covid
Buscar en
Investigaciones de Historia Económica - Economic History Research
Toda la web
Inicio Investigaciones de Historia Económica - Economic History Research Periodization Problems in the Economic History of Science and Technology
Información de la revista
Vol. 5. Núm. 15.
Páginas 47-73 (enero 2009)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 5. Núm. 15.
Páginas 47-73 (enero 2009)
Acceso a texto completo
Periodization Problems in the Economic History of Science and Technology
Problemas de Periodización en la Historia Económica de la Ciencia y la Tecnología
Visitas
3046
Tamás Szmrecsányi, (In memoriam) *
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Abstract

Nowadays there is no doubt about the interrelation between and mutual dependence of scientific and technical progress on the one hand and economic development on the other. Since this has not always been so, it has become necessary to define and to justify the time from which we may conceive an economic history of science and technology. This problem is easier to solve in relation to the latter than with regard to the former: the relationships between the scientific and the economic systems of any society are not only much more recent than those of the economy with its underlying techniques, but they are also predominantly indirect, usually mediated by or linked to some form of technological development. Technology acquired a scientific basis with the Second Industrial Revolution, whose nature however can only be understood when contrasted with that of the First one as well as with the processes of the professionalization of research and of the transition from natural philosophy and natural history to the contemporary scientific disciplines, both of which took place from the mid-eighteenth century onwards.

Key words:
Economic History
Science
Technology
Economic Development
Resumen

Actualmente no hay dudas sobre las interrelaciones y la mutua dependencia entre el progreso científico y técnico de un lado y el desarrollo económico del otro. Como esto no siempre fue así, se torna necesario definir y justificar las épocas a partir de las cuales podemos concebir una historia económica de la ciencia y la tecnología. Este problema se resuelve más fácilmente con respecto a la segunda que en relación a la primera: los nexos entre los sistemas científico y económico de cualquier sociedad no sólo son mucho más recientes que los de la economía con sus técnicas subyacentes, sino que también suelen ser predominantemente indirectos, usualmente mediados o vinculados a algún tipo de desarrollo tecnológico. La tecnología adquirió una base científica con la Segunda Revolución Industrial, cuya naturaleza todavía solamente puede ser entendida en confrontación con la de la Primera, así como con los procesos de profesionalización de la investigación y de transición de la filosofía y la historia natural hacia las disciplinas científicas contemporáneas, procesos ambos que fueron ocurriendo desde mediados del siglo XVIII.

