequate evidences of reliability and criterion validity (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">Ruiz Yanzi et al., 2019</a>).Although several studies have reported that the CollaboRATE is an appropriate tool for the assessment of SDM in routine practice, more research is required to further explore the appropriateness of the brief CollaboRATE. There is currently no evidence to support the suitability of the questionnaire for the specialized psychiatric care. Furthermore, the CollaboRATE has not yet been validated in Spain. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of CollaboRATE as a measure of the SDM process among outpatients attending specialized in routine mental health care in Spain. The following main hypotheses were stated: The CollaboRATE would yield a good fit in a one-factor solution and a good internal consistency.MethodParticipantsThis study cross-sectional study was conducted at the Canary Islands Community Mental Health Hospital. In the fourth quarter of 2019, 250 consecutive outpatients were invited to participate anonymously in the study, 191 persons accepted, and 23.60% refused to participate. Each day, a total of 15 randomly selected patients were informed about the study. In order to be selected, possible participants needed to match to following inclusion criteria: (a) be identified by the personnel at the outpatient service, as a person receiving treatment at the center; (b) be 18 years or older; (c) fluency in Spanish; and (d) consent to participate.InstrumentsThe CollaboRATE measure is a three-item patient self-reported questionnaire developed by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">Elwyn et al. (2013)</a> The items assess SDM. Responses to each item range from 0 (no effort was made) to a maximum of 9 (every effort was made) for a total of 27, with a higher score indicating a better patient-reported experience with SDM. CollaboRATE scores are calculated as the proportion of participants who report a score of nine on each of the three CollaboRATE questions. A calculation is also based on the percentage of patients who rated all three CollaboRATE questions. Similarly, it is possible to calculate the mean of the three CollaboRATE scores and the mean of the sum of the three items, with higher scores representing better self-reported experiences with SDM.The Control Preferences Scale (CPS), developed by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Degner, Sloan, and Venkatesh (1997))</a>, measures the amount of control that patients want to assume in the process of making decisions about the treatment of their diseases was measured using the CPS (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Degner et al., 1997</a>). The card-sorting version of the scale was used in this study. It consists of five cards on a board; each card illustrates a different role in decision-making by means of a cartoon and short descriptive statement. In this study, the patients carried out two assessments: prior to the consultation, the examiner asked the patients to choose their preferred card; after being treated by the mental health professional, the examiner asked them to evaluate their experience using a modified version of the scale (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">De Las Cuevas & Peñate, 2016</a>).ProcedurePatients with an appointment with a psychiatrist at the hospital were invited to participate. A total of three psychiatrists were working at the center during the data collection period. Some of the patients self-reported that they were receiving treatment from a psychologist as well. The patients were identified by the personnel at the outpatient service, who informed them about the study and explained that those who were interested in participating could contact the researcher at the waiting room. Each day, a total of 15 randomly selected patients were informed about the study. All patients interested in participating in the study received full explanations of the study during their stay in the waiting room before the consultation. Those who consented to participate filled out the CollaboRATE and the CPS questionnaires before and after their consultations, together with a brief sociodemographic survey. The study was carried out in accordance with the code of ethics of the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures and consent forms were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Canary Islands Health Service.Statistical analysesThe data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 for Macintosh (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">IBM, 2017</a>) and using R library psych (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190">R Core Team, 2019; Revelle, 2018</a>) with ULLRToolbox by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Hernández and Betancort (2016)</a>. The participants were described with means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages. A Goodman and Kruskal's gamma coefficient was calculated to analyze the relationship between preferred and experienced roles. Mean item scores for each of the three CollaboRATE items and top scores were calculated. Calculations were also made for the proportion of desired and perceived participation in treatment decisions. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s α, Guttman's λ and ω. Factor analysis was performed using principal component and minimum rank analysis (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">Muñiz & Fonseca-Pedrero, 2019</a>). The usual level of significance was set to p < .05, and 95% CIs were described where required to measure variability.Results<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> depicts the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics in addition to the preferences and experiences of participants, all according to the CPS. There were more female participants (63.40%), and the mean age of all participants was 44.90 ± 15.30 years. Only a minority of participants had higher education: 27.70% had a university degree. Patients’ diagnoses were available in 92% of the patients and included depressive disorder as the most prevalent (37.70%), followed by anxiety disorders (34.60%), schizophrenia (11.50%), and bipolar disorders (4.70%).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Almost half of the patients (n = 87, 45.50%) expressed their preference for the doctor and patient sharing responsibility for the decision about which treatment was best, while 24 (12.60%) preferred to leave all treatment decisions to their doctor. Only three patients (1.60%) preferred to make the final treatment decision themselves. Half of the sample expressed a collaborative attitude (n = 99, 51.80%) and self-reported that they shared responsibility with their doctor for deciding which treatment was the best. Next, 52 persons (28.80%) self-reported that their doctor made the final treatment decision after seriously considering their opinion. Overall concordance between preferred and experienced SDM was only 51.30% (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). A total of 51 persons (26.70%) self-reported having a more passive role than preferred, and 42 (22%) self-reported having a role that was more active than they preferred. Goodman and Kruskal's gamma coefficient, which was calculated to analyze the relationship between preferred and experienced roles, exhibited a statistically significance concordance (gamma = .30, p = .003).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>The CollaboRATE measure was welcomed by participating patients because it took less than 1 minute to complete and had no missing data. As <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> indicates, the mean item scores for each of the three CollaboRATE items ranged from 7.40 ± 2.10 to 7.60 ± 2.10. The top scores for each of the three items ranged from 47.10% to 51.80%, and 39.80% of psychiatric outpatients gave the best possible score on the three items. Neither socio-demographic (gender, age, educational level) nor clinical variables (diagnosis and time under psychiatric treatment) played a relevant role in patients’ perception of SDM according to CollaboRATE, since no significant differences were confirmed.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>Evidence of validity of internal structure of the CollaboRATEThe performed factor analysis, using principal component analysis, confirmed the unidimensionality of the CollaboRATE measure. The three items perfectly fit a single factor structure that explained 91.10% of variance and factor loadings between 0.94 and .96 (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy = .79; Bartlett's Test of Sphericity: Chi2 = 578,511, df = 3, p < .001; Principal Component Analysis Communalities: item 1 = .90, item 2 = .93, item 3 = .87). <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a> shows the correlation matrix of the factor analysis.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia>An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using minimal rank solution was also performed. The solution obtained was compared with and EFA from Pearson correlation matrix following the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) procedure with solution of minimal residues (Minimal Residual Solution). Both types of factor solutions had the same weights (CollaboRate01 = .92; CollaboRate02 = .96; CollaboRate03 = .90).Reliability of the CollaboRATEThe CollaboRATE measure indicated a high internal consistency (α Cronbach = .95, Guttman's λ = .93, and ω = .95), which suggests that the scale measures only one unique concept. The three items registered high correlations with each other (.84 - .89), indicating that they are measuring the same construct. CollaboRATE items showed high correlations with the total scale score (.88 - .92). Corrected homogeneity or discrimination indexes obtained where really high (Item 1 = .89; Item 2 = .91; Item 3 = .88). No item deletion improved Cronbach's α.Item response theory modelling for evaluating questionnaire item and scale properties was applied. A study of the instrument from a polytomous graduated response model (Graded Response Model) was carried out. A significant model evaluated was reached through an ANOVA model comparing the restricted model vs. unrestricted [AIC 1417.70; BIC 1515.20, Loglik -678.83 LRT 6.86, df 2, p < .032]. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a> display the test information function showing the goodness of the test when it comes to accurately measuring those of the latent trait for different levels of the attribute.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a> depicts the CollaboRATE total score in each self-reported experience according to the CPS. The evidence of convergent validity, a subtype of internal structure validity, indicated that the more passive the experience according to the CPS, the lower the score obtained in the CollaboRATE measure.