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Comparison of potential CO2 reduction and marginal abatement costs across in the China and Korea manufacturing industries
Yingmei Jina,
Corresponding author
ymkim9989@qq.com

Corresponding author.
, Bin Chenb
a School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
b School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0001" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0003">Introduction</span><p id="para0001" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">China relied on a cheap labor force at the beginning of its economic reform and opening-up period&#44; which began in the late 1970s&#44; and has been under pressure from the international community to reduce its carbon dioxide &#40;CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; emissions&#46; The 2019 novel coronavirus has had a significant impact on global carbon emissions&#46; In the past year&#44; the global economy has faced unprecedented challenges&#44; including environmental protection and energy supply&#46;</p><p id="para0002" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the 14<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> Five-Year Plan &#40;2021&#8211;2025&#41;&#44; improvements in industry and manufacturing quality in China are emphasized&#44; along with autonomy&#44; safety&#44; stability&#44; competitiveness&#44; and efficiency&#44; as well as modernization of the industrial chain &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0001">Table&#160;1</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#cit_1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0001"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="para0004" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Korean manufacturing sector is gradually reducing its dependence on foreign trade&#46; Last year&#44; the Ministry of Industry&#44; Trade&#44; and Energy of Korea announced the &#34;Blueprint for the Future of the Era of Manufacturing Revival&#46;&#34; The President of Korea stated that the government&#39;s goal was to ensure that the manufacturing industry of Korea was among the top four in the world by 2030&#46; The pursuit of quantity dictated by the current industrial model is to be replaced by greater focus on the value-added ratio&#59; the goal is to increase the current value-added ratio from 25&#37; to 30&#37; by 2030&#46;</p><p id="para0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With the increased prominence of the concept of green growth in recent years&#44; attention has focused on the problem of global warming&#46; While there may be a conflict between economic growth and environmental conservation &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; as the economy grows&#44; environmental pollution inevitably increases&#41;&#44; some view economic growth and environmental protection as being in a complementary relationship&#44; such that once economic growth achieves a certain level&#44; economic growth will help alleviate environmental problems&#46; China&#39;s CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions currently stand at 9&#44;899 million tons&#59; this accounts for 30&#46;7&#37; of global emissions&#44; which is the largest proportion of any country&#46; Korea&#39;s CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions currently stand at 578 million tons &#40;1&#46;8&#37; of global emissions&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0001">Fig&#46;&#160;1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0001"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="para0006" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Environmental concerns are among the main factors driving the move toward sustainable development &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0014">Mendez-Picazo&#44;&#160;Galindo-Mart&#237;n&#44; &#38; Casta&#241;o-Mart&#237;nez&#44; 2021</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0016">Romero-Castro&#44;&#160;L&#243;pez-Cabarcos&#44; &#38; Pi&#241;eiro-Chousa&#44;2022</a>&#41;&#46; In the present study&#44; China&#39;s standard industrial classification system &#40;20 types of industry&#41; was applied to Korea&#39;s manufacturing sector&#44; and the two countries were then compared in terms of technical efficiency &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TE</span>&#41;&#44; potential for CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emission reductions&#44; and likely costs thereof&#46; To this end&#44; the input distance function of <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0017">Shephard&#160;&#40;1970&#41;</a> was used&#46; As a representative example&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Hailu&#160;and Veeman&#160;&#40;2000&#41;</a> analyzed industrial competitiveness using an input distance function approach&#46; More specifically&#44; they analyzed the marginal abatement costs associated with biochemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids discharged from Canadian pulp and paper mills during 1959&#8211;1994&#46; Using the input distance function&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0012">Jin and Lee &#40;2015&#41;</a> analyzed <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TE</span>&#44; shadow prices&#44; and substitutability during 1981&#8211;2009 for the Chinese thermal power industry&#46; In a more recent study&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0004">Chen&#160;and Jin&#160;&#40;2020&#41;</a> explored productivity changes in the thermal power sector at the provincial level&#46; Their model was based on the T&#246;rnqvist index&#44; and marginal abatement costs of CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions by the thermal power sector during 2009&#8211;2016 were calculated in various Chinese provinces&#46; When performing productivity analyses&#44; appropriate selection and handling of input&#44; output&#44; and price variables are key&#46; Finally&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0013">Muhammad et&#160;al&#46; &#40;2020&#41;</a> analyzed quarterly data pertaining to the market share of the textiles and clothing industries&#44; and the CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> per capita&#44; during 1990&#8211;2018&#46; For their empirical investigation&#44; they applied the innovative quantile-on-quantile regression approach and the Granger causality test&#46;</p><p id="para0007" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; input distance functions for 20 manufacturing industries in China and Korea&#44; which account for a large proportion of total CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions&#44; were estimated using an analysis methodology applied in previous studies&#46; The maximum reduction in CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions that could be achieved by each industry was estimated assuming 100&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TE</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0003">Che&#160;&#40;2017&#41;</a>&#46; calculated CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> prices for China&#39;s iron and steel industry at the provincial level&#44; based on a quadratic output directional distance function&#46; Unlike that study&#44; we also estimate the marginal cost reductions herein&#46; China and Korea have both introduced and implemented national emissions trading systems&#46; Estimates of the potential cost savings of inter-industry emissions trading&#44; within and between countries&#44; could have policy implications&#46;</p><p id="para0008" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The rest of this paper is organized as follows&#46; We first describe the analysis data and estimation results for manufacturing industries in China and Korea&#44; followed by a summary and our conclusions&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0002" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0004">Analysis model</span><p id="para0009" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Let us assume that an enterprise uses an input vector x&#8712;R&#43;Ncomposed of N production elements to produceythe final product quantity&#46; In this case&#44; &#39;desired outputs &#40;q&#8712;R&#43;H&#41; and &#39;undesired outputs &#40;b&#8712;R&#43;M&#8722;H&#41;&#39; are generated in the process of creating an output vectory&#8712;R&#43;M&#46; Therefore&#44; for the production technology that produces M outputs from N inputs&#44; the input distance function of <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0017">Shephard&#160;&#40;1970&#41;</a> is defined as follows&#46; It measures the maximum range in which all inputs can be reduced at the same rate without reducing the outputs &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0009">F&#228;re&#160;and Grosskopf&#44;&#160;1990</a>&#59; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Hailu&#160;and Veeman&#44;&#160;2000</a>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#cit_2"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a><elsevierMultimedia ident="eqn0001"></elsevierMultimedia></p><p id="para0011" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Here&#44; the input vectorx&#8712;R&#43;3 is divided into three production elements&#59; capital&#40;k&#41;&#44; labor&#40;l&#41;&#44; and energy&#40;e&#41;&#44; and the output vector y&#8712;R&#43;2 is composed of two outputs&#59; final product outputs &#40;q&#41;&#44; which are &#39;desired outputs&#39; and CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions&#40;u&#41;&#44; which are &#39;undesired outputs&#46;&#39; G&#40;y&#41;refers to the input requirement set that enables the production of yand measures the degree to whichxthat can produceycan be maximally reduced proportionally&#46;</p><p id="para0012" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">xAndyrefer to the input and output vectors&#44; respectively&#44; andG&#40;y&#41;is an input requirement set that enables the production ofy&#46; The input distance function has the following characteristics&#46;x&#8712;B&#40;y&#41;AndI&#40;y&#44;x&#41;&#8805;1are the necessary and sufficient conditions to be mutually valid&#44; are first-order homogeneous functions forx&#44; and are monotonically non-decreasing and concave forx&#46; These are quasi-concave foryand are non-decreasing for goods&#46; On the contrary&#44; these are non-decreasing for &#39;undesired outputs&#39; because production elements necessary to reduce pollution should be additionally inputted to reducey&#44; which is the &#39;undesired outputs&#39; regarded as pollutants if the produced quantity of the &#39;desired output&#39;qis to be maintained&#46;</p><p id="para0013" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">1&#47;I&#40;y&#44;x&#41; Can be calculated&#44; and the technical efficiency &#40;TE&#41; of Farrell &#40;1957&#41; can be measured from the definition of the input distance function&#46; In other words&#44; if the production is assumed to have been implemented on the boundary line ofI&#40;y&#44;x&#41;&#44; which is an area where the enterprise is the most efficient&#44; that is&#44; isoquant curve&#44; it will be the most efficient situation&#44; and the value of the input distance function value will be 1&#46; Cases where the value is greater than 1&#44; refer to situations where production elements are excessively inputted&#44; exceeding the isoquant curve&#44; which is the appropriate state&#46; On the contrary&#44; as the difference from 1 becomes greater&#44; the production inefficiency increases&#46;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eqn0002"></elsevierMultimedia></p><p id="para0014" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Considering situations where enterprises&#39; cost minimization is not achieved&#44; a situation where the total shadow cost is minimized is assumed&#44; as shown by <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#eqn0003">Eq&#46;&#160;&#40;3&#41;</a> using the shadow price vector w3&#40;in this case ws&#8712;R&#43;3&#41;&#46;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eqn0003"></elsevierMultimedia></p><p id="para0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cost functions such as CS&#40;y&#44;ws&#41;&#61;minx&#123;wsx&#58;I&#40;y&#44;x&#41;&#8805;1&#125; can be derived from the optimal condition of the cost minimization problem&#44; of which a constraint condition is the value of the input distance function&#46; Here&#44; w&#8712;R&#43;3 denotes the price vector of the input that minimizes the cost&#46;</p><p id="para0016" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">Hailu&#160;and Veeman&#160;&#40;2000&#41;</a> presented that the marginal abatement cost can be estimated using the input distance function&#46; If <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#eqn0003">Eq&#46;&#160;&#40;3&#41;</a> is partially differentiated