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"documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Med Clin. 2021;156:635" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>" "titulo" => "Primary prevention of second victims" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "paginaInicial" => "635" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Prevención primaria de segundas víctimas" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Esperanza L. Gómez-Durán, Josep Arimany-Manso" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Esperanza L." 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"documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Med Clin. 2021;156:633-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>" "titulo" => "Prevention of harm in the second victim" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "633" "paginaFinal" => "634" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "La prevención del daño en la segunda víctima" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Jordi Delás, Ana Lozano" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jordi" "apellidos" => "Delás" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana" "apellidos" => "Lozano" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0025775320303894" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcli.2020.03.022" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0025775320303894?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2387020621002424?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23870206/0000015600000012/v1_202106160926/S2387020621002424/v1_202106160926/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>" "titulo" => "Gender differences within healthcare professionals as second victims" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "To the Editor:" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "634" "paginaFinal" => "635" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Julia Kober, Lara Abello" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Julia" "apellidos" => "Kober" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "julia.kober@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Lara" "apellidos" => "Abello" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Universidad de Barcelona, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Barcelona, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Diferencias de género entre el personal sanitario como segunda víctima" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I have read the article recently published by Gómez-Durán EL and Arimany-Manso J,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> and I would like to make a few brief comments on it.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The term “second victim” is a relatively new term that is beginning to be used in our everyday communication in Spain. It is interesting to reflect further on how other aspects related to gender can have a decisive influence on this problem. In this sense, we should perhaps take them into account when creating and improving current and future “second victim” assistance programs.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The article by Gómez-Durán EL and Arimany-Manso J<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> entitled «El profesional sanitario como segunda víctima del daño en la asistencia” (the healthcare professional as second victim in healthcare harm), not only warns about the severity of the second victim phenomenon, but also emphasises the internal and emotional process of the concerned healthcare professional, while highlighting the challenge of asking for help in situations of this type.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Female doctors are more likely to experience depression than male doctors; a conclusion reached by many studies on gender differences. However, these studies do not provide clear conclusions as to the real causes of these incidents, nor have they led to a reduction in the number of cases.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This results in a deterministic argument, i.e., biological categories and differences are created, without clarifying the social construction behind this reality. Unconsciously, we have been “naturalizing” a differential biology and psychology that promotes the view of women as “the sensitive ones”, “the vulnerable ones”, “the pathological ones” … despite the absence of clear biological evidence to reinforce this hypothesis.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Women differ from their male counterparts primarily because they lack role models and generally get fewer promotions.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">They constantly face unconscious and conscious prejudice, the consequences of which are reflected in the high rates of sexual harassment to which they are subjected.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Today, not only do women represent more than half of the students in the health field, but the number of women involved in the health sector is increasing, both in education and in professional practice. This should not be ignored, quite the opposite, as it automatically makes women more likely to be “second victims”, as well as making it more difficult to resolve and recover from the characteristic cycle of depression and anxiety.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this aspect, and despite being a very topical issue, the initial improvements that are being applied in response to the problem seem insufficient, as they have not helped to make the unquestionable gender inequality more visible.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Only a few recently published articles seem to attribute the differences analysed to gender inequality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another related concept is described in the article by Moreno Luna ME, et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> This article provides statistical information on patients with identical symptoms and circumstances in the context of an anxious-depressive condition. Its conclusions confirm that women were prescribed more anxiolytics and offered more psychological support than men.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This phenomenon is certainly a double-edged sword that complements the initial reflection, as gender-related expectations bias the willingness to ask for help and the care received. While women are overestimated in the same conditions and offered different help, possibly increasing the sense of guilt and personal disappointment, men are not given help when it is needed and, in addition, a kind of toxic masculinity is encouraged, in the sense that they are afraid to ask for help and to acknowledge weakness in order not to be labelled as “weak” and “not very manly”.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to address the problem of “second victims” among health personnel, whether in Spain or in any other part of the world, I believe it is important and absolutely necessary to start incorporating this type of reflection, with the aim of optimising the help and support that all health professionals should have access to. As Gómez-Durán EL and Arimany-Manso J<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> mention in their article, one of the greatest obstacles encountered by health professionals is the lack of predisposition to seek help, without knowing how or who to turn to, despite the fact that these are 2 situations that stem from the issues raised and, therefore, of great relevance.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although there are many more elements to be considered in this important endeavour, I believe it is essential to analyse the issue in more depth with the help of outreach and awareness-raising programmes among health workers and students.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Kober J, Abello L. Diferencias de género entre el personal sanitario como segunda víctima. Med Clin (Barc). 2021;156:634–635.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Healthcare professional as second victim in healthcare injuries" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "E.L. Gómez-Durán" 1 => "J. Arimany-Manso" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcli.2019.09.005" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin (Barc)" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "154" "paginaInicial" => "98" "paginaFinal" => "100" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Gender inequality and depression among medical students: a global meta-regression analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.P.G. Pacheco" 1 => "J.B. Silveira" 2 => "R.P.C. Ferreira" 3 => "K. Lo" 4 => "J.R. Schineider" 5 => "H.T.A. Giacomin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.01.013" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Psychiatr Res" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "111" "paginaInicial" => "36" "paginaFinal" => "43" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30665010" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Influence of the patient’s gender in the management of anxiety/depressive profiles" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M.E. Moreno Luna" 1 => "E. Clemente Lirola" 2 => "M.J. Piñero Acín" 3 => "M.R. Martínez Matías" 4 => "F. Alonso Gómez" 5 => "F.J. Rodríguez Alcalá" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0212-6567(00)78721-X" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Aten Primaria" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "26" "paginaInicial" => "554" "paginaFinal" => "558" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11149189" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/23870206/0000015600000012/v1_202106160926/S2387020621002412/v1_202106160926/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "43309" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23870206/0000015600000012/v1_202106160926/S2387020621002412/v1_202106160926/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2387020621002412?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