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionThis study is the first to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of CollaboRATE as a SDM measure in specialized community mental health hospitals. This study yielded relevant results that supported the evidence of the validity of the CollaboRATE. The measure was welcomed in the community psychiatric care; in which a high percentage of outpatients agreed to complete the scale in a short time, and there were no missing data. The one-factor structure and the evidence of convergent validity demonstrated by strong positive correlations between the CollaboRATE and the CPS supported the evidence of validity of the CollaboRATE.The high internal consistency reported in the present study is similar to those previously reported by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">Rosenberg et al. (2017)</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Bravo et al. (2018)</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">Hurley et al. (2019)</a>, and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">Ruiz Yanzi et al. (2019)</a>. Our results confirmed the unidimensional construct of the questionnaire, and are consistent with the hypothesized factor reported in the original study (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">Elwyn et al., 2013</a>). However, contrary to another study from Spain suggesting that SDM may differ depending on gender or medical condition (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Calderon et al., 2018</a>), in our sample, neither socio-demographic (gender, age, educational level) nor clinical variables (diagnosis and time under psychiatric treatment) played a relevant role in patients’ perception of SDM according to the CollaboRATE. On the other hand, the evidence of convergent validity of the instrument was proven by the significant differences evidenced in the CollaboRATE scores of the different perceptions of involvement, according to the modified CPS. Even though these results support the evidence of validity of the CollaboRATE, they also clearly indicate that SDM is not yet widely implemented across specialized community mental health hospitals in Spain.Contrary to other studies (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">Moran-Sanchez, Gomez-Valles, Bernal-Lopez, & Perez-Carceles, 2019</a>), more than half of the participants preferred an active role. However, less than half of the participants reported the best score possible on the CollaboRATE, and there is a limited concordance between the preferences and experiences of psychiatric outpatients in SDM. These findings are in line with previous studies suggesting that SDM has yet to be comprehensively implemented in Spain (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">Perestelo-Perez et al., 2011</a>). This is evidenced by how the Spanish National Health Service still has not incorporated reforms in law that include SDM as a relevant component of mental health care services, or how there still is no standardized practice of interventions to reinforce decisions in routine mental health care (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">Perestelo-Perez et al., 2011</a>).Furthermore, SDM in mental healthcare and clinical psychological care delivery might require competent professionals with personal beliefs and preferences to negotiate an agreement with a patient who can make decisions and holds personal beliefs and preferences (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Grim, Rosenberg, Svedberg, & Schon, 2016</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Huang et al., 2020</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">Rodenburg-Vandenbussche et al., 2019</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">Simmons, Hetrick, & Jorm, 2010</a>). Although psychologists and mental health professionals generally support SDM (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Barr, Forcino, Mishra, Blitzer, & Elwyn, 2016</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Chong, Aslani, & Chen, 2013</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Hamann et al., 2009</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Huang, Plummer, Lam, & Cross, 2020</a>), they may also consider such approach to be an idealized view that is distant from standard psychiatric practice (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Angell & Bolden, 2015</a>), as well as condition-dependent or decision topic-dependent (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">Seale, Chaplin, Lelliott, & Quirk, 2006</a>), and partially non-beneficial under certain circumstances (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Hamann et al., 2009</a>). On the other hand, patients in mental healthcare settings might demonstrate a variability in their preference for involvement (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">De las Cuevas & Peñate, 2014</a>; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">De las Cuevas, Peñate, & de Rivera, 2014</a>), and when the role preferences are not explored by therapists or clinical psychologists, it is difficult to practice based on concordance with the patient’s desire of involvement.The practice of shared decision-making is related to multiple factors and several barriers. The review of the literature has identified time constraints and patients’ decisional incapacity as the main barriers that stand in the way of improving SDM implementation (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115">Hofstede et al., 2013; Huang et al., 2020; Simmons et al., 2010</a>). In mental healthcare, time is precious and scarce, and the lack of such time has been frequently reported as a significant barrier to SDM (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120">Huang et al., 2020; Legare & Thompson-Leduc, 2014; Pieterse et al., 2019</a>). However, the lack of time as a barrier is controversial because there are few studies supporting the claim that it takes too much time (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120">Huang et al., 2020; Rodenburg-Vandenbussche et al., 2019</a>). Anyway, mental health care systems should place a much higher value on and invest in innovations that create time and realize the possibility of time for patient care (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Legare & Thompson-Leduc, 2014</a>). Although there are studies that suggest that psychiatric patients’ decisional incapacity might be affected (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040">Candia & Barba, 2011; Jeste et al., 2018</a>), the majority of the patients are capable of making treatment decisions (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040">Candia & Barba, 2011; Huang et al., 2020</a>). However, the complexity of SDM is more challenging than the patients’ lack of competency to participate in decisions.Half of the participants in this study reported that they experienced a lack of effort to help them to understand their health issue and to include in the decision-making process what mattered most for them. These statistics suggest that decision-making is not just about the patient’s ability or capacity to participate in decisions. The findings suggest that there is the need to reciprocate engagement to facilitate information about health issues, and that effort should be made to involve the patient in treatment planning. As the CollaboRATE is quick to fill out, it is a reliable and valid measure that can be used to routinely monitor, evaluate, and implement the model of SDM in specialized mental health settings.This study invited a random sample of patients to participate, and used comparable questionnaires to collect information regarding patient-reported experiences about involvement in treatment decisions, which strengthened the internal structure validity of the CollaboRATE.Although CollaboRATE has high applicability, the study has some limitations that need to be considered. First, the sample comprised psychiatric outpatients who attended at a single community mental health hospital. Second, this study had a high participation rate, and it is possible that a less motivated population could produce a different variability in the preference for their involvement and their experiences with the process of decision-making. In addition, this study had no clinical information of those who did not want to participate in the study, as well as there is a lack of information regarding possible comorbidities or socioeconomic data. These data could have been beneficial to carry on confounding analysis. Finally, due to the cross-sectional design of the study, it was not possible to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the measure, and such evidence of reliability testing should be the subject of future studies. Future research is also needed to investigate that psychometric property. In addition to test-retest reliability, the responsiveness of the questionnaire should be evaluated. It is also important to further assess the impact that comorbidity, received treatment and socio-demographic levels can have on the construct. Future studies could explore how the therapist characteristics affect the construct, and if the CollaboRate is sensitive to different therapists’ characteristics.In conclusion, the present study suggests that the CollaboRATE is a psychometrically robust questionnaire in psychiatric clinical practice. The CollaboRATE measure has proven to be a clinically feasible tool for outpatients to estimate the level of SDM performed by their psychiatrists. It was also found that a significant number of patients are not involved in SDM. The use of this instrument can be crucial in developing knowledge of how best to implement SDM in clinical psychiatric routine care.Authors contributionsThe first and the last author contributed to the design of the study. All authors contributed toward drafting and critically revising the paper, gave final approval of the version to be published, and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.Conflict of InterestThe authors declare that there is no conflict of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1387271" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background/Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1272909" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1387270" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Antecedentes/Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Método" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1272910" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Method" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Participants" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Instruments" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Procedure" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Statistical analyses" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Evidence of validity of internal structure of the CollaboRATE" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Reliability of the CollaboRATE" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Authors contributions" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Conflict of Interest" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack482295" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2020-03-27" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-06-23" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1272909" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "CollaboRATE measure" 1 => "Mental disorders" 2 => "Shared decision-making" 3 => "Instrumental study" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1272910" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "CollaboRATE" 1 => "Trastornos mentales" 2 => "Toma de decisiones compartidas" 3 => "Estudio instrumental" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "Background/ObjectiveCollaboRATE is a 3-item self-report measure of the patient experience of shared decision-making (SDM) process. The objective of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of CollaboRATE in community mental health care. MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted at a Community Mental Health Center of the Canary Islands Health Service. Two hundred and fifty consecutive psychiatric outpatients were invited to participate. Of those, 191 accepted (76.40% of response rate) and completed the CollaboRATE, the Control Preferences Scale (CPS), and a form with sociodemographic and clinical variables. ResultsExploratory factor analysis ratified the unidimensionality of the measure. High internal consistency was found (α Cronbach = .95, Guttman's λ = .93, and ω = .95). Strong positive correlations (p < .0001) were found between the CollaboRATE and the CPS. Only 39.80% of respondents gave the best possible score on CollaboRATE. ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the CollaboRATE as a measure of SDM. The measure is quick to complete and feasible for use in outpatient mental health care. At present, a significative number of psychiatric outpatients are not involved in SDM. The use of this measure in psychiatric routine care can be a key tool in assessing and implementing SDM." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background/Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "Antecedentes/ObjetivoCollaboRATE es un autoinforme de tres ítems que permite al paciente valorar su experiencia en la toma de decisiones compartidas (TDC) sobre su tratamiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de CollaboRATE en la atención comunitaria de salud mental. MétodoSe realizó un estudio transversal en una Unidad de Salud Mental del Servicio Canario de la Salud. Doscientos cincuenta pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatorios consecutivos fueron invitados a participar y 191 aceptaron (76,40%). Los pacientes completaron el CollaboRATE, la Escala de Preferencias de Control (EPC), y un formulario con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. ResultadosEl análisis factorial exploratorio ratificó la unidimensionalidad de la medida. Se encontró una alta consistencia interna (α Cronbach = 0,95; Guttman's λ = 0,93; y ω = 0,95). Se registraron significativas correlaciones positivas (p < 0,0001) entre CollaboRATE y el EPC. Solo el 39,80% de los encuestados dieron la mejor puntuación posible en CollaboRATE. ConclusionesLa versión en español de CollaboRATE es una medida fiable y válida de TDC, rápida de completar y factible para su uso en Psiquiatría comunitaria. En la actualidad, pocos pacientes psiquiátricos son involucrados en TDC. CollaboRATE puede ser una herramienta clave para evaluar e implementar la TDC en la atención psiquiátrica ambulatoria." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Antecedentes/Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Método" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 664 "Ancho" => 881 "Tamanyo" => 23492 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "CollaboRate test information function." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Global \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">121 (63.40) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mean age (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44.90 (15.30) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Education level, n (%)Primary studiesSecondary studiesUniversity degree \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45 (23.60)93 (48.70)53 (27.70) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Time as psychiatric patient (months), mean (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">85.90 (109) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Diagnosis, n (%)SchizophreniaBipolar disorderDepressive disorderAnxiety disorderPersonality disorder \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 (11.50)9 (4.70)72 (37.70)66 (34.60)7 (3.70) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Preferred role according to CPS, n (%)I prefer to make the final treatment decisionI prefer to make the final treatment decision after seriously considering my doctor’s opinionI prefer that my doctor and I share responsibility for deciding which treatment is bestI prefer that my doctor makes the final treatment decision, but seriously considers my opinionI prefer to leave all treatment decisions to my doctor \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (1.60)19 (9.90)87 (45.50)58 (30.40)24 (12.60) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Experienced role according to modified CPS, n (%)I made the final treatment decisionI made the final treatment decision after seriously considering my doctor’s opinionMy doctor and I shared responsibility for deciding which treatment was bestMy doctor made the final treatment decision, but seriously considered my opinionMy doctor made all treatment decisions \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0)8 (4.20)99 (51.80)55 (28.80)29 (15.20) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2381250.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the sample studied (N = 191)." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0015" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">I made the final treatment decision \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">I made the final treatment decision after seriously considering my doctor’s opinion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">My doctor and I shared responsibility for deciding which treatment was best \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">My doctor made the final treatment decision, but seriously considered my opinion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">My doctor made all treatment decisions \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">I prefer to make the final treatment decision \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.30% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">66.60% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">I prefer to make the final treatment decision after seriously considering my doctor’s opinion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.30% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42.10% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15.80% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15.80% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">I prefer that my doctor and I share responsibility for deciding which treatment is best \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">67.80% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.70% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.50% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">I prefer that my doctor makes the final treatment decision, but that they seriously consider my opinion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.20% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39.70% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44.80% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10.30% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">I prefer to leave all treatment decisions to my doctor \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.30% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.30% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.30% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2381249.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Crosstabulation of preferences and experiences of shared decision-making according to the CPS." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0020" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Note. SD: Standard deviation; *Top score, percentage of patients who gave the highest rating possible, which means 9 in every item and 27 in the total score." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CollaboRATE items</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean ± SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Top score* \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Item 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">How much effort was made to help you understand your health issues? \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.50 ± 2.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51.80% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Item 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">How much effort was made to listen to the things that matter most to you about your health issues? \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.60 ± 2.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53.90% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Item 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">How much effort was made to include what matters most to you in choosing what to do next? \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.40 ± 2.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">47.10% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CollaboRATE Total Score</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22.60 ± 6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39.80% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2381252.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "CollaboRATE scores by item and total score." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0025" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Item 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Item 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Item 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Item 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.88<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">***</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.84<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">***</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Item 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.88<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">***</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.87<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">***</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Item 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.84<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">***</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.87<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">***</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2381251.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "***" "nota" => "p < .001" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Correlation matrix of exploratory factor analysis of CollaboRATE items." ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0030" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Note. df: degrees of freedom" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Experienced Control \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ANOVA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">I made the final treatment decision \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25.90 ± 2.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="middle">F = 111.22df 3, p < .001Eta = .80Eta Squared = .64</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">My doctor and I shared responsibility \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25.20 ± 2.10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">My doctor made the final treatment decision, but seriously considered my opinion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23.30 ± 4.60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">My doctor made all treatment decisions \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.40 ± 5.60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">191 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22.60 ± 6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2381248.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "ANOVA results of CollaboRATE total score and experiences of control according modified Control Preferences Scale." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:48 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "Alguera-Lara et al., 2017" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Shared decision making in mental health: The importance for current clinical practice" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "V. Alguera-Lara" 1 => "M.M. Dowsey" 2 => "J. Ride" 3 => "S. Kinder" 4 => "D. Castle" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1177/1039856217734711" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Australasian Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "578" "paginaFinal" => "582" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29017332" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "Angell and Bolden, 2015" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Justifying medication decisions in mental health care: Psychiatrists’ accounts for treatment recommendations" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "B. Angell" 1 => "G.B. 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Elwyn" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009585" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "British Medical Journal Open" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "6" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "Barr et al., 2014" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The psychometric properties of CollaboRATE: A fast and frugal patient-reported measure of the shared decision-making process" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P.J. Barr" 1 => "R. Thompson" 2 => "T. Walsh" 3 => "S.W. Grande" 4 => "E.M. Ozanne" 5 => "G. Elwyn" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2196/jmir.3085" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Journal of Medical Internet Research" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "e2" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24389354" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "Bravo et al., 2018" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Adapting and validating the generic instrument CollaboRATE to measure women’s participation in health related decision-making during the reproductive process" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "P. Bravo" 1 => "A. Contreras" 2 => "A. Dois" 3 => "L. Villarroel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.aprim.2017.04.003" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Atención Primaria" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "50" "paginaInicial" => "274" "paginaFinal" => "281" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28760344" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "Brostrom et al., 2019" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Validation of CollaboRATE and SURE - two short questionnaires to measure shared decision making during CPAP initiation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A. Brostrom" 1 => "A.H. Pakpour" 2 => "P. Nilsen" 3 => "B. Hedberg" 4 => "M. 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Original article

