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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Hospitalization following an emergency-department visit for worsening heart fail...
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Vol. 159. Issue 4.
Pages 157-163 (August 2022)
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Vol. 159. Issue 4.
Pages 157-163 (August 2022)
Original article
Hospitalization following an emergency-department visit for worsening heart failure: The role of left ventricular ejection fraction
Hospitalización tras una visita a urgencias por empeoramiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca: el papel de la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo
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Anna Mollara,b, Miguel Lorenzoa,1, Amparo Villaescusaa, Raquel Herediaa, Gema Miñanaa, Enrique Santasa, Rafael de la Espriellaa, Clara Sastrea,b, Jose Civeraa, Ana Martíneza, Adriana Conesaa, Juan Sanchisa,b, Eduardo Núñeza, Antoni Bayés-Genísb,c, Julio Núñeza,b,
Corresponding author
yulnunez@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
b CIBER Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
c Cardiology Service and Heart Failure Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Patients with worsening heart failure (WHF) are frequently hospitalized. However, some of the patients with WHF are discharged from the emergency department without hospitalization. The factors influencing the decision of admission are heterogeneous and, in most cases, remain not well-defined. This study aimed to analyze whether left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) influences admission decisions following a visit to the emergency department for WHF.

Patients and methods

This is a retrospective analysis of 3168 patients discharged from a hospitalization for acute heart failure in a single-center in Spain. During follow-up, visits to the emergency department for WHF, including those hospitalized (WHF-readmissions) and episodes of WHF directly discharged without hospitalization in 24h (WHF-DDWH), were recorded. The association between the LVEF categories (<50% and ≥50%) and recurrent WHF-DDWH was evaluated by negative binomial regression. Estimates of risk were expressed as incidence rate ratios (IRR).

Results

The mean age (SD) of the study sample was 73.5 (11.2) years, and 1658 (52.3%) showed LVEF>50%. At a median (percentile 25% to percentile 75%) follow-up of 2.7 (1.0–5.8) years, 3341 episodes of WHF in 1439 patients were recorded. Of them, we registered 743 episodes of WHF-DDWH in 468 patients (22.2%). Compared to patients with LVEF<50%, those with LVEF50% exhibited an adjusted increased risk of recurrent WHF-DDWH (IRR: 1.36, CI 95%: 1.13–1.62, p=0.001).

Conclusions

Following an acute heart failure admission, patients with LVEF50% showed an increased risk of same-day discharge for WHF.

Keywords:
Worsening heart failure
Emergency department
Outcomes
Left ventricular ejection fraction
Abbreviations:
WHF
WHF-DDWH
HFpEF
HFrEF
LVEF
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

Muchos de los pacientes que acuden a los servicios de urgencias (SU) por empeoramiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca (EIC) son hospitalizados, en cambio, otros son dados de alta desde el SU sin ingreso hospitalario (EIC-SUSIH). Los factores que definen esta condición son heterogéneos y no están bien establecidos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) influye en la decisión de ingresar a un paciente en el SU por EIC.

Métodos

Análisis retrospectivo de 3.168 pacientes hospitalizados por insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) aguda en un solo centro en España. Durante el seguimiento, se registraron todas las visitas al SU por EIC y se catalogaron en dos grupos según fueron resueltas: hospitalizaciones y EIC-SUSIH. La asociación entre las categorías de FEVI (< 50%-≥ 50%) y las visitas recurrentes por EIC se analizaron mediante regresión binomial negativa.

Resultados

La media de edad (desviación estándar) fue de 73,5 (1,2) años. Del total, 1.658 (52,3%) tenían FEVI > 50%. Tras una mediana de seguimiento (percentil 25%-percentil 75%) de 2,7 (1,0-5,8) años, se registraron 3.341 episodios de EIC en 1.439 pacientes y 743 casos de EIC-SUSIH en 468 pacientes (22,2%). Los pacientes con FEVI ≥ 50% mostraron un incremento del riesgo ajustado de presentar episodios recurrentes de EIC-SUSIH (Ratio de tasa incidencia (IRR): 1,36; IC 95%: 1,13-1,62; p = 0,001).

Conclusiones

Tras un ingreso por IC aguda, los pacientes con FEVI ≥ 50% que acuden al SU por EIC, presentan un mayor riesgo de ser dados de alta sin ser ingresados.

Palabras clave:
Descompensación de Insuficiencia Cardiaca
Servicios de urgencias
Eventos
Fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo

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