y&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#eqn0004">Eq&#46;&#160;&#40;4&#41;</a> will be established&#46;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eqn0004"></elsevierMultimedia>Here&#44; &#8711;denotes the partial differential operator&#46; According to <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0017">Shephard&#160;&#40;1970&#41;</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0011">Jacobsen&#160;&#40;1972&#41;</a>&#44; &#955; is the Lagrangian multiplier of the constraint cost minimization problem and coincides with the optimal value of the cost function&#46; If the shadow price of the output is defined as the cost increment incurred when one unit of the output is additionally produced&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#eqn0004">Eq&#46;&#160;&#40;4&#41;</a> can be expressed as follows&#46;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eqn0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Where&#44;ps&#8712;R&#43;2&#160;is the shadow price vector of the output and pis&#8805;0&#44; pjs&#8805;0from the nature of the input distance function&#46;</p><p id="para0017" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Meanwhile&#44; after obtaining pjsandpisrespectively from <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#eqn0005">Eq&#46;&#160;&#40;5&#41;</a>&#44; if pisis the same as the market price &#40;pi&#41; of the final product&#44; the relationship between the two output shadow prices can be expressed as follows&#46;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eqn0006"></elsevierMultimedia>where&#44; pisis the shadow price of the good yi&#46;</p><p id="para0018" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">That is&#44; the yield that must be abandoned to reduce one unit of CO2 additionally is measured&#46; To calculate the CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> shadow price in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#eqn0006">Eq&#46; &#40;6&#41;</a>I&#40;y&#44;x&#41;&#44; which is the input distance function&#44; must be estimated&#46; To this end&#44; the form of translog&#44; as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#eqn0007">Eq&#46; &#40;7&#41;</a>&#44; is taken&#46; Where&#44; &#947;ii&#8242;&#61;&#947;i&#8242;i&#44;&#947;jj&#8242;&#61;&#947;j&#8242;j<elsevierMultimedia ident="eqn0007"></elsevierMultimedia></p><p id="para0019" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0001">Aigner&#160;and Chu&#160;&#40;1968&#41;</a>&#44; the coefficients in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#eqn0007">Eq&#46;&#160;&#40;7&#41;</a> are estimated using the linear programming method&#46; The objective function is set&#44; and constraint conditions such as monotonicity and homogeneity are satisfied while minimization is pursued&#46;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eqn0008"></elsevierMultimedia>where&#44; n&#61;1&#44;&#46;&#46;&#46;&#44;N denotes the observed values&#46; Under the relevant constraint conditions indicated above&#44; the distance between the boundary point ofG&#40;y&#41;&#44; that is&#44; the boundary line where the production efficiency is the highest&#44; and the current operating point is minimized&#46; The first constraint condition represents the range of input distance function values&#46; The second and third constraint conditions are the characteristics of the input distance function and were presented to satisfy the monotonicity of the input element x&#44; &#39;desired output&#39; q&#44; which is the final yield&#44; and &#39;undesired output&#39; u&#44; which is CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions&#44; and the fourth and fifth constraint conditions impose the constraint conditions of the homogeneity of the input distance function and the symmetry between coefficients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0003" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0005">Analysis data and estimation results</span><p id="para0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TE</span>&#44; CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> shadow prices&#44; and the potential for CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emission reductions were compared between the manufacturing sectors of China and Korea&#46; The most competitive industry types were also identified&#46; Cross-sectional data for the period 2015&#8211;2019 were analyzed under the assumption of 100&#37; production efficiency &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; in terms of fuel consumption&#41;&#46; The maximum potential CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reductions for manufacturing industries in both countries were estimated using the input distance function&#46;</p><p id="para0021" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Industry classification methods differ between China and Korea&#44; and there are also a relative lack of relevant data from China &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0002">Table&#160;2</a>&#41;&#46; Therefore&#44; the manufacturing sectors of China and Korea were reclassified based on energy consumption levels&#44; to yield 20 manufacturing industry types for both countries&#46; All variables were standardized such that they had a value of 1 at the midpoint of 2017&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#cit_3"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0002"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="para0023" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The input distance function used in the analysis comprises both desired and undesired outputs&#59; the latter pertains mainly to CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;b&#41;&#44; which is obtained by inputting capital stock &#40;k&#41;&#44; labor &#40;l&#41; and energy &#40;e&#41;&#46; The source for all of the statistical data for China&#44; except CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions and energy&#44; was the China Statistical Yearbook&#46; The unit for both the final industrial output &#40;q&#41; and capital input &#40;k&#59; calculated according to the number of fixed assets&#41; was 100 million yuan&#46; l and e were quantified in terms of the average number of employees &#40;rounded to the nearest 10&#44;000&#41;&#44; and the unit for the total amount of energy was tons &#40;rounded to the nearest 10&#44;000&#41;&#46; The amount of energy used was obtained from the China Energy Statistical Yearbook&#44; while b was estimated based on the carbon emission factors for fuel in China &#40;obtained from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#cit_4"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; A summary of the statistical data is presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0003">Table&#160;3</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0003"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="para0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For Korea&#44; q&#44; l&#44; and k were estimated based on mining industry data&#44; manufacturing industry data&#44; and a statistical survey published by the National Statistics Office&#46; The total kwas estimated based on tangible fixed assets&#44; which are calculated for the manufacturing sector every year&#44; while b was estimated from the amount of bituminous coal used and carbon emission factors provided in the Statistical Yearbook of Energy of the Korea Energy Economics Institute <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0004">Table&#160;4</a>&#46; summarizes the statistics for the variables of interest&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table&#160;5</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0006">Table&#160;6</a> shows the results obtained by applying the input distance function in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#eqn0007">Eq&#46;&#160;&#40;7&#41;</a> to data from the 20 major industries in China&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0004"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0006"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="para0026" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0008">Table&#160;8</a>&#44; the manufacturing industries &#34;leather&#8221;&#44; &#34;wood and wood products&#8221;&#44; &#34;publishing and printing&#8221;&#44; &#34;coke and oil refining&#8221;&#44; &#34;medical care&#8221;&#44; &#34;non-metallic minerals&#8221;&#44; &#34;other electrical machinery and electrical converters&#8221;&#44; &#34;other manufacturing machinery and equipment&#8221;&#44; &#34;other transportation equipment&#8221;&#44; and &#34;furniture&#34; had <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TE</span> scores of 1&#44; i&#46;e&#46;&#44; the highest possible value&#44; which was not the case for any of these industries in Korea&#46; The &#8220;electronics&#8221; industry had the lowest <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TE</span> score &#40;0&#46;79&#41;&#59; production efficiency was also relatively low for &#34;compounds and chemical products&#8221;&#46; Moreover&#44; whereas the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TE</span> of the &#34;metal&#34; industry in Korea was low&#44; it achieved the maximum possible score &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; 1&#41; in China&#46;</p><p id="para0027" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The input distance function values for the manufacturing industries were estimated to be in the range of 1&#46;00&#8211;5&#46;07&#44; with an average of 1&#46;78&#46; As can be seen in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0008">Table&#160;8</a>&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TE</span> scores for Korean industries were in the range of 0&#46;1971&#8211;1&#46;000&#46; A score of 1 was achieved by six industries&#44; namely &#34;beverages&#8221;&#44; &#34;coke and petroleum processing&#8221;&#44; &#34;nonmetal minerals&#8221;&#44; &#34;automobile manufacturing&#8221;&#44; &#34;other transportation equipment&#8221;&#44; and &#34;furniture&#46;&#34; The industry with the lowest <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TE</span> score &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; 0&#46;1971&#41; was the &#8220;metal&#8221; industry&#44; followed by &#34;rubber and plastics&#8221;&#44; &#34;groceries&#8221;&#44; and &#34;compounds and chemical products&#8221; &#40;all scores &#60; 0&#46;5&#41;&#46; The average <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TE</span> score for all 20 manufacturing sectors in Korea was 0&#46;7074&#46; Assuming that production processes follow an isoquant curve&#44; by maximizing production efficiency in the Korean manufacturing sector&#44; production inputs could be reduced by up to &#8764;30&#37; without any reduction in outputs&#46;</p><p id="para0028" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The average <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TE</span> score of the 20 major manufacturing industries in China was 0&#46;94 &#40;range&#58; 0&#46;7&#8211;1&#46;0&#41;&#44; which was approximately 23&#37; higher compared with that in Korea&#46; China was technically superior to Korea in all manufacturing industries&#44; except the &#34;beverages&#34; and &#34;automobiles&#34; industries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#cit_5"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The average <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TE</span> score of all 20 manufacturing sectors in China was 0&#46;94&#46; Assuming an isoquant curve&#44; as discussed above for Korea&#44; the production elements could be reduced by up to &#8764;6&#37; without any reduction in outputs&#46;</p><p id="para0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions from the manufacturing industry in China could be reduced by an estimated 75&#46;98 million tons&#44; mostly in the &#34;compounds and chemical products&#8221; industry &#40;&#8805; 62&#46;56 million tons&#59; &#8764;82&#37; of the total potential reduction&#41;&#46; The &#34;paper products&#8221;&#44; &#34;textile products&#8221;&#44; and &#34;food&#34; industries also have potential for relatively large CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reductions&#46;</p><p id="para0031" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The input distance function values for Korea&#39;s manufacturing industries&#44; estimated using <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#eqn0007">Eq&#46;&#160;&#40;7&#41;</a>&#44; are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0007">Table&#160;7</a>&#46; Farrell&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TE</span> scores can be obtained by calculating the reciprocals of the input distance function values&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0007"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="para0032" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assuming 