metricas
covid
Buscar en
Medicina Clínica (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Neuropsychiatric symptoms of patients two years after experiencing severe COVID-...
Journal Information
Vol. 163. Issue 8.
Pages 383-390 (October 2024)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 163. Issue 8.
Pages 383-390 (October 2024)
Original article
Neuropsychiatric symptoms of patients two years after experiencing severe COVID-19: A mixed observational study
Síntomas neuropsiquiátricos de los pacientes 2 años después de sufrir COVID-19 grave. Estudio observacional mixto
José Miguel Meca-Garcíaa, María Teresa Perní-Lasalaa, Tesifón Parrón-Carreñob, David Lozano-Paniaguab,
Corresponding author
dlozano@ual.es

Corresponding author.
, Gracia Castro-Lunab, Bruno José Nievas-Sorianob
a Department of Psychiatry, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, 04009 Almería, Spain
b Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
Article information
Abstract
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Tables (5)
Table 1. Sociodemographic variables and clinical conditions at 60 days.
Table 2. Monitoring of fatigue, anxiety, depression, and insomnia at different evaluation periods.
Table 3. Relationship between depression, anxiety and insomnia symptoms and scales at different evaluation periods.
Table 4. Relationship between psychiatric symptoms and fatigue in the twelfth and twenty-fourth months.
Table 5. Multiple regression analysis of the risk of suffering depressive symptoms, insomnia or anxiety adjusted for several potential risk factors.
Show moreShow less
Additional material (3)
Abstract
Background

The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) on mental health has not been extensively studied in the medium and long term. This study assessed how clinical, biological, and social factors affect mental health in patients who recovered from severe COVID-19. The evaluation was done 90 days after hospital discharge and followed up at 12 and 24 months.

Methods

A retrospective-prospective cohort mixed observational study was conducted on patients over 18 years of age who required hospitalization in Internal Medicine or ICU for severe COVID-19 pneumonia during 2020 and 2021. Demographic information, clinical variables, and data for the scales were obtained from electronic medical records and telephone interviews. For comparisons of the different variables in each clinical variable (insomnia, depression, anxiety), the Student's t-test for independent samples has been used (normal distribution); otherwise, the Mann–Whitney test will be used. All tests and intervals will be performed with a confidence level of 95. Fisher's exact or Pearson's Chi-square test has been used as appropriate for qualitative variables.

Results

201 patients were recruited. 37.3% presented insomnia, 22.4% anxiety, and 21.4% depressive symptoms. A direct association was established between female sex and depressive symptoms. Psychotropic history, fatigue, and C-reactive protein levels (CRP) were correlated with depression. Anosmia and ageusia, CRP, cognitive symptoms, and dyspnea predicted insomnia. Sex, orotracheal intubation (OTI), pain, fatigue, mental health history, and academic level were independent predictors of anxiety. High percentages of depressive, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms were detected in the second month after discharge and persisted at 12 and 24 months. The fatigue variable maintained a significant relationship with depressive symptoms at 2, 12 and 24 months. A possible limitation could be recall bias in retrospective data collection.

Conclusions

This is a novel study to follow up on mental health for two years in patients with severe COVID-19. Clinical, biological, and psychosocial variables could be predictors of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and insomnia. The psychiatric symptoms persisted throughout the 2-year follow-up. These findings are critical for the follow-up of these patients and open the possibility of further studies in the medium and long term.

Keywords:
COVID-19
Psychiatric clinic
Depression
Insomnia
Resumen
Antecedentes

El impacto de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) en la salud mental no se ha estudiado ampliamente a medio y largo plazo. Este estudio evaluó cómo los factores clínicos, biológicos y sociales afectan a la salud mental en los pacientes que se recuperaron de una COVID-19 grave. La evaluación se desarrolló 90 días después del alta hospitalaria y se realizó un seguimiento a los 12 y 24 meses.

Métodos

Se realizó un estudio observacional mixto de cohortes retrospectivo/prospectivo en los pacientes mayores de 18 años que requirieron hospitalización en medicina interna o en la UCI por neumonía grave por COVID-19 durante 2020 y 2021. La información demográfica, las variables clínicas y los datos para las escalas se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas electrónicas y de las entrevistas telefónicas. Para las comparaciones de las distintas variables en cada variable clínica (insomnio, depresión, ansiedad), se ha utilizado la prueba t de Student para muestras independientes (distribución normal); en caso contrario, se utilizará la prueba de Mann-Whitney. Todas las pruebas e intervalos se realizarán con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Para las variables cualitativas se ha utilizado la prueba exacta de Fisher o la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, según proceda.

Resultados

Se reclutaron 201 pacientes. El 37,3% presentaba insomnio, el 22,4% ansiedad y el 21,4% síntomas depresivos. Se estableció una asociación directa entre el sexo femenino y los síntomas depresivos. Los antecedentes psicotrópicos, la fatiga y los niveles de proteína C reactiva (PCR) se correlacionaron con la depresión. La anosmia y la ageusia, la PCR, los síntomas cognitivos y la disnea predijeron el insomnio. El sexo, la intubación orotraqueal (IOT), el dolor, la fatiga, los antecedentes de salud mental y el nivel académico fueron predictores independientes de la ansiedad. Los altos porcentajes de síntomas depresivos, de ansiedad y de insomnio se detectaron en el segundo mes tras el alta y persistieron a los 12 y 24 meses. La variable fatiga mantuvo una relación significativa con los síntomas depresivos a los 2, 12 y 24 meses. Una posible limitación podría ser el sesgo de recuerdo en la recogida retrospectiva de datos.

Conclusiones

Se trata de un estudio novedoso de seguimiento de la salud mental durante 2 años en los pacientes con COVID-19 grave. Las variables clínicas, biológicas y psicosociales podrían ser predictores de síntomas depresivos, ansiedad e insomnio. Los síntomas psiquiátricos persistieron durante los 2 años de seguimiento. Estos hallazgos son críticos para el seguimiento de estos pacientes y abren la posibilidad de nuevos estudios a medio y largo plazo.

Palabras clave:
COVID-19
Clínica psiquiátrica
Depresión
Insomnio

Article

These are the options to access the full texts of the publication Medicina Clínica (English Edition)
Subscriber
Subscriber

If you already have your login data, please click here .

If you have forgotten your password you can you can recover it by clicking here and selecting the option “I have forgotten my password”
Subscribe
Subscribe to

Medicina Clínica (English Edition)

Purchase
Purchase article

Purchasing article the PDF version will be downloaded

Price 19.34 €

Purchase now
Contact
Phone for subscriptions and reporting of errors
From Monday to Friday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (GMT + 1) except for the months of July and August which will be from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Calls from Spain
932 415 960
Calls from outside Spain
+34 932 415 960
E-mail
Article options
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos