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Vol. 163. Issue S1.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Pages S14-S21 (August 2024)
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Vol. 163. Issue S1.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Pages S14-S21 (August 2024)
Review
Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome
Síndrome antifosfolípido obstétrico
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16
Adriana Soto-Peleteiroa, Cristina Gonzalez-Echavarria, Guillermo Ruiz-Irastorzaa,b,
Corresponding author
r.irastorza@outlook.es

Corresponding author.
a Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Spain
b University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, The Basque Country, Spain
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Tables (6)
Table 1. Obstetric features contained in the Sydney classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome.
Table 2. Obstetric features contained in the 2023 ACR/EULAR antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria.
Table 3. Recommendations from consensus documents.
Table 4. Cruces Autoimmune Diseases Unit treatment protocol for obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome.
Table 5. Cruces Autoimmune Diseases Unit protocol for the management of pregnancy and puerperium in aPL carriers or women with antiphospholipid syndrome.
Table 6. Cruces Autoimmune Diseases Unit treatment protocol for refractory antiphospholipid syndrome.
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Special issue
This article is part of special issue:
Vol. 163. Issue S1

Antiphospholipid Syndrome

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Abstract

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is the most frequent acquired thrombophilia of autoimmune basis. Pregnancy complications of APS may include recurrent miscarriage, and placental dysfunction presenting as fetal death, prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia. For the management of obstetric APS, a coordinated medical-obstetric management is essential, and this should start for a preconceptional visit in order to estimate the individual risk for complications, adjust therapies and establish the indications for preconceptional and first-trimester therapy. The basis of APS therapy during pregnancy is low-dose aspirin, combined in certain clinical scenarios with low-molecular weight heparin. Induction of delivery should not be routinely indicated in the absence of maternal and/or fetal complications. Postpartum management should be warranted.

Keywords:
Antiphospholipid antibodies
Lupus anticoagulant
Anticardiolipin
Miscarriage
Fetal loss
Preeclampsia
Low-dose aspirin
Heparin
Hydroxychloroquine
Resumen

El síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF) es la trombofilia de origen inmune más frecuente. Las complicaciones obstétricas del SAF incluyen los abortos precoces recurrentes y la disfunción placentaria, que puede manifestarse como muerte fetal, prematuridad, crecimiento intrauterino retardado o preeclampsia. Para el manejo del SAF obstétrico es esencial una adecuada coordinación médico-obstétrica, que debe empezar por la visita preconcepcional. En ella se estima el riesgo específico de complicaciones, se ajustan los tratamientos y se establece el momento de inicio de las medicaciones, durante el primer trimestre o incluso antes del embarazo. La base terapéutica del SAF obstétrico es la aspirina a dosis bajas, combinada en determinados escenarios clínicos con heparina de bajo peso molecular. No está indicada la inducción rutinaria del parto, que solo debe estar guiada por indicaciones obstétricas, maternas o fetales. Se debe asegurar también un adecuado control durante el puerperio.

Palabras clave:
Anticuerpos antifosfolípido
Anticoagulante lúpico
Anticardiolipina
Aborto
Muerte fetal
Preeclampsia
Aspirina
Heparina
Hidroxicloroquina

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