100&#37; production efficiency&#44; the product of the CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions calculation described above can be multiplied by &#40;1&#8722;TE&#41; to estimate the maximum possible reduction in CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions by the manufacturing sector of Korea&#46; A lower <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TE</span> is associated with greater potential for CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reduction&#46; As shown in the second column of <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0007">Table&#160;7</a>&#44; CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions could be reduced by 88&#46;11 million tons in total&#44; with the &#8220;metal&#8221; industry accounting for 71&#46;1 million tons&#46; CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reductions exceeding 1 million tons could also be achieved by the &#8220;compounds and chemical products&#8221; and &#8220;food&#8221; industries &#40;13&#46;64 and 1&#46;03 million tons&#44; respectively&#41;&#46;</p><p id="para0033" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The potential CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reductions were based not only on curbing excessive fuel input but rather on reducing all inputs by the same amount under the assumption of 100&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TE</span>&#46; The three industries in the Korean manufacturing sector with the greatest potential for CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emission reductions together account for 96&#37; of the total potential reduction&#46;</p><p id="para0034" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Note&#58; &#40;a&#41; The TEvalues estimated based on the input distance functions of China and Korea &#40;shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0002">Fig&#46;&#160;2</a>&#41; were compared&#46; The TE of the &#34;coke and oil refining&#8221;&#44; &#34;medical care&#8221;&#44; &#34;other transportation equipment&#8221;&#44; and &#34;furniture&#34; industries were all estimated to be 1&#46; In addition&#44; isoquant curve analysis demonstrated that production inputs were excessive compared with outputs in Korea&#46; Shadow prices for the Chinese manufacturing industry were estimated&#59; the &#8220;electronics&#8221; industry had the lowest price &#40;US&#36;0&#46;08&#47;ton&#41;&#44; while the &#8220;non-metallic minerals&#8221; industry had the highest price &#40;US&#36;9&#46;73&#47;ton&#59; identical to that for Korea&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0002"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="para0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The average shadow price for Chinese industries was estimated to be US&#36;1&#46;41&#47;ton&#44; while pbs&#44; which is the weighted average of CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions for all industries&#44; was US&#36;6&#46;57&#47;ton &#40;more than twice that in Korea&#41;&#46; The pbs of all industries except the &#34;non-metallic minerals&#8221;&#44; &#34;compounds and chemical products&#8221;&#44; &#34;coke and oil refining&#8221;&#44; and &#34;textile products&#34; industries was estimated to be &#60; US&#36;1&#47;ton&#46;</p><p id="para0036" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0008">Table&#160;8</a>&#44; the shadow price of the &#8220;electronics&#8221; industry in China was the lowest among all industries&#44; at US&#36;0&#46;08&#47;ton&#44; which was also lower than that in Korea&#46; Thus&#44; the technological competitiveness of this industry was higher in Korea than China&#46; Industries with greater CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions due to the use of fossil fuels have lower marginal abatement costs&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0008"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="para0037" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">By implementing the cap and trade system in the manufacturing sector&#44; carbon allowances would be imposed on industries emitting relatively large amounts of CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#46; To estimate the potential cost savings associated with emissions trading&#44; the 10 largest CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>-emitting industries in Korea and China were analyzed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0009">Table&#160;9</a>&#41;&#46; Under our analysis scenario&#44; individual industries are obligated to reduce their CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions by 10&#37; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table&#160;10</a>&#46; summarizes the simulation results for the two countries&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0009"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="para0038" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In China&#44; pbs was estimated as US&#36;6&#46;57&#46; The &#8220;non-metallic minerals&#8221; industry could lower its abatement cost by purchasing allowances rather than actually implementing abatement measures to meet the 10&#37; cut in CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions mandated in our scenario&#44; where the price of allowances &#40;hereafter referred to as permits&#41; is lower than the marginal abatement cost &#40;by US&#36;3&#46;2 per ton&#41;&#46; The total potential cost savings for this industry were estimated as US&#36;127&#46;79 million&#46; Note that the &#8220;non-metallic minerals&#8221; industry pays the highest abatement cost because it has the highest CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> intensity &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">q</span>&#41; among all manufacturing industries in China&#44; as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0009">Table&#160;9</a>&#46; Nine other industries could benefit economically from the selling of permits&#46; In particular&#44; the &#8220;automobiles&#8221;&#44; &#8220;medical care&#8221;&#44; &#8220;beverages&#8221;&#44; and &#8220;refined tea&#8221; industries&#44; whose pbs and &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">q</span>&#41; values were the lowest among all industries&#44; are the most likely to engage in trade with the &#8220;non-metallic minerals&#8221; industry&#59; this is not only because they stand to gain the most economically by trading 1 ton CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions but also because such trade would facilitate CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emission reduction&#46;</p><p id="para0039" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Korea&#44; the weighted average potential cost savings were estimated at US&#36;10&#46;44&#46; The &#8220;chemical raw materials&#8221; and &#8220;non-metallic minerals&#8221; industries could reduce their abatement costs by US&#36;85&#46;05 and US&#36;129&#46;17 million&#44; respectively&#44; by purchasing permits&#46; Potential permit sellers include the &#8220;rubber and plastics&#8221;&#44; &#8220;metal&#8221;&#44; &#8220;food&#8221;&#44; &#8220;communication&#8221;&#44; and &#8220;other electronic equipment&#8221; industries because of their relatively low pbs values&#46;</p><p id="para0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The potential cost savings from CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions trading were compared between Korea and China&#46; In the latter country&#44; the market price of a 1-ton permit was calculated as US&#36;6&#46;57&#46; The &#8220;non-metallic minerals&#8221; industry&#44; whose CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> shadow price was estimated as US&#36;9&#46;73&#44; could reduce its abatement cost by US&#36;3&#46;2 per ton by purchasing permits&#46; The potential cost savings of this action would amount to US&#36;127&#46;9 million&#46; The effect of a 1-ton trade was found to be larger in Korea than China&#44; given the higher estimated market price for a 1-ton permit in the former country&#46; In any such trade&#44; the &#8220;non-metallic minerals&#8221; industry would likely act as the buyer&#44; with cost savings of US&#36;85&#46;05 and US&#36;4&#46;02 per ton&#46; In both countries&#44; nine industries in addition to &#8220;non-metallic minerals&#8221; could benefit economically by serving as sellers&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0004" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0006">Summary and conclusions</span><p id="para0041" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the 17<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties held in 2011&#44; an agreement was made to extend the commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol by 5 years&#46; Moreover&#44; a legally binding treaty was entered into by China&#44; the United States&#44; and India&#44; which are the largest greenhouse gas emitters&#46; Meanwhile&#44; at the Copenhagen Conference&#44; Korea announced that it was targeting a 30&#37; reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#cit_6"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#cit_7"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="para0044" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since the key to sustainable low-carbon growth at the global level is cost-effective CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reductions&#44; we estimated the potential CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reductions for 20 manufacturing industries in China and Korea using input distance functions and also derived marginal CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> abatement costs&#46;</p><p id="para0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the assumption of 100&#37; production efficiency&#44; the maximum reduction in CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions for the Chinese manufacturing sector was estimated as 62&#46;56 million tons&#44; approximately 89&#37; of which was accounted for by the &#34;compounds and chemical products&#34; and &#34;paper products&#8221; industries&#46; In the case of the Korean manufacturing sector&#44; the industry with the highest potential for CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reductions was the metal industry &#40;71&#46;01 million tons&#41;&#46; The average marginal abatement costs for Korean manufacturing industries was estimated as US&#36;6&#46;46&#47;ton&#44; and the weighted averagepbs was estimated as US&#36;15&#46;1&#47;ton&#46; In China&#44; the &#8220;non-metallic minerals&#8221; industry showed the highest estimated shadow price&#44; estimated as US&#36;9&#46;73&#47;ton&#46; The average marginal abatement cost for Chinese manufacturing industries was estimated as US&#36;3&#46;21&#47;ton&#44; and the weighted averagepbs was US&#36;6&#46;57&#47;ton &#40;more than twice that of Korea&#41;&#46; The pbs of all industries&#44; except the &#34;non-metallic minerals&#8221;&#44; &#34;compounds and chemical products&#8221;&#44; &#34;coke and oil refining&#8221;&#44; and &#34;textile products&#34; industries&#44; was estimated to be &#60; US&#36;1&#47;ton&#46;</p><p id="para0046" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The &#8220;non-metallic minerals&#8221; industry in China could reduce its abatement cost by US&#36;3&#46;2 per ton by purchasing permits&#44; for a potential cost savings of US&#36;127&#46;9 million&#46; In Korea&#44; the &#8220;chemical raw materials&#8221; and &#8220;non-metallic minerals&#8221; industries could reduce their abatement costs by US&#36;85&#46;05 and US&#36;129&#46;17 million&#44; respectively&#44; by purchasing permits&#46;</p><p id="para0047" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the limitations of this study&#44; the &#8220;iron and steel&#8221; and &#8220;cement&#8221; industries were excluded from the analyses due to a lack of data for China&#44; where the technological competitiveness of these industries is inferior compared with Korea&#46; Moreover&#44; both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the analysis may have been affected by a lack of diversity in the Chinese data&#46; In addition&#44; given the heterogeneity among manufacturing industries&#44; dummy variables for the individual industries would have been desirable&#44; along with the use of transcendental functions to test for significant differences in production potential&#46; This study used distance functions and was limited by a lack of probabilistic analyses&#46; These weaknesses should be addressed in future studies comparing Chinese and Korean industries&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Introduction"
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          "titulo" => "Summary and conclusions"
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          "titulo" => "Acknowledgements"
