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Inicio Medicina Clínica Comparación de dos modelos de educación para pacientes asmáticos
Journal Information
Vol. 116. Issue 11.
Pages 408-412 (January 2001)
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Vol. 116. Issue 11.
Pages 408-412 (January 2001)
Originales
Comparación de dos modelos de educación para pacientes asmáticos
Comparison of two forms of education for asthmatic patients
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Pablo Martín Olmedo, Antonio León Jiménez
Corresponding author
alj01@nacom.es

Dr. A. León Jiménez. Ubrique, 40. 11500 El Puerto de Santa María. Cádiz.
, Juan Manuel Gómez Gutiérrez
Sección de Neumología Servicios de Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar. Cádiz.
Encarnación Benítez Rodrígueza, Alipio Mangas Rojasb
a Medicina Preventiva y Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar. Cádiz.
b Medicina Interna Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar. Cádiz.
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Article information
Fundamento

La educación es una pieza básica para el tratamiento de los pacientes asmáticos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer si una intervención educativa intensiva y en grupos mejoraba los resultados de una intervención educativa simplificada e individualizada, ambas con plan de autotratamiento.

Pacientes Y Método

Estudio prospectivo aleatorio de 12 meses de duración. Se incluyó a 73 pacientes con asma de moderada a grave distribuidos de forma aleatoria en dos grupos. El grupo control recibió una intervención educativa individual y simplificada con plan de autotratamiento incluido, y el grupo estudio asistió a una «escuela de asma» donde recibió una educación más intensiva.

Las variables principales fueron: ingresos hospitalarios, ingresos en la sala de observación, visitas a urgencias, visitas no programadas al médico de cabecera, conocimientos sobre asma, cumplimiento, técnica inhalatoria, función pulmonar, medidas de control ambiental y calidad de vida.

Resultados

Al cabo de 12 meses de seguimiento los indicadores de morbilidad habían mejorado en ambos grupos, pero el número de ingresos en la sala de observación (p = 0,028) y las visitas no programadas al médico de cabecera (p = 0,022) fueron significativamente menores en el grupo de estudio. También fueron mejores las medidas de control ambiental, el conocimiento (p = 0,007) y la técnica inhalatoria. No se registraron diferencias en cuanto a la función pulmonar, la calidad de vida o el cumplimieno del tratamiento.

Conclusiones

En pacientes con asma una intervención educativa intensiva y administrada en pequeños grupos consigue mejores resultados en cuanto a morbilidad, conocimientos, técnica inhalatoria y medidas de control ambiental que una intervención en consulta de forma individual.

Palabras clave:
Asma
Educación
Autocontrol
Background

The education programs have demonstrated to be an important point in the management of asthmatic patients. The aim of the present study was to assess if an intensive group asthma education program was able to improve a simplified and individual asthma education program, both with a self-management plan included.

Patients and Method

A prospective randomised controlled trial was conducted over 12 months and 73 moderate-severe asthmatic patients were included. Patients were randomly assigned to control or study group. Patients in control group received individual and simplified education with a self-management plan and patients in study group attended an «asthma school» in small groups where they received a three hours education program in three weeks. The outcome measures were: number of hospital admissions, observation unit admissions, emergency visits and unscheduled general practice consultations. Knowledge, adherence to treatment, ability with inhaler devices, airway function, environmental control measures and quality of life. They were assessed at the beginning and the end of the study.

Results

At the end of the study period the outcome of morbidity had improved in both groups but the number of observation unit admissions (p = 0.028) and unscheduled general practice consultations (p = 0.022) was substantially lower in study group. This group also demonstrated improvement in environmental control measures and better inhaler technique and knowledge (p = 0.007). In adherence, lung function or quality of life there were no differences between groups.

Conclusions

In patients with asthma better results can be obtained with an intensive group asthma education program than with the individual and simplified program.

Key words:
Asthma
Patient education
Self-management

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