Assessment of shared decision-making in community mental health care: Validation of the CollaboRATE

Evaluación de la toma de decisiones compartidas en la atención comunitaria de salud mental: validación de CollaboRATE

Carlos De las Cuevasa,b,

Corresponding author

ccuevas@ull.edu.es

Corresponding author: Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud–Sección Medicina, Campus de Ofra s/n, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.

, Ingunn Mundalc,d, Moisés Betancorte, Mariela L. Lara-Cabreraf,g,h

a Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain

b Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, Spain

c Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Norway

d Kristiansund Community Mental Health Centre, Division of Mental Health, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Norway

e Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain

f Department of Research and Development, Division of Mental Health, St Olav’s University Hospital, Norway

g Dept. of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway

h Tiller Community Mental Health Centre, Division of Psychiatry, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Norway

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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Shared decision-making &#40;SDM&#41; is a collaborative and mutual process in which patients and clinicians address the patients&#8217; values and preferences with clinical evidence &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">Elwyn et al&#46;&#44; 2012&#59; Fisher et al&#46;&#44; 2018</a>&#41;&#46; Both the patient and clinician are involved in all phases to share information and express treatment preferences&#44; henceforth&#44; they come to an agreement and make decisions together &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">Shay &#38; Lafata&#44; 2014</a>&#41;&#46; In long term conditions&#44; this model is supported by the positive effects of involving patients in decisions&#44; such as increased satisfaction with received health care&#44; increased agreement with prescribed treatment&#44; and quality of life &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">Durand et al&#46;&#44; 2014</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">Kew&#44; Malik&#44; Aniruddhan&#44; &#38; Normansell&#44; 2017</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; the implementation of SDM has been surprisingly hard to achieve in in routine mental health care and has not yet been implemented &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">Alguera-Lara&#44; Dowsey&#44; Ride&#44; Kinder&#44; &#38; Castle&#44; 2017</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">Slade&#44; 2017</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is increasing evidence that SDM positively impacts health outcomes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Huang&#44; Plummer&#44; Lam&#44; &#38; Cross&#44; 2020</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Joosten et al&#46;&#44; 2008</a>&#41;&#44; but research on SDM in routine mental health care has a limited extent &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200">Rodenburg-Vandenbussche et al&#46;&#44; 2019&#59; Slade&#44; 2017</a>&#41;&#46; In clinical psychology and psychiatric care settings&#44; SDM presents several research-related challenges to overcome an efficacious implementation and adequate assessment&#46; To date&#44; there is no gold standard measurement of SDM in research &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">Sepucha &#38; Scholl&#44; 2014</a>&#41;&#46; Even though there are an increasing number of tools to measure patient participation in treatment decisions &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">Gartner et al&#46;&#44; 2018</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">Norful et al&#46;&#44; 2020</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">Phillips&#44; Street&#44; &#38; Haesler&#44; 2016</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">Scholl et al&#46;&#44; 2011</a>&#41;&#44; the measures contain many items&#44; and observer-completed tools with coding scheme that may require training of scorers&#46; Implementing the measurement of SDM in mental health clinical practice is also affected by comprehensive questionnaires that may not be practical for completion by patients in many clinical settings &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">Phillips et al&#46;&#44; 2016</a>&#41;&#44; and by the reduced measurement quality of the questionnaires &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095">Gartner et al&#46;&#44; 2018&#59; Phillips et al&#46;&#44; 2016</a>&#41;&#46; The latter can affect the implementation process because studies from the field of clinical psychiatry are frequently described as busy mental health settings&#44; where the most common perceived barrier is a lack of time &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Huang et al&#46;&#44; 2020</a>&#59; Pieterse&#44; Stiggelbout&#44; &#38; Montori&#44; 2019&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">Rodenburg-Vandenbussche et al&#46;&#44; 2019</a>&#41;&#44; followed by the lack of adequate SDM tools &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Kalsi&#44; Ward&#44; Lee&#44; Fulford&#44; &#38; Handa&#44; 2019</a>&#41;&#46; Another challenge regarding the implementation of SDM-measurement in clinical settings is that the most feasible assessment relies on self-reported patient experience measures&#46; As such&#44; extensive measures can be exhausting for patients&#44; restricting their reliability and applicability&#46; Appropriate and short measures are required to improve the implementation of SDM through valid and reliable assessment&#46; However&#44; only few studies have investigated tools to simplify the assessment of SDM in specialized mental health settings&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thus&#44; the choice of the most appropriate measure should be based on the instrument&#8217;s content and adequate characteristics&#44; as this will help to avoid burdensome and time-consuming measures&#46; The creator of CollaboRATE&#44; a patient self-reported questionnaire developed in 2013&#44; has proposed that CollaboRATE meets these requisites&#46; The brevity and simplicity of the three-item version of the questionnaire has been emphasized in making it feasible to administer in different clinical settings&#46; The questionnaire makes it easy to measure three core SDM dimensions&#58; &#40;1&#41; the patient&#8217;s perception of how much effort was made to help them to understand their health issue&#59; &#40;2&#41; how much the health professional listened to the patient concerning their health issue&#59; and &#40;3&#41; how much effort was made to include what mattered most to most to the patient in the decision about what to do next&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The CollaboRATE focused on patients&#8217; perceptions of being informed about and being involved in the decision&#8208;making steps&#59; these issues are briefly and clearly encapsulated in the questions&#46; Moreover&#44; it is sufficiently generic to be applicable to all clinical encounters and for all conditions &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">Elwyn et al&#46;&#44; 2013</a>&#41;&#44; and it seems well suited for busy mental health settings&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the questionnaire was originally validated in 2013&#44; the evidence of its validity has been increasingly documented among several populations&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">Barr et al&#46; &#40;2014&#41;</a> used data from the United States to report that the questionnaire had discriminant validity&#44; concurrent validity&#44; and sensitivity to change&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">Forcino et al&#46; &#40;2018&#41;</a> have pilot tested a Spanish translation of the questionnaire for use in the United States among patients attending an internal medicine clinic&#46; Their study provided preliminary evidence of the acceptability for routine administration and documented that the questionnaire was easy to use &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">Forcino et al&#46;&#44; 2018</a>&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Bravo&#44; Contreras&#44; Dois&#44; and Villarroel &#40;2018&#41;&#41;</a> have conducted a validation study among women in maternity hospital units and found a one-factor solution for the modified version of the CollaboRate&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">Hurley et al&#46; &#40;2019&#41;</a> have compared the CollaboRATE with other extensive measures in a pediatric outpatient setting and found that parents of children aged 1-5 years preferred the CollaboRATE&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A Swedish validation study from 2016 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> &#61; 121&#41; was conducted among adults attending municipal services&#44; supported housing services&#44; and rehabilitation mental health programs &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">Rosenberg&#44; Schon&#44; Nyholm&#44; Grim&#44; &#38; Svedberg&#44; 2017</a>&#41;&#46; The study found that a modified version of the CollaboRATE displayed good face and content validity&#44; adequate stability over time&#44; and high internal consistency &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">Rosenberg et al&#46;&#44; 2017</a>&#41;&#46; Another recent Swedish study conducted among patients with obstructive sleep apnea &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> &#61; 193&#41; reported that the CollaboRATE showed good evidence of validity and reliability to measure SDM in addition to accessible time completion &#40;less than 30 seconds&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Brostrom&#44; Pakpour&#44; Nilsen&#44; Hedberg&#44; &#38; Ulander&#44; 2019</a>&#41;&#46; A validation study conducted in Argentina among adults &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> &#61; 56&#41; receiving treatment in family medicine and primary care centers &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> &#61; 30&#41;&#44; and specialists &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> &#61; 26&#41; found that the CollaboRATE presented adequate evidences of reliability and criterion validity &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">Ruiz Yanzi et al&#46;&#44; 2019</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although several studies have reported that the CollaboRATE is an appropriate tool for the assessment of SDM in routine practice&#44; more research is required to further explore the appropriateness of the brief CollaboRATE&#46; There is currently no evidence to support the suitability of the questionnaire for the specialized psychiatric care&#46; Furthermore&#44; the CollaboRATE has not yet been validated in Spain&#46; Therefore&#44; the aim of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of CollaboRATE as a measure of the SDM process among outpatients attending specialized in routine mental health care in Spain&#46; The following main hypotheses were stated&#58; The CollaboRATE would yield a good fit in a one-factor solution and a good internal consistency&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Method</span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Participants</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study cross-sectional study was conducted at the Canary Islands Community Mental Health Hospital&#46; In the fourth quarter of 2019&#44; 250 consecutive outpatients were invited to participate anonymously in the study&#44; 191 persons accepted&#44; and 23&#46;60&#37; refused to participate&#46; Each day&#44; a total of 15 randomly selected patients were informed about the study&#46; In order to be selected&#44; possible participants