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            0 => "Input distance function"
            1 => "Technical efficiency"
            2 => "CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> shadow price"
            3 => "Carbon emissions trading"
            4 => "Environmental capacities"
            5 => "Manufacturing industry"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abss0001" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spara018" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Here&#44; we use an input distance function approach to determine the shadow price of carbon dioxide &#40;CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41;&#44; technical efficiency and potential for emission reductions of the industrial sectors of China and Korea&#44; and impact of carbon trading on costs&#46; Data from 20 industries in the manufacturing sectors of South Korea and China were analyzed during 2015&#8211;2019&#46; The potential for CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emission reductions and cost-saving effects of emissions trading were compared between the two countries&#46; The average technical efficiency score of 20 manufacturing industries in Korea was 0&#46;71&#44; indicating that production costs could be reduced by almost 30&#37;&#44; while for China&#44; the potential cost savings were 4&#37; higher&#46; The average marginal abatement cost in Korea was estimated as US&#36;6&#46;46&#47;ton&#44; while the weighted average marginal abatement cost for CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions &#40;p&#94;us&#41;&#44; was US&#36;15&#46;1&#47;ton&#46; For China&#44; the respective values were similar&#44; at US&#36;3&#46;21&#47;ton and US&#36;6&#46;57&#47;ton&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="notep0001">Major projects&#44; i&#46;e&#46;&#44; those with high energy and mining resource requirements&#44; will be undertaken in Midwest China&#44; while projects using imported resources are scheduled to take place in coastal regions&#46; In addition&#44; steel&#44; nonferrous metal&#44; and chemical companies in urban areas are moving to the outskirts of cities to protect the environment&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="notep0002">Using the distance function instead of the traditional production function has the following advantages&#46; First&#44; it is possible to obtain multiple outputs&#44; whereas the production function provides only scalar values&#46; Second&#44; since drug disposal is accounted for in the distance function&#44; it is not necessary to make unrealistic assumptions regarding that potential source of pollution&#46; Third&#44; shadow prices can be derived based on the difference between distance and import functions&#46; To reduce pollution emissions&#44; the final amount of goods produced must also be reduced&#59; in the case of the input distance function&#44; if goods production is maintained at the same level&#44; additional production factors must be inputted to achieve pollution reductions&#46; The input distance function measures the degree to which <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span> can be reduced relative to its maximum possible value&#44; without reducing <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span>&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="notep0003">The outputs are actual production costs&#44; converted into US&#36; based on the consumer price index and exchange rates in China and Korea for the relevant years&#46; To calculate the &#8220;intermediate year&#8221; from equation &#40;6&#41; using the coefficients of the trans-log distance function derived from equation &#40;7&#41; and linear equation &#40;8&#41;&#44; the observed values <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span> were standardized to 1 and all logarithmic values to a value of 0&#46; Equation &#40;6&#41; consists only of estimated coefficients &#40;Grosskopf et&#160;al&#46;&#44; 1995&#44; p&#46; 293&#41;&#46;</p>"
        "identificador" => "cit_3"
      ]
      3 => array:3 [
        "etiqueta" => "4"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="notep0004">CO2&#61;&#8721;ifi&#215;hi&#215;di&#215;ri&#215;&#40;4412&#41;&#44;i&#61;c&#44;o&#44; where subscript <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">i</span> represents fossil fuels&#44; i&#46;e&#46;&#44; coal &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>&#41; and petroleum &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">o</span>&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span> is the amount of fuel used&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">h</span> is the average calorific value&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span> is the carbon content per calorie&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> is oxidation&#46;</p>"
        "identificador" => "cit_4"
      ]
      4 => array:3 [
        "etiqueta" => "5"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="notep0005">The difference in the average input distance function values between the entire manufacturing sectors of China and Korea was calculated&#44; to determine the validity of the comparison of competitiveness between the two countries based on isoquant curve analysis&#46; A relatively large difference was seen between the value for Korea &#40;0&#46;71&#47;1&#46;8&#160;&#61;&#160;39&#46;4&#37;&#41; and that for China &#40;0&#46;71&#47;1&#46;1&#160;&#61;&#160;64&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; This was attributed to the exclusion from the analyses of the &#8220;iron and steel&#8221; and &#8220;cement&#8221; industries &#40;for which the technological competitiveness of Korea is higher than that of China&#41;&#44; which was in turn a consequence of the reclassification of the industries such that there was an equal number thereof &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; 20&#41; in both countries&#46;</p>"
        "identificador" => "cit_5"
      ]
      5 => array:3 [
        "etiqueta" => "6"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="notep0006">China is aiming to achieve peak carbon emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060&#46; Via an energy revolution and optimization of the structure of China&#39;s industrial sector&#44; the proportion of high energy-consuming industries will be reduced&#44; and industrial energy efficiency and development will be enhanced&#46; High energy-consuming industries include the &#8220;chemical raw materials&#8221;&#44; &#8220;chemical products&#8221;&#44; &#8220;ferrous metal smelting and rolling&#8221;&#44; &#8220;non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling&#8221;&#44; &#8220;non-metallic minerals&#8221;&#44; &#8220;coke and petroleum processing&#8221;&#44; &#8220;nuclear fuel processing&#8221;&#44; and &#8220;supply&#8221; industries</p>"
        "identificador" => "cit_6"
      ]
      6 => array:3 [
        "etiqueta" => "7"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="notep0007">In the case of Korea&#44; efforts to reduce the carbon emissions of the manufacturing sector are ongoing&#44; with the ultimate goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050&#46; Greater financial support&#44; the establishment of a green energy system&#44; and increased production of low-carbon products could be useful to that end&#46; In August&#44; the Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade published a report entitled &#8220;2050 Carbon Neutrality and the Path of the Manufacturing Industry&#8221; which emphasized that carbon neutrality would be very challenging considering the high dependence on fossil fuels and manufacturing-oriented industrial sector in Korea&#46; As such&#44; it was stated that &#34;An active response from the manufacturing industry to enhance competitiveness is more necessary than ever&#46;&#34; The report also stated that the major goals were to &#8220;&#8230;examine the emission characteristics of energy-intensive industries&#44; which are currently the main industries in Korea&#44; as well as carbon reduction strategies and support measures for each industry&#44; and suggest strategies by which the industrial sector can achieve carbon neutrality by 2050&#46;&#34;</p>"
        "identificador" => "cit_7"
      ]
    ]
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        "identificador" => "fig0001"
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        "figura" => array:1 [
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            "identificador" => "alt0001"
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            "rol" => "short"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara001" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">World&#39;s Top 10 CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> Emitting Countries</p> <p id="spara002" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data source&#58; IEA Statistics&#44; CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> Emissions from Fuel Combustion&#44; 2020&#46; &#40;Unit&#58; million tons&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0002"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "alt0002"
            "detalle" => "Fig "
            "rol" => "short"
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara003" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Differences between China and Korea in TE values by sectora&#46;</p>"
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      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0001"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
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          0 => array:3 [
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spara005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Note&#58; Data were taken from CAIT&#39;s database&#46;</p>"
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0001"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0002"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Industrial process&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0003"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Transportation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0004"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Construction industry&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0005"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Manufacturing&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0006"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Agriculture&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0007"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Power industry&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0008"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">China&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0009"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">846&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0010"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">979&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0011"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">563&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0012"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2536&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0013"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">724&#46;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0014"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">5460&#46;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0015"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Korea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0016"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">24&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0017"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">103&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0018"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">50&#46;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0019"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">70&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0020"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">14&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0021"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">401&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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              ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara004" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of carbon dioxide emissions by major industries in China and Korea&#44; 2020&#46; &#40;Unit&#58; millionMtCO2e&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
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        "tabla" => array:1 [
