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Inicio Medicina Clínica Mortalidad y función renal a largo plazo en pacientes ingresados en la UCI por ...
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Vol. 159. Issue 11.
Pages 529-535 (December 2022)
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Vol. 159. Issue 11.
Pages 529-535 (December 2022)
Original
Mortalidad y función renal a largo plazo en pacientes ingresados en la UCI por COVID-19 con fracaso renal agudo, terapia continua de reemplazo renal y ventilación mecánica invasiva
Mortality and renal long-term outcome of critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute kidney failure, continuous renal replacement therapy and invasive mechanical ventilation
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Rosa Meleroa,
Corresponding author
mrosamelero@yahoo.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Antonia Mijaylovaa, Patrocinio Rodríguez-Beníteza, Ana García-Prietoa, Jamil Cedeñoc, Marian Goicoecheaa,b
a Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
b Red de Investigación Renal, ISCIII RETIC REDINREN RD016/009 (FEDER funds), España
c Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
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Resumen
Introducción La interacción

de COVID-19, ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) y fracaso renal agudo (FRA) con necesidad de terapia continua de reemplazo renal (TCRR) es conocida, pero hay pocos datos publicados sobre el pronóstico a largo plazo de este tipo de FRA.

Métodos

Este estudio analiza los resultados a largo plazo de 30 pacientes ingresados en la UCI por neumonía por COVID-19, con VMI y FRA con TCRR en el pico de máxima incidencia. Comparamos las características basales, la evolución clínica y bioquímica y los diferentes filtros usados en la TCRR para identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a la muerte intrahospitalaria. Se analizaron el filtrado glomerular estimado (FGe), la proteinuria y la hematuria a los 6meses de seguimiento de los supervivientes.

Resultados

De los 30 pacientes, 19 fallecieron y 11 fueron dados de alta. Los pacientes con peor función renal tuvieron mayor mortalidad (p=0,009). Los filtros usados con capacidad adsortiva no ofrecieron beneficios en cuanto a la supervivencia. De los 11 supervivientes, ninguno requirió terapia renal sustitutiva (TRS) una vez superada la infección, pero tuvieron una pérdida importante y mantenida en el tiempo de función renal (FGe de 44ml/min/1,73 m2).

Conclusión

La mortalidad en pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19 que requieren VMI y TCRR es extremadamente elevada (63%). Los filtros con capacidad adsortiva no modificaron la supervivencia. La función renal basal fue un factor predictor de mortalidad. En este tipo de FRA el deterioro de la función renal no se recupera, objetivándose una reducción importante del FGe a los 6meses.

Palabras clave:
Fracaso renal agudo
Adsorción
Ventilación mecánica invasiva
Terapia continua de reemplazo renal
COVID-19
Abstract
Background

There are limited data describing the long-term renal outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and invasive mechanical ventilation.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study we analyzed the long-term clinical course and outcomes of 30 critically ill patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the peak of highest incidence in the first wave, with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and AKI that required CRRT. Baseline features, clinical course, laboratory data, therapies and filters used in CRRT were compared between survivors and non-survivors to identify risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Renal parameters: glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria and microhematuria were collected at 6months after discharge.

Results

19 patients (63%) died and 11 were discharged. Mean time to death was 48days (7-206) after admission. Patients with worse baseline renal function had higher mortality (P=.009). Patients were treated with CRRT for an average of 18.4days. Filters with adsorptive capacity (43%) did not offer survival benefits. Regarding long-term renal outcomes, survivor patients did not receive any additional dialysis, but 9 out of 11 patients had an important loss of renal function (median of eGF of 44 (13-76)ml/min/1.73m2) after 6months.

Conclusion

Mortality among critically ill hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 on CRRT is extremely high (63%). Baseline renal function is a predictor factor of mortality. Filters with adsorption capacity did not modify survival. None survivor patients required long-term dialysis, but an important loss of renal function occurred after AKI episode related to COVID-19 infection.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injury
Adsorption
Invasive mechanical ventilation
Continuous renal replacement therapy
COVID-19

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