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Inicio Medicina Clínica Modulación del efecto incretina en el tratamiento de la diabetes
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Vol. 143. Issue S2.
Agonistas del receptor del GLP-1
Pages 8-11 (September 2014)
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Vol. 143. Issue S2.
Agonistas del receptor del GLP-1
Pages 8-11 (September 2014)
Modulación del efecto incretina en el tratamiento de la diabetes
Modulation of the incretin effect in the treatment of diabetes
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Josep Vidal
Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
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Resumen

La modulación del efecto incretina ha abierto una nueva estrategia en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). La potenciación de este mecanismo fisiológico se ha conseguido hasta la fecha por dos vías. De una parte, la inhibición farmacológica de la enzima que degrada fisiológicamente a péptido similar al glucagón-1 (GLP-1), la dipeptidil peptidasa-4 (DPP-4). Por otra, el desarrollo de moléculas agonistas del receptor de GLP-1 (arGLP-1) resistentes a la acción de la DPP-4. Distintos ensayos clínicos han demostrado la mayor eficacia clínica de los arGLP-1, lo cual parecería ligado al alcance de mayores niveles circulantes de GLP-1. En contrapartida, esta parece ser la base también de la mayor tasa de efectos adversos asociados al tratamiento con arGLP-1 en comparación con la inhibición de DPP-4. La valoración de estas y otras características diferenciadoras de ambas familias de fármacos deberá marcar nuestra elección en el tratamiento personalizado de la hiperglucemia en el paciente con DM2.

Palabras clave:
Análogo GLP-1
Análogo receptor GLP-1
Diabetes
GIP
GLP-1
Glucagón
Incretina
Inhibidor DPP-4
Vaciamiento gástrico
Abstract

Modulation of the incretin effect has opened up a new strategy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). To date, this physiological mechanism has been boosted in two ways: firstly, by pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme that physiologically degrades glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4); secondly, through the development of GLP-1 agonists (GLP-1a) that are resistant to the action of DPP-4. Several clinical trials have shown the clinical superiority of GLPa, which seems to be linked to higher circulating levels of GLP-1. On the other hand, this higher efficacy also seems to be associated with the higher rate of adverse effects associated with aGLP-1 therapy compared with DPP-4 inhibition. These and other differentiating characteristics of the two drug families will determine the choice of drug therapy in the personalized treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with DM2.

Keywords:
GLP-1 analog
GLP-1 analog receptor
Diabetes
GIP
GLP-1
Glucagon
Incretin
DPP-4 inhibitor
Gastric emptying

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