Periodization Problems in the Economic History of Science and Technology
Problemas de Periodización en la Historia Económica de la Ciencia y la Tecnología
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
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Since this has not always been so, it has become necessary to define and to justify the time from which we may conceive an economic history of science and technology. This problem is easier to solve in relation to the latter than with regard to the former: the relationships between the scientific and the economic systems of any society are not only much more recent than those of the economy with its underlying techniques, but they are also predominantly indirect, usually mediated by or linked to some form of technological development. Technology acquired a scientific basis with the Second Industrial Revolution, whose nature however can only be understood when contrasted with that of the First one as well as with the processes of the professionalization of research and of the transition from natural philosophy and natural history to the contemporary scientific disciplines, both of which took place from the mid-eighteenth century onwards.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Actualmente no hay dudas sobre las interrelaciones y la mutua dependencia entre el progreso científico y técnico de un lado y el desarrollo económico del otro. Como esto no siempre fue así, se torna necesario definir y justificar las épocas a partir de las cuales podemos concebir una historia económica de la ciencia y la tecnología. Este problema se resuelve más fácilmente con respecto a la segunda que en relación a la primera: los nexos entre los sistemas científico y económico de cualquier sociedad no sólo son mucho más recientes que los de la economía con sus técnicas subyacentes, sino que también suelen ser predominantemente indirectos, usualmente mediados o vinculados a algún tipo de desarrollo tecnológico. La tecnología adquirió una base científica con la Segunda Revolución Industrial, cuya naturaleza todavía solamente puede ser entendida en confrontación con la de la Primera, así como con los procesos de profesionalización de la investigación y de transición de la filosofía y la historia natural hacia las disciplinas científicas contemporáneas, procesos ambos que fueron ocurriendo desde mediados del siglo XVIII.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Tamás Szmrecsányi falleció el pasado 16 de febrero mientras el presente artículo estaba siendo evaluado por IHE. Se publica simultáneamente este artículo en la Revista Brasileira de História da Ciência, volumen 2, número 1, páginas 6-22, como homenaje a uno de los investigadores claves de la Historia Económica. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2024 October | 14 | 13 | 27 |
| 2024 September | 11 | 8 | 19 |
| 2024 August | 15 | 11 | 26 |
| 2024 July | 12 | 9 | 21 |
| 2024 June | 11 | 7 | 18 |
| 2024 May | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2024 April | 11 | 3 | 14 |
| 2024 March | 12 | 11 | 23 |
| 2024 February | 2 | 9 | 11 |
| 2024 January | 6 | 4 | 10 |
| 2023 December | 5 | 19 | 24 |
| 2023 November | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| 2023 October | 5 | 20 | 25 |
| 2023 September | 6 | 8 | 14 |
| 2023 August | 10 | 8 | 18 |
| 2023 July | 3 | 6 | 9 |
| 2023 June | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2023 May | 15 | 8 | 23 |
| 2023 April | 4 | 6 | 10 |
| 2023 March | 7 | 6 | 13 |
| 2023 February | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2023 January | 5 | 4 | 9 |
| 2022 December | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2022 November | 12 | 13 | 25 |
| 2022 October | 13 | 7 | 20 |
| 2022 September | 9 | 9 | 18 |
| 2022 August | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2022 July | 12 | 9 | 21 |
| 2022 June | 17 | 10 | 27 |
| 2022 May | 10 | 26 | 36 |
| 2022 April | 9 | 18 | 27 |
| 2022 March | 18 | 19 | 37 |
| 2022 February | 15 | 7 | 22 |
| 2022 January | 15 | 13 | 28 |
| 2021 December | 16 | 18 | 34 |
| 2021 November | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| 2021 October | 21 | 23 | 44 |
| 2021 September | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2021 August | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2021 July | 10 | 7 | 17 |
| 2021 June | 10 | 7 | 17 |
| 2021 May | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| 2021 April | 23 | 20 | 43 |
| 2021 March | 6 | 11 | 17 |
| 2021 February | 11 | 24 | 35 |
| 2021 January | 4 | 9 | 13 |
| 2020 December | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| 2020 November | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| 2020 October | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| 2020 September | 5 | 9 | 14 |
| 2020 August | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 2020 July | 7 | 16 | 23 |
| 2020 June | 6 | 8 | 14 |
| 2020 May | 3 | 8 | 11 |
| 2020 April | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 2020 March | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2018 April | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2018 March | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 February | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 2018 January | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2017 December | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 2017 November | 6 | 1 | 7 |
| 2017 October | 5 | 8 | 13 |
| 2017 September | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| 2017 August | 10 | 6 | 16 |
| 2017 July | 8 | 5 | 13 |
| 2017 June | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2017 May | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2017 April | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2017 March | 12 | 12 | 24 |
| 2017 February | 11 | 5 | 16 |
| 2017 January | 11 | 2 | 13 |
| 2016 December | 25 | 5 | 30 |
| 2016 November | 18 | 2 | 20 |
| 2016 October | 23 | 7 | 30 |
| 2016 September | 12 | 8 | 20 |
| 2016 August | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2016 July | 10 | 3 | 13 |
| 2016 June | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| 2016 May | 8 | 9 | 17 |
| 2016 April | 7 | 28 | 35 |
| 2016 March | 5 | 13 | 18 |
| 2016 February | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 2016 January | 5 | 11 | 16 |
| 2015 December | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| 2015 November | 7 | 11 | 18 |
| 2015 October | 10 | 7 | 17 |
| 2015 September | 15 | 3 | 18 |
| 2015 August | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 2015 July | 11 | 4 | 15 |
| 2015 June | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2015 May | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2015 April | 9 | 3 | 12 |
| 2015 March | 5 | 4 | 9 |
| 2015 February | 7 | 6 | 13 |
| 2015 January | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2014 December | 10 | 9 | 19 |
| 2014 November | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2014 October | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 2014 September | 11 | 0 | 11 |
| 2014 August | 11 | 3 | 14 |
| 2014 July | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2014 June | 11 | 1 | 12 |
| 2014 May | 12 | 3 | 15 |
| 2014 April | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| 2014 March | 74 | 24 | 98 |
| 2014 February | 56 | 11 | 67 |
| 2014 January | 56 | 16 | 72 |
| 2013 December | 52 | 22 | 74 |
| 2013 November | 63 | 17 | 80 |
| 2013 October | 62 | 17 | 79 |
| 2013 September | 57 | 24 | 81 |
| 2013 August | 84 | 27 | 111 |
| 2013 July | 87 | 23 | 110 |
| 2013 June | 86 | 28 | 114 |
| 2013 May | 63 | 16 | 79 |
| 2013 April | 66 | 24 | 90 |
| 2013 March | 66 | 14 | 80 |
| 2013 February | 55 | 18 | 73 |
| 2013 January | 15 | 11 | 26 |
| 2012 December | 20 | 20 | 40 |
| 2012 November | 4 | 13 | 17 |
| 2012 October | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2012 September | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2012 January | 36 | 0 | 36 |
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