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His past medical history included moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Physical examination revealed multiple non-grouped umbilicated vesicles and crusted hemorrhagic erosions located symmetrically on his face, with no mucosal involvement (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs. 1 and 2</a>). Eczema herpeticum (EH) was suspected and immediate therapy with oral valacyclovir was initiated. Rash resolved in ten days. A polymerase chain reaction from a vesicle swab resulted positive for Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection, confirming our diagnosis.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">EH represents a generalized HSV skin infection that appears more frequently in patients with AD. The skin barrier dysfunction, the Th2 immune-polarization and the IFN-pathway malfunction commonly seen in these patients could lead to a more unrestrained viral spread. Its differential diagnosis encompasses eczema coxsackium, eczema vaccinatum, impetigo, scabies and primary varicella infection. Severe AD with intense excoriated papules should also be considered. Life-threatening complications, such as hepatitis or encephalitis, may occur in severe forms. Therefore, treatment should be started based upon clinical suspicion, being visual recognition of the entity of paramount importance. Guanosine analogues, such as acyclovir or valacyclovir, constitute the treatment of choice.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Data availability statement</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. 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Journal Information
Image in medicine
Eczema herpeticum in atopic dermatitis
Eccema herpeticum en dermatitis atópica
Emilio de Dios Berna-Rico
, Maria Belen de Nicolas-Ruanes, Emilio Garcia-Mouronte, Patricia Burgos-Blasco
Corresponding author
Dermatology Department, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain