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Vol. 114. Issue 3.
Pages 85-88 (January 2000)
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Vol. 114. Issue 3.
Pages 85-88 (January 2000)
Presión arterial nocturna y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con hipertensión arterial
Nocturnal blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients
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Fernando Cobo Martínez, Blas Gil Extremera**, Antonia Maldonado Martín, Juan de Dios Luna Castillo, Fabiola Muñoz Parra, Francisca Huertas Hernández, M.a Teresa León-Espinosa de los Monteros, M.a Fuensanta Ruiz López
Unidad de Hipertensión y Lípidos. Servicio de Medicina Interna A. Hospital Clínico San Cecilio. Granada
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Fundamento

La presión arterial tiene un ritmo nictameral. En la mayoría de las personas, éstadesciende entre un 10-20% durante la noche (condición dipper). Estas variaciones circadianasson medidas por monitorización ambulatoria continua de la presión arterial (MAPA). Estudiamosen pacientes hipertensos la posible relación entre el descenso nocturno de la presión arterialy los factores de riesgo cardiovascular.

Métodos

Se seleccionan 100 pacientes hipertensos de la Unidad de Hipertensión y Lípidos delHospital Clínico San Cecilio de Granada. Se establecieron dos grupos: dipper y no dipper, segúnhubiera o no descenso superior al 10% de PAS y PAD nocturna. A los pacientes incluidosen el estudio se les realizó anamnesis, exploración física, exploraciones complementarias, conanálisis de sangre y orina y MAPA mediante el sistema Space Labs.

Resultados

Se apreció una frecuencia cardíaca significativamente superior (p = 0,0253) en hipertensosdipper respecto a los no dipper. Los no dipper tuvieron valores de creatinina plasmáticasuperiores (p = 0,0343) y de potasemia inferiores (p = 0,0140) a los dipper. Los dipperpresentaron concentraciones de cHDL significativamente más elevadas (p = 0,008) que los nodipper, y valores de PAD diurna (p = 0,0211) asimismo más elevados.

Conclusiones

Los hipertensos no dipper tienen un mayor número de factores de riesgo cardiovascular,mayor tendencia a la lesión renal y peor pronóstico que los dipper.

Palabras clave:
Presión arterial nocturna
Monitorización ambulatoria de presión arterial
Factores de riesgo cardiovascular
Hipertensión
Dipper
Background

Blood pressure (BP) has a circardian rhythm. Most of the people presents a BPfall between 10-20% during nighttime hours (dipper condition). Measurement of these circadianvariations is performed by continuous blood pressure ambulatory monitoring. We have studiedthe possible relation between blood pressure nocturnal fall and cardiovascular risk factorsin hypertensive patients.

Methods

We selected 100 hypertensive patients from the Hypertension and Lipids Unit of SanCecilio University Hospital of Granada, Spain. They were divided into two groups: dippers groupand non-dippers, depending of whether or not the fall of nocturnal systolic and diastolic BPwas > 10%. All patients included in the study underwent complete clinical history, exhaustivephysical examination, complementary examinations, urine and hematology tests, and continuousblood pressure ambulatory monitoring by the Space Labs system.

Results

The heart rate was found to be significantly higher (p = 0.0253) in the hypertensivedippers group than in the non-dippers. The latter showed higher plasma creatinine values (p =0.0343) and lower potassemia values (p = 0.0140) than the dippers group. The dippers grouppresented concentrations of HDL-cholesterol significantly higher (p = 0.008) and diurnal diastolicBP values (p = 0.0211) also higher than the other group.

Conclusions

Non dippers hypertensive patients present a higher number of cardiovascular riskfactors as well as a higher tendency to renal lesions, and worse prognosis than the dippersgroup.

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