needed to match to following inclusion criteria&#58; &#40;a&#41; be identified by the personnel at the outpatient service&#44; as a person receiving treatment at the center&#59; &#40;b&#41; be 18 years or older&#59; &#40;c&#41; fluency in Spanish&#59; and &#40;d&#41; consent to participate&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Instruments</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The CollaboRATE measure is a three-item patient self-reported questionnaire developed by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">Elwyn et al&#46; &#40;2013&#41;</a> The items assess SDM&#46; Responses to each item range from 0 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">no effort was made</span>&#41; to a maximum of 9 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">every effort was made</span>&#41; for a total of 27&#44; with a higher score indicating a better patient-reported experience with SDM&#46; CollaboRATE scores are calculated as the proportion of participants who report a score of nine on each of the three CollaboRATE questions&#46; A calculation is also based on the percentage of patients who rated all three CollaboRATE questions&#46; Similarly&#44; it is possible to calculate the mean of the three CollaboRATE scores and the mean of the sum of the three items&#44; with higher scores representing better self-reported experiences with SDM&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Control Preferences Scale &#40;CPS&#41;&#44; developed by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Degner&#44; Sloan&#44; and Venkatesh &#40;1997&#41;&#41;</a>&#44; measures the amount of control that patients want to assume in the process of making decisions about the treatment of their diseases was measured using the CPS &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Degner et al&#46;&#44; 1997</a>&#41;&#46; The card-sorting version of the scale was used in this study&#46; It consists of five cards on a board&#59; each card illustrates a different role in decision-making by means of a cartoon and short descriptive statement&#46; In this study&#44; the patients carried out two assessments&#58; prior to the consultation&#44; the examiner asked the patients to choose their preferred card&#59; after being treated by the mental health professional&#44; the examiner asked them to evaluate their experience using a modified version of the scale &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">De Las Cuevas &#38; Pe&#241;ate&#44; 2016</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Procedure</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with an appointment with a psychiatrist at the hospital were invited to participate&#46; A total of three psychiatrists were working at the center during the data collection period&#46; Some of the patients self-reported that they were receiving treatment from a psychologist as well&#46; The patients were identified by the personnel at the outpatient service&#44; who informed them about the study and explained that those who were interested in participating could contact the researcher at the waiting room&#46; Each day&#44; a total of 15 randomly selected patients were informed about the study&#46; All patients interested in participating in the study received full explanations of the study during their stay in the waiting room before the consultation&#46; Those who consented to participate filled out the CollaboRATE and the CPS questionnaires before and after their consultations&#44; together with a brief sociodemographic survey&#46; The study was carried out in accordance with the code of ethics of the Declaration of Helsinki&#44; and all procedures and consent forms were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Canary Islands Health Service&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Statistical analyses</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 for Macintosh &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">IBM&#44; 2017</a>&#41; and using R library psych &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190">R Core Team&#44; 2019&#59; Revelle&#44; 2018</a>&#41; with ULLRToolbox by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Hern&#225;ndez and Betancort &#40;2016&#41;</a>&#46; The participants were described with means&#44; standard deviations&#44; frequencies&#44; and percentages&#46; A Goodman and Kruskal&#39;s gamma coefficient was calculated to analyze the relationship between preferred and experienced roles&#46; Mean item scores for each of the three CollaboRATE items and top scores were calculated&#46; Calculations were also made for the proportion of desired and perceived participation in treatment decisions&#46; Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach&#8217;s &#945;&#44; Guttman&#39;s &#955; and &#969;&#46; Factor analysis was performed using principal component and minimum rank analysis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">Mu&#241;iz &#38; Fonseca-Pedrero&#44; 2019</a>&#41;&#46; The usual level of significance was set to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60; &#46;05&#44; and 95&#37; CIs were described where required to measure variability&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> depicts the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics in addition to the preferences and experiences of participants&#44; all according to the CPS&#46; There were more female participants &#40;63&#46;40&#37;&#41;&#44; and the mean age of all participants was 44&#46;90 &#177; 15&#46;30 years&#46; Only a minority of participants had higher education&#58; 27&#46;70&#37; had a university degree&#46; Patients&#8217; diagnoses were available in 92&#37; of the patients and included depressive disorder as the most prevalent &#40;37&#46;70&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by anxiety disorders &#40;34&#46;60&#37;&#41;&#44; schizophrenia &#40;11&#46;50&#37;&#41;&#44; and bipolar disorders &#40;4&#46;70&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Almost half of the patients &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#61; 87&#44; 45&#46;50&#37;&#41; expressed their preference for the doctor and patient sharing responsibility for the decision about which treatment was best&#44; while 24 &#40;12&#46;60&#37;&#41; preferred to leave all treatment decisions to their doctor&#46; Only three patients &#40;1&#46;60&#37;&#41; preferred to make the final treatment decision themselves&#46; Half of the sample expressed a collaborative attitude &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#61; 99&#44; 51&#46;80&#37;&#41; and self-reported that they shared responsibility with their doctor for deciding which treatment was the best&#46; Next&#44; 52 persons &#40;28&#46;80&#37;&#41; self-reported that their doctor made the final treatment decision after seriously considering their opinion&#46; Overall concordance between preferred and experienced SDM was only 51&#46;30&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; A total of 51 persons &#40;26&#46;70&#37;&#41; self-reported having a more passive role than preferred&#44; and 42 &#40;22&#37;&#41; self-reported having a role that was more active than they preferred&#46; Goodman and Kruskal&#39;s gamma coefficient&#44; which was calculated to analyze the relationship between preferred and experienced roles&#44; exhibited a statistically significance concordance &#40;gamma &#61; &#46;30&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#61; &#46;003&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The CollaboRATE measure was welcomed by participating patients because it took less than 1 minute to complete and had no missing data&#46; As <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> indicates&#44; the mean item scores for each of the three CollaboRATE items ranged from 7&#46;40 &#177; 2&#46;10 to 7&#46;60 &#177; 2&#46;10&#46; The top scores for each of the three items ranged from 47&#46;10&#37; to 51&#46;80&#37;&#44; and 39&#46;80&#37; of psychiatric outpatients gave the best possible score on the three items&#46; Neither socio-demographic &#40;gender&#44; age&#44; educational level&#41; nor clinical variables &#40;diagnosis and time under psychiatric treatment&#41; played a relevant role in patients&#8217; perception of SDM according to CollaboRATE&#44; since no significant differences were confirmed&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Evidence of validity of internal structure of the CollaboRATE</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The performed factor analysis&#44; using principal component analysis&#44; confirmed the unidimensionality of the CollaboRATE measure&#46; The three items perfectly fit a single factor structure that explained 91&#46;10&#37; of variance and factor loadings between 0&#46;94 and &#46;96 &#40;Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy &#61; &#46;79&#59; Bartlett&#39;s Test of Sphericity&#58; Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 578&#44;511&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">df</span> &#61; 3&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60; &#46;001&#59; Principal Component Analysis Communalities&#58; item 1 &#61; &#46;90&#44; item 2 &#61; &#46;93&#44; item 3 &#61; &#46;87&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a> shows the correlation matrix of the factor analysis&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An exploratory factor analysis &#40;EFA&#41; using minimal rank solution was also performed&#46; The solution obtained was compared with and EFA from Pearson correlation matrix following the Ordinary Least Squares &#40;OLS&#41; procedure with solution of minimal residues &#40;Minimal Residual Solution&#41;&#46; Both types of factor solutions had the same weights &#40;CollaboRate01 &#61; &#46;92&#59; CollaboRate02 &#61; &#46;96&#59; CollaboRate03 &#61; &#46;90&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Reliability of the CollaboRATE</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The CollaboRATE measure indicated a high internal consistency &#40;&#945; Cronbach &#61; &#46;95&#44; Guttman&#39;s &#955; &#61; &#46;93&#44; and &#969; &#61; &#46;95&#41;&#44; which suggests that the scale measures only one unique concept&#46; The three items registered high correlations with each other &#40;&#46;84 - &#46;89&#41;&#44; indicating that they are measuring the same construct&#46; CollaboRATE items showed high correlations with the total scale score &#40;&#46;88 - &#46;92&#41;&#46; Corrected homogeneity or discrimination indexes obtained where really high &#40;Item 1 &#61; &#46;89&#59; Item 2 &#61; &#46;91&#59; Item 3 &#61; &#46;88&#41;&#46; No item deletion improved Cronbach&#39;s &#945;&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Item response theory modelling for evaluating questionnaire item and scale properties was applied&#46; A study of the instrument from a polytomous graduated response model &#40;Graded Response Model&#41; was carried out&#46; A significant model evaluated was reached through an ANOVA model comparing the restricted model vs&#46; unrestricted &#91;AIC 1417&#46;70&#59; BIC 1515&#46;20&#44; Loglik -678&#46;83 LRT 6&#46;86&#44; df 2&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60; &#46;032&#93;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> display the test information function showing the goodness of the test when it comes to accurately measuring those of the latent trait for different levels of the attribute&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a> depicts the CollaboRATE total score in each self-reported experience according to the CPS&#46; The evidence of convergent validity&#44; a subtype of internal structure validity&#44; indicated that the more passive the experience according to the CPS&#44; the lower the score obtained in the CollaboRATE measure&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Discussion</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study