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0022"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0023"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">China&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0024"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Korea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0025"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">The industrial classification used in the study&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0026"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0027"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Processing of Food from Agricultural Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0028"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Foods&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0029"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Foods&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0030"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0031"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Foods&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0032"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Liquor&#44; Beverages and Refined Tea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0033"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Liquor&#44; Beverages and Refined Tea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0034"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0035"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Liquor&#44; Beverages and Refined Tea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0036"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Tobacco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0037"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Textile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0038"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0039"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Tobacco&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0040"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Textile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0041"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Textile&#44; Wearing Apparel and Accessories&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0042"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0043"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Textile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0044"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Textile&#44; Wearing Apparel and Accessories&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0045"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Leather&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0046"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0047"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Textile&#44; Wearing Apparel and Accessories&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0048"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Leather&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0049"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Processing of Timber&#44; Manufacture of Wood&#44; Bamboo&#44; Rattan&#44; Palm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0050"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0051"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Leather&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0052"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Processing of Timber&#44; Manufacture of Wood&#44; Bamboo&#44; Rattan&#44; Palm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0053"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Paper and Paper Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0054"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0055"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Processing of Timber&#44; Manufacture of Wood&#44; Bamboo&#44; Rattan&#44; Palm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0056"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Paper and Paper Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0057"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Printing and Reproduction of Recording Media&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0058"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0059"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Furniture&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0060"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Printing and Reproduction of Recording Media&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0061"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Processing of Petroleum&#44; Coking&#44; and Processing of Nuclear Fuel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0062"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0063"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Paper and Paper Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0064"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Processing of Petroleum&#44; Coking&#44; and Processing of Nuclear Fuel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0065"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Raw Chemical Materials and Chemical Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0066"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0067"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Printing and Reproduction of Recording Media&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0068"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Raw Chemical Materials and Chemical Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0069"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Medicines&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0070"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0071"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Articles for Culture&#44; Education&#44; Arts and Crafts&#44; Sport and Entertainment Activities&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0072"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Medicines&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0073"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Rubber and Plastics Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0074"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0075"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Processing of Petroleum&#44; Coking&#44; and Processing of Nuclear Fuel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0076"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Rubber and Plastics Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0077"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Non-metallic Mineral Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0078"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0079"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Raw Chemical Materials and Chemical Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0080"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Non-metallic Mineral Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0081"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Metal Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0082"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0083"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Medicines&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0084"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Primary metal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0085"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Computers&#44; Communication&#44; and Other Electronic Equipment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0086"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0087"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Chemical Fibers&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0088"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">manufacture of Products metal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0089"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and Apparatus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0090"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0091"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Rubber and Plastics Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0092"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Computers&#44; Communication&#44; and Other Electronic Equipment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0093"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of General-Purpose Machinery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0094"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0095"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Non-metallic Mineral Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0096"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of medical&#44; precision&#44; and optical devices and clock&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0097"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Automobiles&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0098"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0099"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Smelting and Pressing of Ferrous Metals&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0100"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and Apparatus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0101"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Railway&#44; ship&#44; Aerospace and Other Transport Equipments&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0102"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0103"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Smelting and Pressing of Non-ferrous Metals&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0104"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of General-Purpose Machinery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0105"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Furniture&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0106"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0107"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Metal Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0108"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacturer of Special Purpose Machinery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0109"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="9" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0110"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0111"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of General-Purpose Machinery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0112"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Railway&#44; ship&#44; Aerospace and Other Transport Equipments&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0114"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0115"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacturer of Special Purpose Machinery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0116"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Furniture&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0118"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0119"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Automobiles&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0120"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Other Manufacture&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0122"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0123"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Railway&#44; ship&#44; Aerospace and Other Transport Equipments&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0124"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0126"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0127"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and Apparatus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0130"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0131"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Computers&#44; Communication&#44; and Other Electronic Equipment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0134"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0135"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Measuring Instruments and Machinery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0138"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0139"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Other Manufacture&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara006" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison between industrial classification methods in China and Korea&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0003"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "alt0005"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0142"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0143"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Unit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0144"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Average&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0145"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Standard deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0146"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Maximum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0147"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Minimum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0148"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#40;b&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0149"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> million&#40;USD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0150"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">3348&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0151"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2429&#46;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0152"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">8486&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0153"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">563&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0154"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#40;b&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0155"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">&#8239;</span>tons&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0156"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">4&#44;615&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0157"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">11&#44;122&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0158"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">45&#44;802&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0159"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">101&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0160"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#40;k&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> million&#40;USD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0162"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1625&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0163"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1245&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0164"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">5088&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0165"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">253&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0166"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#40;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0167"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span> persons&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0168"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0170"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">819&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0171"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">70&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0172"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#40;k&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0173"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>&#8239;tons&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0174"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">6&#44;121&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0175"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">10&#44;104&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0176"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">36&#44;996&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0177"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">199&#46;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara007" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Basic statistics in the Chinese data&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0004"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "alt0006"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0178"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0179"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Unit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0180"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Average&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0181"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Standard deviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0182"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Maximum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0183"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Minimum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0184"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#40;b&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0185"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> million&#40;USD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0186"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">4870&#46;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0187"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">4913&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0188"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1434&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0189"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">188&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0190"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#40;b&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0191"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>&#8239;tons&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0192"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">778&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0193"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#44;021&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0194"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">8&#44;845&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0195"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0196"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#40;k&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0197"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> million&#40;USD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0198"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1413&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0199"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1458&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0200"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">5240&#46;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0201"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">83&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0202"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#40;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0203"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> persons&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0204"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">91&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0205"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">86&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0206"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">304&#46;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0207"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">6&#46;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0208"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#40;k&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0209"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>&#8239;tons&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0210"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#44;921&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0211"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#44;756&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0212"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">8&#44;972&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0213"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">102&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara008" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Basic statistics in the Korean data&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "alt0007"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0214"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Parameter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0215"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Province&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0216"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Parameter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0217"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Province&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0218"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#945;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0219"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">-0&#46;0443&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0220"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#946;ke&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0221"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;3371&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0222"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#945;c&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0223"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">-0&#46;8131&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0224"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#946;ll&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0225"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;1054&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0226"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#945;u&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0227"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;0838&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0228"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#946;le&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0308"></a><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Manufacturing sector</th><a name="en0309"></a><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">China</th><a name="en0310"></a><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Korea</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0312"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">TE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0313"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reduction<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0314"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">TE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0315"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reduction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0316"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Foods&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0317"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;9077&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0318"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">159&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0319"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;2902&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0320"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">103&#46;095&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0321"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Liquor&#44; Beverages and Refined Tea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0322"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;9092&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0323"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">123&#46;059&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0324"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0325"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0326"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Textile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0327"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;9197&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0328"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">188&#46;236&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0329"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;7335&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0330"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">13&#46;859&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0331"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Textile&#44; Wearing Apparel and