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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Update in mild traumatic brain injury
Journal Information
Vol. 149. Issue 3.
Pages 122-127 (August 2017)
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Vol. 149. Issue 3.
Pages 122-127 (August 2017)
Review
Update in mild traumatic brain injury
Actualización en el traumatismo craneoencefálico leve
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4
María Dolores Freire-Aragón, Ana Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Juan José Egea-Guerrero
Corresponding author
jjegeaguerrero@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
UGC de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
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Abstract

There has been concern for many years regarding the identification of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) at high risk of developing an intracranial lesion (IL) that would require neurosurgical intervention. The small percentage of patients with these characteristics and the exceptional mortality associated with mild TBI with IL have led to the high use of resources such as computerized tomography (CT) being reconsidered. The various protocols developed for the management of mild TBI are based on the identification of risk factors for IL, which ultimately allows more selective indication or discarding both the CT application and the hospital stay for neurological monitoring. Finally, progress in the study of brain injury biomarkers with prognostic utility in different clinical categories of TBI has recently been incorporated by several clinical practice guidelines, which has allowed, together with clinical assessment, a more accurate prognostic approach for these patients to be established.

Keywords:
Mild traumatic brain injury
Intracranial lesion
Head computed tomography
Brain injury biomarkers
Resumen

Durante años ha existido preocupación por la identificación de pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) leve en alto riesgo de presentar lesión intracraneal (LI) subsidiaria de intervención neuroquirúrgica. El pequeño porcentaje de pacientes de estas características, y la mortalidad excepcional ligada al TCE leve con LI, han llevado a reconsiderar la elevada utilización de recursos como la tomografía craneal (TC). Los diversos protocolos desarrollados para el manejo del TCE leve se basan en la identificación de factores de riesgo de presentar LI, lo que finalmente permite indicar o descartar selectivamente tanto la solicitud de TC como la estancia hospitalaria para la vigilancia neurológica. Finalmente, el avance realizado en el estudio de biomarcadores de lesión cerebral con utilidad de carácter pronóstico, en diferentes categorías clínicas del TCE, ha sido recientemente incorporado por diversas guías de práctica clínica, lo que ha permitido, junto con la valoración clínica, una estimación pronóstica más exacta para estos pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Traumatismo craneoencefálico leve
Lesión cerebral
Tomografía axial computarizada craneal
Biomarcadores de lesión cerebral

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