Palabras clave:
Historia Económica
Ciencia
Tecnología
Desarrollo Económico
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
References
[Brockliss, 2003]
Laurence. Brockliss.
Science the Universities and Other Public Spaces: teaching science in Europe and the Americas.
pp. 44-86
[Butterfield, 1949]
Herbert. Butterfield.
The Origins of Modern Science 1300–1800.
Bell, (1949),
[Cahan, 2003]
David. Cahan.
Looking at Nineteenth-Century Science: an introduction.
From Natural Philosophy to the Sciences: writing the history of nineteenth-century science, University of Chicago Press, (2003),
[Cahan, 2003a]
David. Cahan.
Institutions and Communities.
From Natural Philosophy to the Sciences: writing the history of nineteenth-century science, University of Chicago Press, (2003),
[Clark, 1970]
George Norman. Clark.
Social and Economic Aspects of Science.
chapter II of Science and Social Welfare in the Age of Newton, reprint of the 1949 second edition, Oxford University Press, (1970),
[Crosland, 1975]
Maurice. Crosland.
The development of a professional career in science in France.
Minerva, 13 (1975), pp. 38-57
[Crosland, 1977]
Maurice. Crosland.
History of science in a national context.
British Journal for the History of Science, 10 (1977), pp. 95-113
[Crosland, 2007]
Maurice. Crosland.
The financial support of men of science in France c. 1600-c. 1800: a survey.
History of Science, XLV (2007), pp. 327-355
[Cunningham, 1988]
Andrew. Cunningham.
Getting the Game Right: some plain words on the identity and invention of science.
Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 19 (1988), pp. 365-389
[Cunningham, 1991]
Andrew. Cunningham.
How the Principia got its name, or taking natural philosophy seriously.
History of Science, XXIX (1991), pp. 377-392
[Cunningham and Williams, 1993]
Andrew. Cunningham, Perry. Willams.
Decentring the ‘Big Picture’: The Origins of Modern Science and the modern origins of science.
British Journal for the History of Science, 26 (1993), pp. 407-432
[Daniels, 1967]
George H. Daniels.
The Process of Professionalization in American Science: the emergent period, 1820–1860.
Isis, 58 (1967), pp. 151-166
[Dupree, 1986]
A. Hunter. Dupree.
Science in the Federal Government: a history of policies and activities.
Johns Hopkins University Press, (1986),
[Fuller, 2000]
Steve. Fuller.
Internalism versus Externalism.
Reader's Guide to the History of Science, pp. 380-381
[Gabbey, 1990]
Alan. Gabbey, et al.
Newton and Natural Philosophy.
Companion to the History of Modern Science, pp. 243-263
[Gascoigne, 1995]
John. Gascoigne.
The Eighteenth-Century Scientific Community: a prosopographical study.
Social Studies of Science, 25 (1995), pp. 575-581
[Gille, 1975]
Bertrand. Gille.
Progrès Scientifique. Progrès Technique et Progrès Economique.
Fourth International Congress of Economic History, Bloomington 1968, Mouton, (1975),
[Gillespie, 1957]
Charles. Gillespie.
The Discovery of the Leblanc Process.
Isis, 48 (1957), pp. 152-170
[Gillespie, 1957a]
Charles. Gillespie.
The Natural History of Industry.
Isis, 48 (1957), pp. 398-407
[Gillespie, 1965]
Charles. Gillespie.
Science and Technology.
pp. 118-145
[Gillespie, 1983]
Charles. Gillespie.
The Flourishing of French Science second part of the Author's The Professionalization of Science: France 1770–1830 compared to the United States 1910–1970.
Doshisha University Press, (1983),
[Hahn, 1975]
Roger. Hahn.
Scientific Research as an Occupation in Eighteenth Century Paris.
Minerva, 13 (1975), pp. 501-513
[Hall, 1974]
A. Rupert. Hall.
What did the Industrial Revolution in Britain owe to Science?.
Historical Perspectives: studies in English thought and society in honour of J. H. Plumb, pp. 129-151
[Hall, 1983]
A. Rupert Hall.
The Revolution in Science 1500-1750.
Longmans, (1983),
[Hans, 1951]
Nicholas. Hans.
New Trends in Education in the Eighteenth Century.
Routledge, (1951),
[Hobsbawm, 1962]
Eric J. Hobsbawm.
The Age of Revolution 1789-1848.
New American Library, (1962),
[Homburg, 1999]
Ernst. Homburg.
The Rise of Analytical Chemistry and its Consequences for the German Chemical Profession (1780–1860).
Ambix, 46 (1999), pp. 1-32