Accessories&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0332"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;8946&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0333"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">50&#46;799&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0334"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;8828&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0335"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;192&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0336"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Leather&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0337"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0338"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0339"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;8785&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0340"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;222&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0341"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Processing of Timber&#44; Manufacture of Wood&#44; Bamboo&#44; Rattan&#44; Palm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0342"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0343"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0344"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;6361&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0345"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">16&#46;765&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0346"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Paper and Paper Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0347"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;8457&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0348"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">546&#46;465&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0349"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;5517&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0350"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">97&#46;115&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0351"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Printing and Reproduction of Recording Media&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0352"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0353"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0354"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;4957&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0355"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;546&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0356"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Processing of Petroleum&#44; Coking and Processing of Nuclear Fuel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0357"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0358"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0359"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0360"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0361"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Raw Chemical Materials and Chemical Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0362"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;7519&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0363"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">6&#44;256&#46;623&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0364"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;4355&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0365"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#44;364&#46;127&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0366"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Medicines&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0367"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0368"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0369"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;7779&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0370"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;114&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0371"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Rubber and Plastics Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0372"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;9233&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0373"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">104&#46;611&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0374"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;2648&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0375"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">73&#46;849&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0376"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Non-metallic Mineral Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0377"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0378"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0379"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0380"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0381"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Metal Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0382"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0383"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0384"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;1971&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0385"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">7&#44;101&#46;809&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0386"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Computers&#44; Communication and Other Electronic Equipment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0387"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;7974&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0388"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">86&#46;204&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0389"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;8294&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0390"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">22&#46;483&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0391"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and Apparatus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0392"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0393"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0394"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;5806&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0395"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">8&#46;074&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0396"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of General Purpose Machinery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0397"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0398"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0399"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;5947&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0400"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">7&#46;383&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0401"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Automobiles&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0402"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;9255&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0403"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">83&#46;679&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0404"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0405"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0406"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Railway&#44; ship&#44; Aerospace and Other Transport Equipments&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0407"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0408"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0409"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0410"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0411"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Furniture&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0412"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0413"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0414"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0415"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0416"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Average&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0417"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;9437&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0418"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">7&#44;598&#46;678&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0419"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;7074&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0420"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">8&#44;811&#46;633&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara011" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results of estimation of technical efficiency levels&#44; potential CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reductions&#44; and marginal abatement costs by manufacturing sector in China and Korea&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      9 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0008"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 8"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "alt0010"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0421"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Manufacturing sector&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0422"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">China&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0423"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Korea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0424"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Foods&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0425"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0426"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0427"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Liquor&#44; Beverages&#44; and Refined Tea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0428"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0429"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0430"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Textile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0431"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0432"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">6&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0433"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Textile&#44; Wearing Apparel and Accessories&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0434"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0435"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0436"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Leather&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0437"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0438"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0439"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Processing of Timber&#44; Manufacture of Wood&#44; Bamboo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0440"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0441"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">3&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0442"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Paper and Paper Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0443"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0444"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">5&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0445"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Printing and Reproduction of Recording Media&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0446"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0447"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0448"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Processing of Petroleum&#44; Coking&#44; and Processing of Nuclear Fuel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0449"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">5&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0450"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0451"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Raw Chemical Materials and Chemical Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0452"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">5&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0453"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0454"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Medicines&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0455"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0456"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0457"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Rubber and