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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Encephalitis as a neurological manifestation of COVID-19
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Vol. 157. Issue 3.
Pages 141-143 (August 2021)
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Vol. 157. Issue 3.
Pages 141-143 (August 2021)
Clinical report
Encephalitis as a neurological manifestation of COVID-19
Encefalitis como manifestación neurológica del COVID-19
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346
Herminia Lozano Gómez
Corresponding author
fiex_hermi1990@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Ana Pascual Bielsa, Paula Abansés Moreno, María Pilar Luque Gómez, Almudena Matute Guerrero, Juan José Araiz Burdio
Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zargoza, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

In the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the different clinical manifestations of this infection pose a challenge for healthcare professionals. Respiratory involvement, the main symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection, means that other manifestations, such as neurological, take a back seat, with the consequent delay in diagnosis and treatment.

Material and methods

All COVID-19 patients admitted with neurological symptoms or diagnosed with encephalitis since March 2020 in a tertiary hospital in Zaragoza, Spain.

Results

Two patients with COVID-19 infection confirmed by nasopharyngeal PCR and whose clinical picture consisted of neurological alterations compatible with encephalitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microbiology was negative for bacteria and viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 but, given the clinical suspicion of encephalitis due to the latter, antiviral treatment with immunoglobulins and plasmapheresis was started early. Despite this, the evolution was not satisfactory.

Conclusions

COVID-19 encephalitis is a recently described clinical entity, whose pathophysiology is still unknown and no treatment with clinical evidence is available to date.

Keywords:
Encephalitis
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
Neurology
Neurological manifestations
Resumen
Introducción

En el contexto de la pandemia mundial por COVID-19, las distintas manifestaciones clínicas de esta infección suponen un reto para los profesionales sanitarios. La afectación respiratoria, síntoma principal de la infección por SARS-CoV-2, hace que otras manifestaciones, como las neurológicas, pasen a un segundo plano, con el consecuente retraso en el diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Material y métodos

Todo paciente COVID-19 que ha ingresado con sintomatología neurológica o diagnosticado de encefalitis desde Marzo de 2020 en un hospital de tercer nivel en Zaragoza, España.

Resultados

Dos pacientes con infección COVID-19 confirmada por PCR nasofaríngea y cuyo cuadro clínico consistía en alteraciones neurológicas compatibles con encefalitis. La microbiología del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) fue negativa para bacterias y virus, incluido el SARS-CoV-2 pero, ante la sospecha clínica de encefalitis por este último, se instauró tratamiento antiviral, con inmunoglobulinas y plasmaféresis de forma precoz. A pesar de ello la evolución no fue satisfactoria.

Conclusiones

La encefalitis por COVID-19 es una entidad clínica descrita recientemente, cuya fisiopatología aún se desconoce y no se dispone, hasta la fecha, de un tratamiento con evidencia clínica.

Palabras clave:
Encefalitis
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
Neurología
Manifestaciones neurológicas

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