is the first to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of CollaboRATE as a SDM measure in specialized community mental health hospitals&#46; This study yielded relevant results that supported the evidence of the validity of the CollaboRATE&#46; The measure was welcomed in the community psychiatric care&#59; in which a high percentage of outpatients agreed to complete the scale in a short time&#44; and there were no missing data&#46; The one-factor structure and the evidence of convergent validity demonstrated by strong positive correlations between the CollaboRATE and the CPS supported the evidence of validity of the CollaboRATE&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The high internal consistency reported in the present study is similar to those previously reported by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">Rosenberg et al&#46; &#40;2017&#41;</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Bravo et al&#46; &#40;2018&#41;</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">Hurley et al&#46; &#40;2019&#41;</a>&#44; and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">Ruiz Yanzi et al&#46; &#40;2019&#41;</a>&#46; Our results confirmed the unidimensional construct of the questionnaire&#44; and are consistent with the hypothesized factor reported in the original study &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">Elwyn et al&#46;&#44; 2013</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; contrary to another study from Spain suggesting that SDM may differ depending on gender or medical condition &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Calderon et al&#46;&#44; 2018</a>&#41;&#44; in our sample&#44; neither socio-demographic &#40;gender&#44; age&#44; educational level&#41; nor clinical variables &#40;diagnosis and time under psychiatric treatment&#41; played a relevant role in patients&#8217; perception of SDM according to the CollaboRATE&#46; On the other hand&#44; the evidence of convergent validity of the instrument was proven by the significant differences evidenced in the CollaboRATE scores of the different perceptions of involvement&#44; according to the modified CPS&#46; Even though these results support the evidence of validity of the CollaboRATE&#44; they also clearly indicate that SDM is not yet widely implemented across specialized community mental health hospitals in Spain&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Contrary to other studies &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">Moran-Sanchez&#44; Gomez-Valles&#44; Bernal-Lopez&#44; &#38; Perez-Carceles&#44; 2019</a>&#41;&#44; more than half of the participants preferred an active role&#46; However&#44; less than half of the participants reported the best score possible on the CollaboRATE&#44; and there is a limited concordance between the preferences and experiences of psychiatric outpatients in SDM&#46; These findings are in line with previous studies suggesting that SDM has yet to be comprehensively implemented in Spain &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">Perestelo-Perez et al&#46;&#44; 2011</a>&#41;&#46; This is evidenced by how the Spanish National Health Service still has not incorporated reforms in law that include SDM as a relevant component of mental health care services&#44; or how there still is no standardized practice of interventions to reinforce decisions in routine mental health care &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">Perestelo-Perez et al&#46;&#44; 2011</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Furthermore&#44; SDM in mental healthcare and clinical psychological care delivery might require competent professionals with personal beliefs and preferences to negotiate an agreement with a patient who can make decisions and holds personal beliefs and preferences &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Grim&#44; Rosenberg&#44; Svedberg&#44; &#38; Schon&#44; 2016</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Huang et al&#46;&#44; 2020</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">Rodenburg-Vandenbussche et al&#46;&#44; 2019</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">Simmons&#44; Hetrick&#44; &#38; Jorm&#44; 2010</a>&#41;&#46; Although psychologists and mental health professionals generally support SDM &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Barr&#44; Forcino&#44; Mishra&#44; Blitzer&#44; &#38; Elwyn&#44; 2016</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Chong&#44; Aslani&#44; &#38; Chen&#44; 2013</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Hamann et al&#46;&#44; 2009</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Huang&#44; Plummer&#44; Lam&#44; &#38; Cross&#44; 2020</a>&#41;&#44; they may also consider such approach to be an idealized view that is distant from standard psychiatric practice &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Angell &#38; Bolden&#44; 2015</a>&#41;&#44; as well as condition-dependent or decision topic-dependent &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">Seale&#44; Chaplin&#44; Lelliott&#44; &#38; Quirk&#44; 2006</a>&#41;&#44; and partially non-beneficial under certain circumstances &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Hamann et al&#46;&#44; 2009</a>&#41;&#46; On the other hand&#44; patients in mental healthcare settings might demonstrate a variability in their preference for involvement &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">De las Cuevas &#38; Pe&#241;ate&#44; 2014</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">De las Cuevas&#44; Pe&#241;ate&#44; &#38; de Rivera&#44; 2014</a>&#41;&#44; and when the role preferences are not explored by therapists or clinical psychologists&#44; it is difficult to practice based on concordance with the patient&#8217;s desire of involvement&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The practice of shared decision-making is related to multiple factors and several barriers&#46; The review of the literature has identified time constraints and patients&#8217; decisional incapacity as the main barriers that stand in the way of improving SDM implementation &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115">Hofstede et al&#46;&#44; 2013&#59; Huang et al&#46;&#44; 2020&#59; Simmons et al&#46;&#44; 2010</a>&#41;&#46; In mental healthcare&#44; time is precious and scarce&#44; and the lack of such time has been frequently reported as a significant barrier to SDM &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120">Huang et al&#46;&#44; 2020&#59; Legare &#38; Thompson-Leduc&#44; 2014&#59; Pieterse et al&#46;&#44; 2019</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; the lack of time as a barrier is controversial because there are few studies supporting the claim that it takes too much time &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120">Huang et al&#46;&#44; 2020&#59; Rodenburg-Vandenbussche et al&#46;&#44; 2019</a>&#41;&#46; Anyway&#44; mental health care systems should place a much higher value on and invest in innovations that create time and realize the possibility of time for patient care &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Legare &#38; Thompson-Leduc&#44; 2014</a>&#41;&#46; Although there are studies that suggest that psychiatric patients&#8217; decisional incapacity might be affected &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040">Candia &#38; Barba&#44; 2011&#59; Jeste et al&#46;&#44; 2018</a>&#41;&#44; the majority of the patients are capable of making treatment decisions &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040">Candia &#38; Barba&#44; 2011&#59; Huang et al&#46;&#44; 2020</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; the complexity of SDM is more challenging than the patients&#8217; lack of competency to participate in decisions&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Half of the participants in this study reported that they experienced a lack of effort to help them to understand their health issue and to include in the decision-making process what mattered most for them&#46; These statistics suggest that decision-making is not just about the patient&#8217;s ability or capacity to participate in decisions&#46; The findings suggest that there is the need to reciprocate engagement to facilitate information about health issues&#44; and that effort should be made to involve the patient in treatment planning&#46; As the CollaboRATE is quick to fill out&#44; it is a reliable and valid measure that can be used to routinely monitor&#44; evaluate&#44; and implement the model of SDM in specialized mental health settings&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study invited a random sample of patients to participate&#44; and used comparable questionnaires to collect information regarding patient-reported experiences about involvement in treatment decisions&#44; which strengthened the internal structure validity of the CollaboRATE&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although CollaboRATE has high applicability&#44; the study has some limitations that need to be considered&#46; First&#44; the sample comprised psychiatric outpatients who attended at a single community mental health hospital&#46; Second&#44; this study had a high participation rate&#44; and it is possible that a less motivated population could produce a different variability in the preference for their involvement and their experiences with the process of decision-making&#46; In addition&#44; this study had no clinical information of those who did not want to participate in the study&#44; as well as there is a lack of information regarding possible comorbidities or socioeconomic data&#46; These data could have been beneficial to carry on confounding analysis&#46; Finally&#44; due to the cross-sectional design of the study&#44; it was not possible to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the measure&#44; and such evidence of reliability testing should be the subject of future studies&#46; Future research is also needed to investigate that psychometric property&#46; In addition to test-retest reliability&#44; the responsiveness of the questionnaire should be evaluated&#46; It is also important to further assess the impact that comorbidity&#44; received treatment and socio-demographic levels can have on the construct&#46; Future studies could explore how the therapist characteristics affect the construct&#44; and if the CollaboRate is sensitive to different therapists&#8217; characteristics&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; the present study suggests that the CollaboRATE is a psychometrically robust questionnaire in psychiatric clinical practice&#46; The CollaboRATE measure has proven to be a clinically feasible tool for outpatients to estimate the level of SDM performed by their psychiatrists&#46; It was also found that a significant number of patients are not involved in SDM&#46; The use of this instrument can be crucial in developing knowledge of how best to implement SDM in clinical psychiatric routine care&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Authors contributions</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first and the last author contributed to the design of the study&#46; All authors contributed toward drafting and critically revising the paper&#44; gave final approval of the version to be published&#44; and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflict of Interest</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background&#47;Objective</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CollaboRATE is a 3-item self-report measure of the patient experience of shared decision-making &#40;SDM&#41; process&#46; The objective of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of CollaboRATE in community mental health care&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Method</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A