Plastics Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0458"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0459"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0460"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Non-metallic Mineral Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0461"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">9&#46;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0462"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">95&#46;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0463"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Metal Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0464"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0465"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">8&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0466"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Computers&#44; Communication&#44; and Other Electronic Equipment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0467"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0468"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0469"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Electrical Machinery and Apparatus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0470"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0471"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0472"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">General Purpose Machinery&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0473"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0474"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0475"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Automobiles&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0476"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0477"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0478"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Railway&#44; ship&#44; Aerospace and Other Transport Equipments&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0479"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0480"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0481"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Furniture&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0482"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0483"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0484"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Average&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0485"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0486"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">6&#46;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara013" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of marginal abatement cost estimates between China and Korea&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      10 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0009"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 9"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "alt0011"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spara015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Note&#58; c&#58; CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions&#59; c&#47;q&#58; CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> intensity&#59;pbs&#58; CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> shadow price&#46;</p><p id="spara016" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">WA&#58; The weighted average by CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> emissions for these 10 industries&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0487"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Manufacturing industry&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0488"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">c&#40;10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>&#8239;ton&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0489"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">c&#47;q&#40;ton&#47;10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>US&#36;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0490"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">pbs&#40;US&#36;&#47;ton&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0491"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">China&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0492"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">WA&#58;6&#46;57</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0493"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Non-metallic Mineral Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0494"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">45802&#46;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0495"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;206&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0496"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">9&#46;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0497"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Raw Chemical Materials&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0498"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">25217&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0499"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;075&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0500"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">5&#46;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0501"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Paper and Paper Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0502"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">3541&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0503"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;047&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0504"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0505"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Coking and Processing of Nuclear Fuel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0506"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">3393&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0507"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;026&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0508"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">5&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0509"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Manufacture of Textile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0510"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2343&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0511"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;018&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0512"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0513"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Foods&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0514"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1723&#46;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0515"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;027&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0516"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0517"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Rubber and Plastics Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0518"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1363&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0519"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;013&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0520"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0521"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Beverages and Refined Tea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0522"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1355&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0523"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;019&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0524"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0525"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Medicines&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0526"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1315&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0527"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;013&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0528"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0529"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Automobiles&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0530"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1123&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0531"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0532"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0533"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Korea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0534"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">WA&#58;10&#46;44</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0535"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Metal Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0536"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">8845&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0537"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;501&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0538"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0539"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Raw Chemical Materials&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0540"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2416&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0541"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;133&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0542"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">2&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0543"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Coking and Processing of Nuclear Fuel&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0544"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1809&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0545"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;102&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0546"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0547"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Non-metallic Mineral Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0548"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1518&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0549"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">6&#46;343&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0550"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">95&#46;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0551"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Paper and Paper Products&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0552"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">216&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0553"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;091&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0554"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">5&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0555"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Automobiles&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0556"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">155&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0557"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0558"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0559"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Foods&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0560"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">145&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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        "titulo" => "Acknowledgements"
        "texto" => "<p id="para0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The paper is supported by the Scientific Research Promotion Fund for the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs0001">Talents of Jiangsu University</span> &#40;Nos&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs0001">18JDG006&#44; 18JDG005</span>&#41;&#44; and by the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs0002">Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research Fund in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs0002">2018SJA1063</span>&#41;&#46; And we gratefully acknowledge editors and the anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions and corrections on the earlier draft of our paper according to which we improved the content&#46;</p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 2444569X
Original language: English
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