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Vol. 5. Núm. 15.
Páginas 47-73 (enero 2009)
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Vol. 5. Núm. 15.
Páginas 47-73 (enero 2009)
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Periodization Problems in the Economic History of Science and Technology
Problemas de Periodización en la Historia Económica de la Ciencia y la Tecnología
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Tamás Szmrecsányi, (In memoriam) *
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
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Abstract

Nowadays there is no doubt about the interrelation between and mutual dependence of scientific and technical progress on the one hand and economic development on the other. Since this has not always been so, it has become necessary to define and to justify the time from which we may conceive an economic history of science and technology. This problem is easier to solve in relation to the latter than with regard to the former: the relationships between the scientific and the economic systems of any society are not only much more recent than those of the economy with its underlying techniques, but they are also predominantly indirect, usually mediated by or linked to some form of technological development. Technology acquired a scientific basis with the Second Industrial Revolution, whose nature however can only be understood when contrasted with that of the First one as well as with the processes of the professionalization of research and of the transition from natural philosophy and natural history to the contemporary scientific disciplines, both of which took place from the mid-eighteenth century onwards.

Key words:
Economic History
Science
Technology
Economic Development
Resumen

Actualmente no hay dudas sobre las interrelaciones y la mutua dependencia entre el progreso científico y técnico de un lado y el desarrollo económico del otro. Como esto no siempre fue así, se torna necesario definir y justificar las épocas a partir de las cuales podemos concebir una historia económica de la ciencia y la tecnología. Este problema se resuelve más fácilmente con respecto a la segunda que en relación a la primera: los nexos entre los sistemas científico y económico de cualquier sociedad no sólo son mucho más recientes que los de la economía con sus técnicas subyacentes, sino que también suelen ser predominantemente indirectos, usualmente mediados o vinculados a algún tipo de desarrollo tecnológico. La tecnología adquirió una base científica con la Segunda Revolución Industrial, cuya naturaleza todavía solamente puede ser entendida en confrontación con la de la Primera, así como con los procesos de profesionalización de la investigación y de transición de la filosofía y la historia natural hacia las disciplinas científicas contemporáneas, procesos ambos que fueron ocurriendo desde mediados del siglo XVIII.

Palabras clave:
Historia Económica
Ciencia
Tecnología
Desarrollo Económico
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Tamás Szmrecsányi falleció el pasado 16 de febrero mientras el presente artículo estaba siendo evaluado por IHE. Se publica simultáneamente este artículo en la Revista Brasileira de História da Ciência, volumen 2, número 1, páginas 6-22, como homenaje a uno de los investigadores claves de la Historia Económica. El proceso de evaluación ha sido realizado por IHE.

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