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Inicio Medicina Clínica Asma relacionada con la inhalación de Plantago ovata
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Vol. 116. Issue 1.
Pages 20-22 (January 2001)
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Vol. 116. Issue 1.
Pages 20-22 (January 2001)
Asma relacionada con la inhalación de Plantago ovata
Asthma related to inhalation of Plantago ovata
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Ana María Alemán, Santiago Quirce, Cristina Bombín, Joaquín Sastre
Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Servicio de Alergia. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
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Fundamentos

El psyllium, obtenido de semillas de Plantago ovata, se utiliza como laxante de volumen. Se ha descrito que puede actuar como un alergeno por vía inhalatoria, fundamentalmente en el medio laboral. Presentamos un caso clínico de asma por semillas de P. ovata, destacando el potencial alergénico de esta sustancia de uso frecuente como laxante. Se trata de una paciente de 31 años de edad, fumadora y atópica, que desde hacía unos 3 años preparaba y administraba en su domicilio, a su madre incapacitada, dos sobres diarios de un laxante con semillas de P. ovata (Plantaben®).

Métodos Y Resultados

Se realizaron pruebas cutáneas de hipersensibilidad inmediata (prick ) con un extracto de psyllium, resultando positivas. Se detectó IgE específica a P. ovata mediante técnica ELISA. El test de inhalación bronquial con metacolina reveló una hiperreactividad bronquial leve (PC20 = 1,5 mg/ml). En el test de provocación bronquial específico con psyllium se obtuvo una respuesta inmediata. Los alergenos responsables se identificaron mediante SDSPAGE e inmunoblot, observándose varios componentes alergénicos con pesos moleculares aparentes de 66 kDa, 60 kDa, entre 36-20 kDa y de 14 kDa. Se investigó si existía reactividad cruzada con el polen de Plantago lanceolata, lo que se descartó mediante ensayo de ELISA-inhibición.

Conclusiones

El psyllium puede actuar como un potente alergeno capaz de causar asma, no sólo en el medio laboral, sino también en ambiente doméstico a los propios consumidores del laxante o a los familiares que los dispensan.

Palabras Clave:
Alergenos
Hiperreactividad bronquial
Laxantes
Psyllium
Plantago ovata
Provocación bronquial específica
Background

Psyllium is the seed of the plant Plantago ovata, which is widely used in nonprescription laxatives. It has been reported that psyllium powder may act as an inhalant allergen, especially in the workplace. A patient with asthma due to inhalation of P. ovata seed powder is described, being highlighted the allergenic potential of this substance frequently used as a laxative. We report a 31 year-old atopic woman, who handled and prepared at home, twice daily, a laxative containing P. ovata seeds (Plantaben®) prescribed to her paralytic mother.

Methods and Results

Skin prick test to psyllium powder extract was positive. Specific IgE antibodies to psyllium were positive as determined by ELISA. Methacholine inhalation test revealed mild bronchial hyperresponsiveness (PC20 = 1.5 mg/ml). Specific bronchial challenge to psyllium powder elicited an isolated early asthmatic response. The allergens in psyllium were investigated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting, being identified several allergenic components with an apparent molecular weight of 66, 60, 36-20 and 14 kDa. No cross-reactivity was found between P. ovata seed and P. lanceolata pollen, as determined by ELISA-inhibition.

Conclusion

Psyllium may act as a potent inhalant allergen capable of eliciting asthma symptoms, not only in an occupational context, but also in a domestic environment, affecting consumers of this laxative or relatives who handle it.

Keywords:
Allergens
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
Laxatives
Psyllium
Plantago ovata
Bronchial challenge test

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