Journal Information
Vol. 126. Issue S1.
Pages 56-60 (January 2006)
Vol. 126. Issue S1.
Pages 56-60 (January 2006)
Mecanismos de resistencia a la terapéutica antifúngica
Mechanisms of resistance to antifungal therapy
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La resistencia a los antifúngicos presenta implicaciones importantes en la morbilidad y la mortalidad de las micosis; las consecuencias clínicas de esta resistencia se observan en los fallos en el tratamiento y en los cambios en la prevalencia de las especies fúngicas. Desaparecidas en gran medida las resistencias al fluconazol asociadas con el tratamiento y la profilaxis de la candidiasis orofaríngea en pacientes infectados por el VIH, los estudios recientes con aislamientos de hemocultivos sugieren que la resistencia a los antifúngicos no supone un problema terapéutico significativo. Sin embargo, los hongos son organismos que presentan una gran plasticidad ante los cambios ambientales y se han descrito mecanismos de resistencia a los principales grupos de antifúngicos. Por analogía con lo observado con los antibacterianos, el uso más frecuente de antifúngicos podría producir un aumento en la resistencia microbiana a estos fármacos.
Palabras clave:
Antifúngicos
Resistencia
Mecanismos
Azoles
Polienos
Equinocandinas
Resistance to antifungal agents has important implications in morbidity and mortality associated with mycoses. The clinical consequences of this resistance can been observed in treatment failure and changes in the prevalence of fungal species. Resistances to fluconazole associated with the treatment and prophylaxis of oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients with HIV infection have largely disappeared, and recent studies with isolates from blood cultures suggest that resistance to antifungal agents does not constitute a significant therapeutic problem. However, fungi are organisms that present great plasticity with regard to environmental changes, and mechanisms of resistance to the main groups of antifungal agents have been described. Through analogy with what has been observed with antibacterial agents, more frequent use of antifungal agents could increase microbial resistance to these drugs.
Keywords:
Antifungal agents
Resistance
Mechanisms
Azoles
Polyenes
Echinocandins
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