cross-sectional study was conducted at a Community Mental Health Center of the Canary Islands Health Service&#46; Two hundred and fifty consecutive psychiatric outpatients were invited to participate&#46; Of those&#44; 191 accepted &#40;76&#46;40&#37; of response rate&#41; and completed the CollaboRATE&#44; the Control Preferences Scale &#40;CPS&#41;&#44; and a form with sociodemographic and clinical variables&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Exploratory factor analysis ratified the unidimensionality of the measure&#46; High internal consistency was found &#40;&#945; Cronbach &#61; &#46;95&#44; Guttman&#39;s &#955; &#61; &#46;93&#44; and &#969; &#61; &#46;95&#41;&#46; Strong positive correlations &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60; &#46;0001&#41; were found between the CollaboRATE and the CPS&#46; Only 39&#46;80&#37; of respondents gave the best possible score on CollaboRATE&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study provides evidence for the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the CollaboRATE as a measure of SDM&#46; The measure is quick to complete and feasible for use in outpatient mental health care&#46; At present&#44; a significative number of psychiatric outpatients are not involved in SDM&#46; The use of this measure in psychiatric routine care can be a key tool in assessing and implementing SDM&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Antecedentes&#47;Objetivo</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CollaboRATE es un autoinforme de tres &#237;tems que permite al paciente valorar su experiencia en la toma de decisiones compartidas &#40;TDC&#41; sobre su tratamiento&#46; El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicom&#233;tricas de CollaboRATE en la atenci&#243;n comunitaria de salud mental&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio transversal en una Unidad de Salud Mental del Servicio Canario de la Salud&#46; Doscientos cincuenta pacientes psiqui&#225;tricos ambulatorios consecutivos fueron invitados a participar y 191 aceptaron &#40;76&#44;40&#37;&#41;&#46; Los pacientes completaron el CollaboRATE&#44; la Escala de Preferencias de Control &#40;EPC&#41;&#44; y un formulario con variables sociodemogr&#225;ficas y cl&#237;nicas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El an&#225;lisis factorial exploratorio ratific&#243; la unidimensionalidad de la medida&#46; Se encontr&#243; una alta consistencia interna &#40;&#945; Cronbach &#61; 0&#44;95&#59; Guttman&#39;s &#955; &#61; 0&#44;93&#59; y &#969; &#61; 0&#44;95&#41;&#46; Se registraron significativas correlaciones positivas &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60; 0&#44;0001&#41; entre CollaboRATE y el EPC&#46; Solo el 39&#44;80&#37; de los encuestados dieron la mejor puntuaci&#243;n posible en CollaboRATE&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La versi&#243;n en espa&#241;ol de CollaboRATE es una medida fiable y v&#225;lida de TDC&#44; r&#225;pida de completar y factible para su uso en Psiquiatr&#237;a comunitaria&#46; En la actualidad&#44; pocos pacientes psiqui&#225;tricos son involucrados en TDC&#46; CollaboRATE puede ser una herramienta clave para evaluar e implementar la TDC en la atenci&#243;n psiqui&#225;trica ambulatoria&#46;</p></span>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Global&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Female&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">121 &#40;63&#46;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mean age &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44&#46;90 &#40;15&#46;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Education level&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;Primary studiesSecondary studiesUniversity degree&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;23&#46;60&#41;93 &#40;48&#46;70&#41;53 &#40;27&#46;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Time as psychiatric patient &#40;months&#41;&#44; mean &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85&#46;90 &#40;109&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Diagnosis&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;SchizophreniaBipolar disorderDepressive disorderAnxiety disorderPersonality disorder&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;11&#46;50&#41;9 &#40;4&#46;70&#41;72 &#40;37&#46;70&#41;66 &#40;34&#46;60&#41;7 &#40;3&#46;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Preferred role according to CPS&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;I prefer to make the final treatment decisionI prefer to make the final treatment decision after seriously considering my doctor&#8217;s opinionI prefer that my doctor and I share responsibility for deciding which treatment is bestI prefer that my doctor makes the final treatment decision&#44; but seriously considers my opinionI prefer to leave all treatment decisions to my doctor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;1&#46;60&#41;19 &#40;9&#46;90&#41;87 &#40;45&#46;50&#41;58 &#40;30&#46;40&#41;24 &#40;12&#46;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Experienced role according to modified CPS&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;I made the final treatment decisionI made the final treatment decision after seriously considering my doctor&#8217;s opinionMy doctor and I shared responsibility for deciding which treatment was bestMy doctor made the final treatment decision&#44; but seriously considered my opinionMy doctor made all treatment decisions&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;8 &#40;4&#46;20&#41;99 &#40;51&#46;80&#41;55 &#40;28&#46;80&#41;29 &#40;15&#46;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">I made the final treatment decision&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">I made the final treatment decision after seriously considering my doctor&#8217;s opinion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">My doctor and I shared responsibility for deciding which treatment was best&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">My doctor made the final treatment decision&#44; but seriously considered my opinion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">My doctor made all treatment decisions&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I prefer to make the final treatment decision&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;30&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">66&#46;60&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I prefer to make the final treatment decision after seriously considering my doctor&#8217;s opinion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#46;30&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&#46;10&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;80&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;80&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I prefer that my doctor and I share responsibility for deciding which treatment is best&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">67&#46;80&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#46;70&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;50&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I prefer that my doctor makes the final treatment decision&#44; but that they seriously consider my opinion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;20&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39&#46;70&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44&#46;80&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#46;30&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I prefer to leave all treatment decisions to my doctor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;30&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;30&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;30&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CollaboRATE items</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean &#177; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Top score&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Item 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">How much effort was made to help you understand your health issues&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;50 &#177; 2&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&#46;80&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Item 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">How much effort was made to listen to the things that matter most to you about your health issues&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;60 &#177; 2&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53&#46;90&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Item 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">How much effort was made to include what matters most to you in choosing what to do next&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;40 &#177; 2&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47&#46;10&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CollaboRATE Total Score</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#46;60 &#177; 6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39&#46;80&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CollaboRATE scores by item and total score&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Item 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Item 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Item 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Item 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;88<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;84<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Item 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;88<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;87<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Item 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;84<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;87<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                0 => "xTab2381251.png"
              ]
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            0 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "&#42;&#42;&#42;"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60; &#46;001</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation matrix of exploratory factor analysis of CollaboRATE items&#46;</p>"
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      5 => array:8 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Note&#46; df</span>&#58; degrees of freedom</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Experienced Control&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ANOVA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I made the final treatment decision&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#46;90 &#177; 2&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="middle"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">F</span> &#61; 111&#46;22<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">df</span> 3&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60; &#46;001Eta &#61; &#46;80Eta Squared &#61; &#46;64</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">My doctor and I shared responsibility&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#46;20 &#177; 2&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">My doctor made the final treatment decision&#44; but seriously considered my opinion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&#46;30 &#177; 4&#46;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">My doctor made all treatment decisions&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;40 &#177; 5&#46;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">191&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#46;60 &#177; 6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Article information

