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person (COM: companion, PAT: patient); attitude (RES: responds, DNR: does not respond, RJC: rejects); nationality (SPA: Spanish, OTH: other); triage level (LV2: level 2, LV3: level 3, LV4: level 4). Those differences statistically significant are marked with an asterisk (*).</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A clinical interview is the technique used to gain information and draft the medical history, being an essential part of the medical procedure.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> To this purpose, not only theoretical and technical knowledge about the interview process is required, but also communication and social skills to address the interpersonal facet. Thus, it could be defined as that single act in which two aspects should occur almost inseparably: the first being interpersonal, where 2 people get in touch and communicate in a unique way; and the second, being a technical procedure, where the clinician's skills are at stake. Combining both of them effectively is “an art”.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand, the use of the mobile phone in daily activities is a very common practice and this is reflected, despite the restriction rules, at the doctor's office<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> during clinical practice.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Telephones cause interruptions, failure in the anamnesis, deficient explorations or, even, prescription errors.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of the notifications received on the phone and verify its relation with the collected variables.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As for the material and methods used, we proceeded to estimate the sample size for a 50% frequency, 95% confidence interval and 5% accuracy, requiring 385 patients. Finally, this size was 646 patients. To this end, a descriptive observational study was designed by consecutively selecting patients assisted in the emergency room<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> of a level 2 hospital, 4–6 days a month for 7 months. The collected variables were the following: notifications (call/WhatsApp<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span>), response (responds/does not respond/rejects or turns the volume down), person (patient/companion) and age in case of patient, gender (male/female), nationality (Spanish/other) and level of triage (1–5) only in case the telephone rings. Oral informed consent was requested and the statistical analysis was carried out with the statistical software SPSS<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span> 21.0.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following results were obtained: incidence 27.1% (95% CI: 23.81–30.64). Of the total number of notifications received (175), 77.7% were telephone calls and 22.3% were WhatsApp<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span>. There were no statistically significant differences (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.330) in notifications by gender, being 40% males and 60% females. Likewise, there were no significant differences (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.943) on who received the notification depending on their nationality, 93% being Spanish and the remaining 7% from other nationalities. However, there were significant differences (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.007) between the notification received and who received it, being 25% patients and 75% companions. In the patient group, statistically significant differences (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.037) were also found among those who received notifications via WhatsApp<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> (37.2%) and phone calls (62.8%) depending on their age. Thus, the average age of the group that received WhatsApp<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span> was 34.63 years (±16.38), while for the group of patients who received phone calls, the average age was 46.22 years (±17.42). In addition, we noted significant differences (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.001) between the notification received and the attitude adopted when it was received: 60% answered, 14% did not respond and the remaining 26% rejected the call or turned down the volume. And, finally, there were also some significant differences (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.018) between the received notifications and the level assigned in triage, being for level 2: 16%, level 3: 45% and for level 4: 39% These results are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The fact that in more than half of the cases the patients or companions respond shows how they need to transmit the patient's health status to the person who contacts them. Also, the younger they are, the more they use WhatsApp<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span>, possibly due to their greater and better use of new technologies. The level of severity, related to the triage, involves the use of the telephone in “call” mode, surely to obtain a faster response. In summary, the different attitudes gathered in our study are a true reflection of reality and despite the recommendations for restricting the use of mobile phones at the doctor's office, its use remains widespread.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Moreno Obregón F, León Jiménez D, Pedregal González M. La entrevista clínica y el teléfono móvil. Med Clin (Barc). 2019;152:e7–e8.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1191 "Ancho" => 1617 "Tamanyo" => 102398 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results in percentages of the different variables included in the study: gender (MAL: male, FEM: female); person (COM: companion, PAT: patient); attitude (RES: responds, DNR: does not respond, RJC: rejects); nationality (SPA: Spanish, OTH: other); triage level (LV2: level 2, LV3: level 3, LV4: level 4). Those differences statistically significant are marked with an asterisk (*).</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Manual de estrategias prácticas" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "F. Borrell" 1 => "Entrevista Clínica" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "2004" "editorial" => "semFYC" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Barcelona" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of secure messaging application (WhatsApp) and standard telephone usage for consultations on Length of Stay in the ED. A prospective randomized controlled study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "U. Gulacti" 1 => "U. Lok" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.4338/ACI-2017-04-RA-0064" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Appl Clin Inform" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "742" "paginaFinal" => "753" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "WhatsApp in clinical practice: a literature review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M. Mars" 1 => "R.E. 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Polat" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s10916-016-0483-8" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Med Syst" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "40" "paginaInicial" => "130" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27083574" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Considerations on the use of WhatsApp in physician–patient communication and relationship" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "L. Veneroni" 1 => "A. Ferrari" 2 => "S. Acerra" 3 => "M. Massimino" 4 => "C.A. Clerici" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1701/1940.21090" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Recenti Prog Med" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "106" "paginaInicial" => "331" "paginaFinal" => "336" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228724" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/23870206/0000015200000002/v1_201901150640/S2387020618305266/v1_201901150640/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "43309" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23870206/0000015200000002/v1_201901150640/S2387020618305266/v1_201901150640/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2387020618305266?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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