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Vol. 159. Issue 4.
Pages 195-204 (August 2022)
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Vol. 159. Issue 4.
Pages 195-204 (August 2022)
Revisión
Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis
Visits
217
Pilar Brito-Zeróna,b, Roberto Pérez-Álvarezb,c, Manuel Ramos-Casalsb,d,e,
Corresponding author
mramos@clinic.cat

Autor para correspondencia.
a Research and Innovation Group in Autoimmune Diseases, Sanitas Digital Hospital, Hospital-CIMA-Centre Mèdic Millenium Balmes Sanitas, Barcelona, España
b Línea de Investigación en Sarcoidosis del GEAS, Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI), Madrid, España
c Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital San Rafael, La Coruña, España
d Servicio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes, ICMiD, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
e Departament de Medicina, Universtat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Resumen

La sarcoidosis es una enfermedad autoinmune y sistémica que se asocia al desarrollo de granulomas no caseificantes. Afecta especialmente a los ganglios linfáticos, los pulmones, la piel y los ojos. Es una enfermedad poco frecuente pero no rara, especialmente en el norte de Europa, EE. UU. y la India. La sarcoidosis afecta más a mujeres y se diagnostica entre los 30 y los 50 años. Etiopatogénicamente está muy vinculada a factores ambientales, especialmente exposiciones laborales. Clínicamente destaca por una gran variedad de fenotipos de presentación (diagnóstico casual, afectación de un único órgano o presentación sistémica). Su diagnóstico es complejo y requiere la integración de datos clínicos, analíticos, radiológicos e histológicos en unidades clínicas multidisciplinares. La evolución es muy heterogénea y variable, así como la indicación de tratamiento, basado en los glucocorticoides en primera línea, el uso de inmunodepresores como segunda línea terapéutica y los anticuerpos anti-TNF en casos graves y/o refractarios.

Palabras clave:
Sarcoidosis
Granulomas
Enfermedad autoinmune
Corticoides
Infliximab
Abstract

Sarcoidosis is a systemic autoimmune disease that is associated with the development of non-caseating granulomas. The disease especially affects the lymph nodes, lungs, skin and eyes. It is an infrequent but not rare disease, especially in northern Europe, the United States and India. Sarcoidosis affects more women and is diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 50. Etiopathogenically, it is closely linked to environmental factors, especially occupational exposures. Clinically, it stands out for a wide variety of presentation phenotypes (casual diagnosis, involvement of a single organ or systemic presentation). The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is complex and requires the integration of clinical, analytical, radiological, and histolopathogical data carried out by multidisciplinary clinical units. The evolution of the disease is variable, as is the indication for systemic treatment, based on the use of corticosteroids as first-line option, the use of immunosuppressants as second-line therapy, and anti-TNF agents in severe and/or refractory cases.

Keywords:
Sarcoidosis
Granulomas
Autoimmune disease
Corticosteroids
Infliximab

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