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Inicio Journal of Healthcare Quality Research Impacto de un programa multicomponente con terapias no farmacológicas para paci...
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Vol. 39. Issue 2.
Pages 109-119 (March - April 2024)
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Vol. 39. Issue 2.
Pages 109-119 (March - April 2024)
Original
Impacto de un programa multicomponente con terapias no farmacológicas para pacientes con dolor crónico
Impact of a multicomponent program with nonpharmacological therapies for patients with chronic pain
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M.V. Ruiz Romera, A. Porrúa del Sazb, M.B. Gómez Hernándezc,
Corresponding author
gotxuta@hotmail.com

Autora para correspondencia.
, E. Lobato Parraa, A. Soler Jiménezd, C. Pereira Delgadoe
a Unidad de Calidad e Investigación, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe (HSJDA), Bormujos (Sevilla), España
b Servicio de Rehabilitación, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe (HSJDA), Bormujos (Sevilla), España
c Fisioterapia. Servicio de Rehabilitación, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe (HSJDA), Bormujos (Sevilla), España
d Especialista interno residente de Cirugía Traumatológica y Ortopédica, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe (HSJDA), Bormujos (Sevilla), España
e Unidad de Medicina Interna, Servicio de Medicina, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe (HSJDA), Bormujos (Sevilla), España
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Tables (5)
Tabla 1. Características de la muestra
Tabla 2. Localización del dolor y enfermedad que lo provoca
Tabla 3. Principales resultados. Escalas de medida
Tabla 4. Autovaloración del impacto del taller. Resultados aportados por los pacientes (PROM)
Tabla 5. Impacto en consumo de recursos
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Resumen
Introducción

El 25,9% de los españoles padece dolor crónico. Se recomienda un enfoque integral, interdisciplinar, con terapias farmacológicas y no farmacológicas, participando los pacientes en su autocuidado.

Objetivo

evaluar la efectividad y el impacto en recursos de un programa/taller con terapias no farmacológicas en el control del dolor crónico no-oncológico a corto y medio plazo.

Material y métodos

Estudio cuasiexperimental antes-después, seguimiento 3-6 meses, midiendo: dolor, bienestar, calidad de vida, autoestima, resiliencia, ansiedad/depresión (escalas validadas); resultados aportados por los pacientes del impacto del programa en manejo del dolor, hábitos y ánimo; visitas a urgencias y consultas; consumo de fármacos y situación laboral.

Resultados

Finalizaron el taller 142 pacientes; 131 (92,3%) eran mujeres, edad: 56,0. Disminuyeron: dolor (escala 0-10) (inicio: 6,0; fin taller: 4,0; 3 meses: 5,0); ansiedad (12,9; 10,4; 8,8) y depresión (12,3; 7,23; 6,47) (escalas 0-21). Aumentaron: bienestar (escala 0-10) (4,0; 6,0; 4,0); calidad de vida (escala 0-1) (0,418; 0,580; 0,536); estado de salud (escala 0-100) (47,5; 60,0; 60,0); autoestima (escala 9-36) (24,1; 27,5; 26,7); resiliencia (escala 6-30) (14,8; 17,4; 18,6). Realizan aportación de resultados 136 pacientes al finalizar el taller y 79 a los 3 meses: disminuyeron el dolor (final taller: 104, 76,5%; 3 meses: 66, 83,5%); disminuyeron medicación (96, 76,2%; 60, 78,9%); mejoraron hábitos (112, 88,2%; 69, 90,8%). Redujeron visitas a urgencias 40 pacientes (37,4%), 40 (37,4%) disminuyeron las consultas programadas. Satisfacción global: 9,8 sobre 10.

Conclusiones

El paciente aprende a mitigar su dolor, participa en su autocuidado y mejora su calidad de vida, autoestima y estado emocional. Los efectos se mantienen 3-6 meses.

Palabras clave:
Dolor crónico
Terapias no farmacológicas
Taller multicomponente
Calidad de vida
Uso de recursos sanitarios
Efectividad
Abstract
Introduction

25.9% of Spanish people suffer from chronic pain. An integrated, interdisciplinary approach is recommended, with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, involving patients in their self-care.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness and impact on resources of a program with non-pharmacological therapies in the control of non-oncological chronic pain in the short and medium term.

Material and methods

Quasi-experimental before-after study, follow-up 3-6 months, measuring: pain, well-being, quality of life, self-esteem, resilience, anxiety/depression (validated scales); patient-reported outcomes of workshop impact on pain management, habits and mood; ED and office visits; drug consumption and employment status.

Results

One hundred and forty-two patients completed the program; 131 (92.3%) were women, age: 56.0. Decreased: pain (scale 0-10) (start: 6.0; end of workshop: 4.0; 3 months: 5.0); anxiety (12.9; 10.4; 8.8) and depression (12.3; 7.23; 6.47) (scales 0-21). They increased: well-being (scale 0-10) (4.0; 6.0; 4.0); quality of life (scale 0-1) (0.418; 0.580; 0.536); health status (scale 0-100) (47.5; 60.0; 60.0); self-esteem (scale 9-36) (24.1; 27.5; 26.7); resilience (scale 6-30) (14.8; 17.4; 18.6). Patient-reported outcomes were performed by 136 patients at the end of the workshop and 79 at 3 months: pain decreased (end of program: 104, 76.5%; 3 months: 66, 83.5%); medication decreased (96, 76.2%; 60, 78.9%); habits improved (112, 88.2%; 69, 90.8%). Forty patients (37.4%) reduced visits to the emergency room, 40 (37.4%) reduced scheduled visits. Overall satisfaction: 9.8 out of 10.

Conclusions

Patients learn to mitigate their pain, participate in their self-care and improve their quality of life, self-esteem and emotional state. The effects remained for 3-6 months.

Keywords:
Chronic pain
Non-pharmacological therapies
Multicomponent program
Quality of life
Use of health resources
Effectiveness

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