[Inkster, 1991]
Ian. Inkster.
Mental Capital: transfers of knowledge in eighteenth century.
Science and Technology in History: an approach to Industrial development, Basing-stoke, (1991),
[Jacob, 1997]
Margaret C. Jacob.
Scientific Culture and the Making of the Industrial West.
Oxford University Press, (1997),
[Lundgreen, 1990]
Peter. Lundgreen.
Engineering Education in Europe and the USA, 1750-1930: the rise to dominance of school culture and the engineering profession.
Annals of Science, 47 (1990), pp. 33-75
[Mckie, 1965]
Douglas. Mckie.
Science and Technology.
pp. 115-142
[Mendelsohn, 1964]
Everett. Mendelsohn.
The Emergence of Science as a Profession in Nineteenth- Century Europe.
The Management of Scientists, pp. 3-48
[Mokyr, 2002]
Joel. Mokyr.
The gifts of Athena: historical origins of the knowledge economy.
Princeton University Press, (2002),
[Musson and Robinson, 1960]
A.E. Musson, Eric. Robinson.
Science and Industry in the Eighteenth Century.
Economic History Review, 13 (1960), pp. 222-244
[Musson and Robinson, 1969]
A.E. Musson, Eric. Robinson.
Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution.
Manchester University Press, (1969),
[O’Brien, 1991]
Patrick. O’Brien.
The mainsprings of technological progress in Western Europe 1750–1850.
Innovation and Technology in Europe from the eighteenth century to the present day, pp. 6-17
[Porter, 1990]
Roy. Porter, et al.
The history of science and the history of society.
Companion to the history of Modern Science, pp. 32-46
[Ross, 1962]
Sydney. Ross.
Scientist: the story of a word.
Annals of Science, 18 (1962), pp. 65-85
[Schaffer, 1986]
Simon. Schaffer.
Scientific Discoveries and the End of Natural Philosophy.
Social Studies of Science, 16 (1986), pp. 387-420
[Schechner, 2001]
Sara. Schechner.
Science in the United States during the Colonial Period (to 1789).
The History of Science in the United States, an Encyclopedia, pp. 494-500
[Schofield, 1957]
Robert E. Schofield.
The Industrial Orientation of Science in the Lunar Society of Birmingham.
Isis, 48 (1957), pp. 408-415
[Schofield, 1959]
Robert E. Schofield.
Josiah Wedgewood, industrial chemist.
Chymia, 5 (1959), pp. 180-192
[Schofield, 1967]
Robert E. Schofield.
Joseph Priestley, natural philosopher.
[Sloan, 1990]
Philip R. Sloan, et al.
Natural History 1670-1802.
Companion to the History of Modern Science, pp. 295-313
[Smith, 1937]
Adam. Smith.
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.
Modern Library, (1937),
[Struik, 1991]
Dirk J. Struik.
Yankee Science in the Making: science and engineering in New England from Colonial times to the Civil War.
Dover, (1991),
[Szmrecsányi, 2000]
Tamás. Szmrecsányi.
Por uma História Econômica da Ciência e da Tecnologia.
Economia Aplicada (São Paulo), 4 (2000), pp. 399-407
[Szmrecsányi, 2003]
Szmrecsányi, Tamás (2003): Artigos sobre Ciência e Tecnologia entre a Primeira Revolução Industrial e a Segunda Guerra Mundial publicados por duas revistas de História Econômica, Revista de História Econômica e Social (Lisboa) n° 6, 2° semestre, pp. 125-138.
[Thackray, 1970]
Arnold. Thackray.
Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution.
History of Science, 9 (1970), pp. 76-99
[Thackray, 1974]
Arnold. Thackray.
Natural Knowledge in Cultural Context: the Manchester Mode.
American Historical Review, 79 (1974), pp. 672-709
[Wengenroth, 2003]
Ulrich. Wengenroth.
Science Technology and Industry.
From Natural Philosophy to the Sciences: writing the history of nineteenth- century science, pp. 221-253
[Williams, 1983]
Raymond. Williams, the Author's.
Science.
Keywords: a Vocabulary of Culture and Society, revised edition, Oxford University Press, (1983),

Tamás Szmrecsányi falleció el pasado 16 de febrero mientras el presente artículo estaba siendo evaluado por IHE. Se publica simultáneamente este artículo en la Revista Brasileira de História da Ciência, volumen 2, número 1, páginas 6-22, como homenaje a uno de los investigadores claves de la Historia Económica. El proceso de evaluación ha sido realizado por IHE.

Copyright © 2009. Asociación Española de Historia Económica
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos