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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Chronic use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors in hypertensive COVI...
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Vol. 158. Issue 7.
Pages 315-323 (April 2022)
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Vol. 158. Issue 7.
Pages 315-323 (April 2022)
Original article
Chronic use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors in hypertensive COVID-19 patients: Results from a Spanish registry and meta-analysis
Uso crónico de los inhibidores del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona en pacientes con COVID-19 e hipertensión arterial: Resultados de un registro español y metaanálisis
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Álvaro Aparisia,
Corresponding author
alvaro_aparisi@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Pablo Cataláa, Ignacio J. Amat-Santosa,b, Marta Marcos-Mangasa, Diego López-Oterob,c, Carlos Verasa, Javier López-Paisb,c, Gonzalo Cabezón-Villalbaa, Carla Eugenia Cacho Antonioc, Jordi Candelaa, Pablo Antúnez-Muiñosc, José Francisco Gila, Teba González Ferreroc, Gino Rojasa, Marta Pérez-Pozac, Aitor Uribarria,b, Oscar Otero-Garcíac, Pablo Elpidio García-Granjaa,b, Víctor Jiménez Ramosc, Ana Revillaa,b..., Carlos Dueñasd, Itzíar Gómeza,b, José Ramón González-Juanateyb,c, J. Alberto San Romána,bVer más
a Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red – Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Spain
c Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
d Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
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Figures (1)
Tables (4)
Table 1. Baseline characteristics and main features of hypertensive vs. non-hypertensive patients admitted due to coronavirus disease 2019.
Table 2. Baseline characteristics and main features during admission of hypertensive hospitalized patients according to chronic anti-hypertensive baseline treatment.
Table 3. Baseline Characteristics and main features of the matched hypertensive cohort with chronic angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers with COVID-19.
Table 4. Predictors of all-cause mortality in the study hypertensive population.
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Abstract
Background

Hypertension is a prevalent condition among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Whether renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors are beneficial or harmful is controversial.

Methods

We have performed a national retrospective, nonexperimental comparative study from two tertiary hospitals to evaluate the impact of chronic use of RAAS inhibitors in hypertensive COVID-19 patients. A meta-analysis was performed to strengthen our findings.

Results

Of 849 patients, 422 (49.7%) patients were hypertensive and 310 (73.5%) were taking RAAS inhibitors at baseline. Hypertensive patients were older, had more comorbidities, and a greater incidence of respiratory failure (−0.151 [95% CI −0.218, −0.084]). Overall mortality in hypertensive patients was 28.4%, but smaller among those with prescribed RAAS inhibitors before (−0.167 [95% CI −0.220, −0.114]) and during hospitalization (0.090 [−0.008,0.188]). Similar findings were observed after two propensity score matches that evaluated the benefit of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers among hypertensive patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of hypertensive patients found that age, diabetes mellitus, C-reactive protein, and renal failure were independently associated with all-cause mortality. On the contrary, ACEIs decreased the risk of death (OR 0.444 [95% CI 0.224–0.881]). Meta-analysis suggested a protective benefit of RAAS inhibitors (OR 0.6 [95% CI 0.42–0.8]) among hypertensive COVID-19.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that RAAS inhibitors may play a protective role in hypertensive COVID-19 patients. This finding was supported by a meta-analysis of the current evidence. Maintaining these medications during hospital stay may not negatively affect COVID-19 outcomes.

Keywords:
Hypertension
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
Meta-analysis
Resumen
Introducción

La hipertensión es una condición prevalente entre los pacientes infectados por el SARS-CoV-2. Es controvertido si los inhibidores del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (SRAA) son beneficiosos o perjudiciales.

Métodos

Hemos desarrollado un estudio comparativo nacional retrospectivo y no experimental en 2 hospitales terciarios para evaluar el impacto del uso crónico de inhibidores del SRAA en pacientes hipertensos con COVID-19. Se realizó un metaanálisis para reforzar los hallazgos.

Resultados

De 849 pacientes, 422 (49,7%) eran hipertensos y 310 (73,5%) tomaban inhibidores del SRAA al inicio del estudio. Los pacientes hipertensos eran mayores, tenían más comorbilidades y una mayor incidencia de insuficiencia respiratoria (−0,151; IC 95%: [−0,218; −0,084]). La mortalidad global en los pacientes hipertensos fue del 28,4%, pero fue menor entre los que tenían prescritos inhibidores del SRAA antes (−0,167; IC 95%: [−0,220; −0,114]) y durante la hospitalización (0,090; [−0,008; 0,188]). Se observaron hallazgos similares tras 2 emparejamientos de puntuación de propensión que evaluaron el beneficio de los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina y los bloqueadores de los receptores de angiotensina entre los pacientes hipertensos. El análisis de regresión logística multivariante de los pacientes hipertensos reveló que la edad, la diabetes mellitus, la proteína C reactiva y la insuficiencia renal se asociaban de forma independiente con la mortalidad por todas las causas. Por el contrario, los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina disminuyeron el riesgo de muerte (OR 0,444; IC 95%: 0,224-0,881). El metaanálisis indicó un beneficio protector de los inhibidores del SRAA (OR 0,6; IC 95%: 0,42-0,8) entre los hipertensos con COVID-19.

Conclusión

Nuestros datos indican que los inhibidores del SRAA pueden desempeñar un papel protector en los pacientes hipertensos con COVID-19. Este hallazgo fue apoyado por un metaanálisis de la evidencia actual. Su mantenimiento durante la estancia hospitalaria puede no afectar negativamente a los resultados de la COVID-19.

Palabras clave:
Hipertensión arterial
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina
Antagonistas de los receptores de la angiotensina II
Metaanális

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