Influence of influenza vaccine and comorbidity on the evolution of hospitalized COVID-19 patients⋆

Abstract

Background and objective

The COVID-19 coronavirus disease outbreak is evolving around the world. Objective: To evaluate the associations between influenza vaccination and other factors and the risk of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Materials and methods

Retrospective observational study. This study was conducted among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at Hospital La Mancha Centro between March 5 and 25, 2020. Information on influenza vaccination was extracted from electronic medical records. We used a multivariate logistic regression to explore the association between influenza vaccination and mortality from COVID and other risk factors.

Results

410 patients were included. Influenza vaccine had no effect among COVID-19 hospitalized patients [OR: 1.55 (95%CI: 0.96–2.48; p = 0.071)]. Increasing hospital mortality was associated with older age [OR: 1.05 (95% CI 1.02–1.07), per year increase; p < 0.001)], Charlson ≥3 [OR: 1.84 (95%CI: 1.07–3.15, p = 0.027)] and heart failure on admission [OR: 6 (IC95%: 1.6–21.7; p = 0.007)].

Conclusions

Influenza vaccine had no effect among COVID-19 hospitalized patients. The risk factors identified were older age, higher comorbidity and heart failure on admission.

Resumen

Antecedentes y objetivo

El brote de la enfermedad COVID-19 está evolucionando en todo el mundo. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación de la vacunación antigripal y otros factores y el riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19 hospitalizados.

Materiales y métodos

Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se realizó entre pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 del Hospital La Mancha Centro entre el 5 y el 25 de marzo de 2020. Utilizamos una regresión logística multivariable para explorar la asociación entre la vacunación antigripal y la mortalidad por COVID y otros factores de riesgo.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 410 pacientes. La vacunación antigripal no tuvo efecto entre los pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 [OR: 1,55 (IC95%: 0,96–2,48; p = 0,071)]. El aumento de la mortalidad intrahospitalaria se asoció con edad avanzada [OR: 1,05, (IC95%: 1,02–1,07), por cada aumento de año; p < 0.001)], Charlson ≥ 3 [OR: 1,84 (IC95%: 1,07–3,15, p = 0,027)] e insuficiencia cardíaca al ingreso [OR: 6 (IC95%: 1,6–21,7; p = 0,007)].

Conclusiones

La vacuna antigripal no tuvo efecto en la evolución de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. Los factores de riesgo identificados fueron la edad avanzada, mayor comorbilidad e insuficiencia cardíaca al ingreso.