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Inicio Medicina Clínica Plasma calprotectin as a biomarker of inflammatory activity in ulcerative coliti...
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Original article
Available online 18 November 2024
Plasma calprotectin as a biomarker of inflammatory activity in ulcerative colitis
La calprotectina plasmática como biomarcador de actividad inflamatoria en la colitis ulcerosa
Maria José Temidoa,
Corresponding author
mariajosetemido@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Margarida Peixinhob, Rosário Cunhab, Andrea Silvaa, Sandra Lopesa, Sofia Mendesa, Ana Margarida Ferreiraa, Manuela Ferreiraa,c, Pedro Figueiredoa,c, Francisco Portelaa,c
a Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
b Clinical Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
c Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of study population (N=98 patients) with previously diagnosed ulcerative colitis undergoing endoscopic evaluation.
Table 2. Median levels (interquartile range (IQR)) of C-reactive protein, fecal calprotectin and both kits of plasma calprotectin (Gentian and INOVA diagnostics) in predicting endoscopic and histological outcomes. Comparison between AUCs. Statistical significance with p<0.05.
Table 3. Univariate analysis of the association between inflammatory biomarkers and clinical characteristics study population (N=98 patients). (Mann–Whitney test (binomial variables) or Kruskal–Wallis test (categorical variables)); statistical significance with p<0.05.
Table 4. Areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of C-reactive protein, fecal calprotectin and both kits of plasma calprotectin (Gentian and INOVA diagnostics) in predicting endoscopic and histological outcomes. Comparison between AUCs. Statistical significance with p<0.05.
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Abstract
Background

An ideal test to evaluate the inflammatory burden in ulcerative colitis is still an unmet need. Fecal calprotectin (FCP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have significant limitations. Plasma calprotectin (PC) seems to be promising in inflammatory diseases, but its value in IBD is still to be determined. Our aim was to assess whether PC correlates with inflammatory activity in UC.

Methods

Prospective single center cohort study. Consecutive patients previously diagnosed with UC undergoing endoscopy were included (June 2021–September 2022). Demographic, clinical, analytical (CRP, PC and FCP), endoscopic and histologic data was collected at the time of colonoscopy. PC was assessed with Gentian Calprotectin Immunoassay and, in a subgroup of patients, also with QUANTA Flash Circulating Calprotectin from INOVA.

Results

Inclusion of 98 patients (60.2% male) with a median age 49 (38–61) years. The extent of colitis was distal in 12 (12.2%), left-sided in 49 (50%), and extensive in 37 (37.8%). Mesalazine was taken by 65 (66.3%) patients, with biologic monotherapy used in 24 (24.5%) and combination therapy in 6 (6.1%). Clinical, endoscopic and histological remission were detected, in 56 (57.1%), 48 (49%) and in 55 (56.1%) patients, respectively.

Comparing MES 0/1 vs MES 2/3, a statistically significant difference was found with PC, CRP and FCP. Concerning endoscopic (MES=1) and histological (GS<2) remission, FCP was the only biomarker able to detect these outcomes. PC (Gentian) and PCi (INOVA) were highly correlated with CRP.

Conclusion

PC has low value in distinguishing patients in remission from patients with endoscopic or histologic activity in UC. This essential role must continue be played by FCP.

Keywords:
Plasma calprotectin
Fecal calprotectin
Ulcerative colitis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Resumen
Introducción

Existe la necesidad de disponer de un examen ideal para evaluar la carga inflamatoria en la colitis ulcerosa (CU). La calprotectina fecal (FCP) y la proteína C reactiva (PCR) presentan limitaciones significativas. La calprotectina plasmática (PC) parece prometedora en enfermedades inflamatorias, pero su valor en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal aún está por determinarse. Nuestro objetivo fue valuar si la PC se correlaciona con la actividad inflamatoria en la CU.

Métodos

Estudio de cohortes prospectivo en un solo centro. Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos previamente diagnosticados de CU mediante endoscopia (junio 2021-septiembre 2022). Se recopilaron datos demográficos, clínicos, analíticos (PCR, PC y FCP), endoscópicos e histológicos en el momento de la colonoscopia. Se evaluó la PC con el inmunoensayo de calprotectina Gentian y, en un subgrupo de pacientes, también con QUANTA Flash Circulating Calprotectin de INOVA.

Resultados

Un total de 98 pacientes fueron incluidos (60,2% hombres), con una edad media de 49 (38-61) años. La extensión de la colitis fue distal en 12 (12,2%), izquierda en 49 (50%) y extensa en 37 (37,8%). Mesalazina fue tomada por 65 (66,3%) pacientes, con monoterapia biológica en 24 (24,5%) y terapia combinada en 6 (6,1%). Se detectó remisión clínica, endoscópica e histológica, respectivamente, en 56 (57,1%), 48 (49%) y 55 (56,1%) pacientes.

Al comparar MES 0/1 vs. MES 2/3, se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa con PC, PCR y FCP. En cuanto a la remisión endoscópica (MES=1) e histológica (GS2), la FCP fue el único biomarcador capaz de detectar estos resultados. PC (Gentian) y PC (INOVA) mostraron una alta correlación con la PCR.

Conclusión

La PC tiene poco valor para distinguir a los pacientes en remisión de los pacientes con actividad endoscópica o histológica en la CU. Este papel esencial debe seguir siendo desempeñado por la FCP.

Palabras clave:
Calprotectina plasmática
Calprotectina fecal
Colitis ulcerosa
Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal

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