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Inicio Medicina Clínica Resistencia de Mycobacterium tuberculosis en Zaragoza (1993–1997) y factores a...
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Vol. 115. Issue 16.
Pages 605-609 (January 2000)
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Vol. 115. Issue 16.
Pages 605-609 (January 2000)
Resistencia de Mycobacterium tuberculosis en Zaragoza (1993–1997) y factores asociados
Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zaragoza, Spain (1993–1997) and related factors.
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1580
Luis Torresa,
Corresponding author
med023023@nacom.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet.P.o Isabel la Católica, 1–3. 50009 Zaragoza
, Piedad Arazob, Juan Blas Pérezcc, María del Pilar Amadord, María Antonia Lezcanoa, María José Revilloa, Juan Bautista García-Moyaa
a Servicio de Microbiología y Hospital General San Jorge. Huesca.
b Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza.
c Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Provincial.Huesca.
d Servicio de Farmacia. Hospital General San Jorge. Huesca.
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Fundamento

Conocer la frecuencia de resistencias de Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zaragozay estudiar los factores asociados.

Pacientes y método

Estudio transversal de la sensibilidad de Mycobacterium tuberculosis el Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet (Zaragoza) entre 1993 y 1997; el método utilizado fue el de las proporciones. Se realizó un análisis estadístico con pruebas convencionales utilizando un nivel de significación de p < 0,05.

Resultados

Se estudiaron 428 pacientes con cultivo positivo frente a Mycobacterium tuberculosis: 136 (31,8%) VIH positivos, 121 (28,3%) VIH negativos y en 171 (39,9%) no constaba la serología. Las resistencias al menos a un fármaco se observaron en 47 pacientes (10,9%). En 22 fueron primarias (5,9%) y en 25 pacientes fueron adquiridas (42,4%). La resistencia primaria observada en los VIH positivos fue del 9,2%, mientras que en los VIH negativos fue del 7,5%; la resistencia adquirida también fue mayor en los pacientes infectados por el VIH, 51,8% frente al 42,8% de los seronegativos. Cuando se comparó la aparición de resistencias entre ambos colectivos, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. En 20 pacientes aparecieron resistencias múltiples (4,7%), y 10 (2,3%) lo eran al menos a isoniacida y rifampicina. Los factores asociados con la aparición de resistencia adquirida fueron: hábito enólico (odds ratio[OR] = 2,65; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,24–5,65), usuarios de drogas por vía parenteral (OR = 2,33; IC del 95%, 1,05–5,17), episodios previos de tuberculosis (OR = 109,40; IC del 95%, 15,02–796,43) y ser transeúnte (OR = 3,75; IC del 95%, 1,26–11,17); cuando estudiamos la resistencia primaria, no encontramos diferencias significativas entre los diferentes factores de riesgo.

Conclusiones

El porcentaje de resistencias a M. tuberculosis observado en Zaragoza es similar a otros descritos en diferentes regiones de España. No se han observado diferencias significativas entre seropositivos y seronegativos para el VIH. Los factores asociados significativamente con la aparición de resistencia adquirida fueron: hábito enólico, adicción a drogas por vía parenteral, episodios previos de tuberculosis y ser transeúnte.

Palabras clave:
Tuberculosis
VIH
Resistencia microbiana a los medicamentos
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Background

To know the frequency of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis a general hospital and the related factors.

Patients and method

Transversal study of the sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis the Hospital Miguel Servet (Zaragoza, Spain) between 1993–1997; the proportions method was used to study the susceptibility. Statistical analysis of conventional tests and significance level at p < 0.05 were performed.

Results

Four hundred and twenty height patients with culture positive to Mycobacterium tuberculosiswere studied; 136 (31.8%) were HIV+, 121 (28.3%) were HIV– and in 171 (39.9%) this situation was unknown. In 47 patients (10.9%) the strains isolated were resistant at least to one drug. Primary resistance was 5.9% (22 patients) and acquired resistance was 42.4% (25 patients). Primary resistance in HIV+ patients was 9.2% and in HIV– patients was 7.5%; acquired resistance in HIV+ patients was greater than in HIV– patients (51.8% vs 42.8%). When we compared the resistances between both HIV+ and HIV– patients we did not find significant differences. Twenty isolates (4.7%) were resistant to more than one drug and 10 (2.3%) were resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin. The risk factors for acquired resistance were alcohol (odds ratio[OR] = 2.65; 95% CI, 1.24–5.65), drugs users (OR = 2.33; 95% CI, 1.05–5.17), previous episodes of tuberculosis (OR = 109.40; 95% CI, 15.02–796.43) and homeless (OR = 3.75; 95% CI, 1.26–11.17); we did not find significant differences between the different risk factors according to primary resistance.

Conclusions

On one study, the resistance of M. tuberculosisis similar to other described in Spain. We haven't found significant differences between both seropositive and seronegative patients. The risk factors for acquired resistance were alcoholism, drug users, previous episodes of tuberculosis and homeless. Med Clin (Barc)2000; 115: 605–609.

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