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B) Epidermal detachment and desquamation on both palms. C) Computed tomography: polylobulated mass in the pancreatic tail of 82 × 53 × 61 mm (*) compatible with primary pancreatic tumour. D) A SPECT scan using radiopharmaceutical <span class="elsevierStyleSup">111</span>In-octreotide: neoplastic process in the pancreatic tail with somatostatin receptors suggestive of glucagonoma.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) is a rare dermatosis usually associated to glucagonoma, a neuroendocrine tumour of the alpha-cells of the pancreatic islets. There is often a delay of years in the diagnosis of this neoplasm, which can be due to its low incidence rate or to its nonspecific symptoms. Below we present the case of a woman diagnosed with glucagonoma as a result of skin lesions suggestive of NME. We believe it is important to promulgate this dermatosis, as it is a clinical sign that can help establish an earlier diagnosis of the neoplasm.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present the case of a 45-year-old woman with a 2-year history of recalcitrant skin lesions without complete improvement after topical and oral corticosteroid treatment. The physical examination revealed multiple, inflammatory, erythematous to violaceous coloured, annular plaques with well-defined borders and central epidermal detachment on both legs (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A), desquamation of the palms and soles (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B), residual hyperpigmentation, and fissures. In the anamnesis, she reported asthenia, weight loss, and altered bowel rhythm including alternating constipation and mushy stools.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Due to the suspicion of a deficiency disease or NME, a blood test was performed that showed anaemia, normal levels of zinc (90 µg/dl; normal range, 59–110) and a marked elevation of glucagon (2,908 pg/mL; normal range, 50–150). An abdominal computed tomography scan was requested, which revealed a polylobulated mass of 82 × 53 × 61 mm in the pancreatic tail that infiltrated the splenic vein (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>C). A SPECT scan using the radiopharmaceutical <span class="elsevierStyleSup">111</span>In-octreotide demonstrated the presence of somatostatin receptors in the mass (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>D), allowing the final diagnosis of glucagonoma to be established.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The tumour was completely resected by distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy. After 4 weeks the glucagon concentration had normalised and the skin lesions had disappeared, with only post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation persisting. In the 4 months of follow-up after the intervention, the skin lesions have not reappeared.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The association between skin rashes and pancreatic islet tumours was first described in 1942 by Becker et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> NME is the typical cutaneous manifestation of glucagonoma syndrome, occurring in more than 70% of cases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a> The complete syndrome consists of NME, glucose intolerance, weight loss, anaemia, aminoaciduria, thromboembolic disease, psychiatric disorders, and elevated glucagon levels.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Some cases of NME associated to chronic liver disease, pancreatitis or malabsorption, instead of glucagonoma, have been described.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,4</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most patients have a diagnostic delay greater than one year. Clinically, NME is a figurate erythema that begins with vesicles or blisters that grow centrifugally causing a central epidermal detachment with erosions, scabs and residual hyperpigmentation that affects the trunk, legs, groin and perioral area with cheilitis and glossitis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,4</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histopathology is not specific, so clinical suspicion is essential to determine the diagnosis using blood analyses and imaging tests.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The finding of multiple glucagonomas may be associated with the syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN 1) also known as Wermer’s syndrome, consisting of pituitary adenomas, parathyroid hyperplasia, and pancreatic islet cell tumours.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment of glucagonoma-associated NME is usually surgical, by means of distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, achieving a rapid improvement in symptoms. Other treatments that have also had positive results include somatostatin or long-acting somatostatin analogues such as octreotide.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Bosch-Amate X, Riera-Monroig J, Iranzo Fernández P. Eritema necrolítico migratorio asociado a glucagonoma. Med Clin (Barc). 2020;155:418–419.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1058 "Ancho" => 1494 "Tamanyo" => 207794 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A) Erythematous to violaceous coloured, annular plaques on both legs, with well-defined borders and central epidermal detachment suggestive of migratory necrolytic erythema. B) Epidermal detachment and desquamation on both palms. C) Computed tomography: polylobulated mass in the pancreatic tail of 82 × 53 × 61 mm (*) compatible with primary pancreatic tumour. D) A SPECT scan using radiopharmaceutical <span class="elsevierStyleSup">111</span>In-octreotide: neoplastic process in the pancreatic tail with somatostatin receptors suggestive of glucagonoma.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cutaneous manifestations of internal malignant tumors" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.W. Becker" 1 => "D. Kahn" 2 => "S. 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Wu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1477-7819-12-220" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "World J Surg Oncol" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "220" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25029913" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Necrolytic migratory erythema as the only presenting sign of a glucagonoma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S.M. Johnson" 1 => "B.R. Smoller" 2 => "L.W. Lamps" 3 => "T.D. Horn" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1067/s0190-9622(02)61774-8" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "49" "paginaInicial" => "325" "paginaFinal" => "328" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12894090" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/23870206/0000015500000009/v1_202011100818/S2387020620304629/v1_202011100818/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "43309" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23870206/0000015500000009/v1_202011100818/S2387020620304629/v1_202011100818/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2387020620304629?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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Letter to the Editor
Glucagonoma-related necrolytic migratory erythema
Eritema necrolítico migratorio asociado a glucagonoma
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Xavier Bosch-Amate
, Josep Riera-Monroig, Pilar Iranzo Fernández
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Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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