ISSN: 16972600
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.06.004

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Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	3	2	5
2024 October	43	19	62
2024 September	33	16	49
2024 August	24	12	36
2024 July	41	21	62
2024 June	16	10	26
2024 May	29	17	46
2024 April	62	28	90
2024 March	63	22	85
2024 February	36	11	47
2024 January	25	15	40
2023 December	31	17	48
2023 November	37	26	63
2023 October	29	10	39
2023 September	20	11	31
2023 August	13	22	35
2023 July	33	32	65
2023 June	32	17	49
2023 May	98	24	122
2023 April	86	12	98
2023 March	55	21	76
2023 February	40	11	51
2023 January	43	34	77
2022 December	62	29	91
2022 November	29	26	55
2022 October	27	40	67
2022 September	23	31	54
2022 August	22	25	47
2022 July	21	25	46
2022 June	24	16	40
2022 May	17	25	42
2022 April	23	25	48
2022 March	27	27	54
2022 February	47	29	76
2022 January	48	33	81
2021 December	21	35	56
2021 November	17	35	52
2021 October	59	41	100
2021 September	50	26	76
2021 August	28	19	47
2021 July	17	23	40
2021 June	21	18	39
2021 May	29	26	55
2021 April	55	36	91
2021 March	15	27	42
2021 February	21	18	39
2021 January	32	27	59
2020 December	54	34	88
2020 November	39	19	58
2020 October	41	31	72
2020 September	36	36	72
2020 August	9	21	30

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